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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Solar and Lunar Eclipse
Science – Grade 7
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Solar and Lunar Eclipse
First Edition, 2020

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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Solar and Lunar Eclipse
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to

use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own

learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.

As you go through the different activities of this module be

reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this

module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

Hello dear learner! How are you today? Get excited for this new lesson which
will add to your pool of learned concepts from the series of modules you had
taken in this quarter. This module will help you learn about an interesting
phenomenon in the skies. Specifically, this module will help you explain how
solar and lunar eclipses occur using models.

Let Us Try!

True or False. Read each statement and determine whether it is true or not.
Write T if it is True, F if false. Write your answer on a separate paper.

1. The sun rotates around the moon.

2. The moon rotates around the earth.

3. Sometimes, the earth comes between the sun and moon.

4. Lunar eclipse occurs every month.

5. At times, the moon blocks the sunlight from entering the Earth.

Let Us Study

Let us discuss two (2) phenomena that we experience on our planet Earth.
They may not occur very often. However, they amaze us just the same. Have
you experienced when in the middle of the day, it suddenly turned dark? What
event is this? Yes, it is called a solar eclipse. How about when a full moon
gradually gets dark and then it reappears? What phenomenon is it? You’re
right! It is called lunar eclipse! So, when does an eclipse happen? An eclipse
occurs when one heavenly body blocks an observer from seeing another object
in outer space. On Earth, there are two main types of eclipses: solar eclipse
and lunar eclipse. These are the events in the sky that we will discuss in this
module.

Ready? Let’s do this!

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The diagram below shows the occurrence of lunar eclipse.

What is lunar eclipse?

A lunar eclipse can only happen at a full moon. A total lunar eclipse can
happen only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (see the diagram
above). When there is no perfect alignment of these three heavenly bodies, the
partial eclipse happens. Otherwise, no eclipse happens at all. Have you ever
wondered why a lunar eclipse does not occur every month, even with a
monthly full moon? Because the moon's orbit around Earth lies in a slightly
different plane than Earth's orbit around the sun.

How long will a lunar eclipse last?

A total lunar eclipse typically develops over a couple of hours for the whole
event. The time it would take for a lunar eclipse to take place depends on how
closely the Moon’s path approaches the shadow of the axis. For an eclipse
where the Moon goes through the center of Earth’s shadow, each partial phase
consumes at least 1 hour, and totality can last as long as 1 hour and 40
minutes.

How does it occur?

The Earth casts two shadows that fall on the moon during a lunar eclipse.
These shadows are called umbra or the full, dark shadow. The other one is
the penumbra, a partial outer shadow. The moon experiences these umbra
and penumbra shadows as it revolves around the earth but it is in the umbral
shadow where we see the best part of a lunar eclipse.

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What causes blood-moon?

During a lunar eclipse, the moon may take a reddish color during totality.
Blood-moon happens when the Earth completely covered the sunlight. Why
does this happen?
Remember that sunlight
composes of 7 colors – red,
orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, and violet (ROYGBIV)
with different wavelengths.
Blue light has the highest
frequency and is scattered
more than red light, which
has a lower frequency. It is
known as Rayleigh Scattering.
However, it is true that during
a lunar eclipse, sun rays are
blocked. The Earth’s
atmosphere is bending the
red wavelengths of light
around the planet as shown
in the figure on the right.

How about solar eclipse? How does it happen? The diagram below shows the
alignment of the sun, moon, and earth in this phenomenon.

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What is solar eclipse?

As shown in the diagram above, a solar eclipse occurs when the moon
passes in front of the sun casting a shadow to fall on some areas on Earth.
A solar eclipse is not seen from all parts of the Earth but only on areas
where the shadow falls. On these locations, it appears that the sun has gone
totally or partially dark.

How long will a solar eclipse last and how does it occur?

According to NASA (2017), a solar eclipse happens once every 18 months. A

total solar eclipse, including partial phases, lasts about three hours. The
duration of a total solar eclipse can be anywhere between 1 second and
upwards of 7 minutes.

1. Total solar eclipse

happens when the moon
completely covers the sun
as viewed from Earth. This
is when you are in the
umbra region.

2. Annular solar eclipse

happens when the new
moon (farthest from the
earth) covers the sun’s
center, leaving its outer
edges to form a “ring of fire”
or annulus.

3. Partial solar eclipse occurs when the moon only partially covers the
disk of the sun. This is when you are in the penumbra region
(Bernoskie, 2017).

Let Us Practice
Activity 1: Explaining Solar and Lunar Eclipse

Direction: Explain solar and lunar eclipse by filling in the missing information.
Use the diagram as your guide. Choose the best answer from the word box.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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 A. In a solar eclipse,
the (1)_____
blocks the light
from the (2)_____.
On Earth, when
one is standing in
the full shadow.
This is known as
the (3)_____. A
person
experiences a
total solar eclipse
where the sun
appears black.
When one is
standing in the
partial shadow,
this is known as
the (4)_____. That
person
experiences
(5)____ solar
eclipse.
Umbra Penumbra Sun Partial Moon
Earth
B. In a lunar eclipse,
the (1)_____
blocks the light
from the (2)_____.
When one looks
at the moon from
the Earth, the
moon appears
reddish because
of (3)_____. It
explains that the
Earth’s (4)_____,
along with its gas
and dust
particles, is
bending the
(5)____

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 wavelengths of
light around the
planet.

atmosphere Earth Rayleigh. scattering moon red sun

Amazing eclipses, right? These eclipses make our days and nights even
more interesting! Brace yourself as the next lunar eclipse will happen on
May 26, 2021! It will be visible from parts of North America, Australia, the
Pacific, and Asia.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 2: Amazing Eclipses

Direction: Read the selection and do the tasks given. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answers.

A. Brrr!! Brrr!! Brrr! “Return the sun to us!!” The natives cried out
making all sorts of noises. The sun turned black in the middle of the
day! In many cultures, the many mythical figures eating or stealing
the sun has been surrounding solar eclipses. For example,
Vietnamese believed that a solar eclipse is caused by a giant frog
eating the Sun and in ancient China, a dragon was thought to lunch
on the Sun. The Chinese word of an eclipse, Chih or Shih, means to
eat. Korean folklore believed that solar eclipses occur because
mythical dogs steal the sun.

Help the different cultures understand about the occurrence of solar eclipse
using the diagram. Choose 3 statements that best explain this phenomenon.
Write the sentences on a separate sheet.

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 A total solar eclipse occurs when the A solar eclipse happens when the
sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly moon’s shadow blocks the sun’s
aligned. light.

The moon “reappears” as the earth As the Earth’s shadow totally

moves around the sun. covers the moon, some light from
the sun (especially red) passes
through the Earth's atmosphere
and is bent toward the moon.

A total solar eclipse is observed when one is standing at the umbra (full
shadow) where the sun turns black in the middle of the day.

B. A story was told about an Italian

explorer and navigator, Christopher
Columbus, and his crew who came
stranded on the shores of Jamaica,
needing food as they were forced to
abandon their two ships destroyed by
shipworms. They were accommodated and
fed by the natives (Arawak Indians) but
soon they grew weary of feeding them with
cassava, corn, and fish.

With his knowledge, Columbus used the lunar

eclipse on Feb. 29, 1504, to frighten the
natives, saying that his Christian God was
angry with his people for no longer supplying
his crew with food. Columbus said that after three days, God will make the
moon blood-red as a sign of his anger. Indeed, the blood-red moon happened
and the natives were terrified. A few hours later, when the moon’s light is
slowly reappearing, Columbus said God had pardoned the natives and would
bring the moon back. The native rejoiced and fed the crew again until help
arrived in November and Columbus and his men sailed back to Spain.

Help the Arawak Indians understand the occurrence of the blood-red moon
(lunar eclipse) using the diagram below. Choose 3 statements that best
explain this phenomenon. Write the sentences on a separate sheet.

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The earth rotates around the The moon “reappears” as the earth
moon. moves around the sun.

Lunar eclipse happens when the
Earth’s shadow blocks the sun’s
light.
As the Earth’s shadow totally covers
the moon, some light from the sun
(especially red) passes through the
Earth's atmosphere and is bent
toward the moon, making it look
blood-red.

Total lunar eclipse occurs when the sun, Earth, and moon get perfectly
aligned.

Great job! You just had successfully explained the occurrence of solar and
lunar eclipses! These phenomena continue to amaze us even up to this day.
Now, that you could already explain how they happen, it would be a great
idea when you could scientifically explain these to your friends or siblings.
Well done!

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 Let Us Remember
From the discussion and exercises, the following are the key concepts in
this module:

• A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and
Earth. This alignment causes the moon to cast a shadow on some
areas on Earth.
• Solar eclipse is not seen from all parts of the Earth but only on areas
where the shadow falls. On these locations, it appears that the sun
has gone totally or partially dark.
• A total lunar eclipse can happen only when the sun, Earth, and moon
line up.
• Lunar eclipse does not happen every month because the moon's orbit
around Earth lies in a slightly different plane than Earth's orbit
around the sun.
• The moon appears reddish during a lunar eclipse because of
Rayleigh scattering.

Let Us Assess
Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the correct sequence for a solar eclipse to occur?

A. Earth, sun, moon C. sun, Earth, moon
B. sun, moon, Earth D. none of the above

2. In what phase of the moon does lunar eclipse occur?

A. New moon C. Gibbous
B. Full moon D. First quarter

3. What would an observer from the Earth see during a total lunar
eclipse?
A. A full moon C. Moon turning small
B. Sunlight D. Moon turning red

4. What is the correct sequence during a total lunar eclipse?

A. sun, Earth, moon C. Earth, sun, moon
B. sun, moon, Earth D. none of the above

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5. What is the darkest part of the moon’s shadow?
A. orbit C. umbra
B. axis D. penumbra

6. What do you call to a phenomenon where there is blocking of one object

in space?
A. umbra C. penumbra
B. eclipse D. orbit

7. What happens when a moon blocks your view of the sun?

A. eclipse C. solar eclipse
B. lunar eclipse D. orbit

8. What is the region surrounding the darkest shadow cast by the moon
on earth?
A. umbra C. eclipse
B. penumbra D. axis

9. What happens during a full moon when the Earth is directly between
the sun and moon?
A. eclipse C. solar eclipse
B. lunar eclipse D. penumbra

10. Which of the following diagrams best shows the best positions of the
Earth, sun, and moon during a lunar eclipse?
A. C.

B. D.

11-12. Use the diagram to help you answer items 11-12. Choose the best
answer from the choices given.

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11. How does the moon, in the diagram, contribute to the strange event
experienced by people on earth?
A. It causes all areas on earth to go dark.
B. It casts a shadow on Earth as it blocks the sun’s light.
C. It makes the earth protected from the harmful rays of the sun.
D. It goes in between the sun and earth which slowed down Earth’s
rotation.

12. In which area or shadowed part will observers on Earth able to see
total darkness? Why?
A. In area B because the moon is blocked by the sun.
B. In area A because the sun is partially blocked by the moon.
C. In area B because the sun is completely blocked by the moon.
D. In area A because the sun is completely blocked by the moon.

13-15. Use the diagram to help you answer items 14-15. Choose the best
answer from the choices given.

13. How does the Earth, in the diagram, contribute to the strange event
experienced by people on earth?
A. It causes all areas on the moon to go dark.
B. It makes the moon reflect more of the sun’s rays.
C. It casts a shadow on the moon, causing it to appear reddish.
D. It goes in between the sun and moon which slowed down the
moon’s rotation.
14. Lunar eclipses occur during the full moon phase. However, a lunar
eclipse does not happen each month. Why is this so?
A. There are lunar eclipses that can hardly be noticed.
B. The sun’s gravitational attraction between the Earth and the sun
varies each month.
C. The moon's orbit around Earth lies in the same plane as the
Earth's orbit around the sun.
D. The moon's orbit around Earth lies in a slightly different plane
than Earth's orbit around the sun.

15. Rhiel argued that during the lunar eclipse, she did not see the “blood
moon”. In which shadowed part of the Earth could she be standing at
that moment?
A. A C. Either A or B
B. B D. None of the above

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 Let Us Enhance
Activity 3: Labels and Lines

Directions. Label the diagram with the appropriate terms. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Well done!! You just had finished all the exercises in this module. The
diagram you labeled revealed how far you understood the lesson discussed.

Let Us Reflect

Man has explored the amazing wonders of the skies. He will always
be trying to do better and will always want to be working towards
perfecting the work for the satisfaction of mankind’s curiosity.

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Let Us Enhance Let Us Assess Let Us Practice Let Us Try
1. sun 1. B A. 1. F
2. moon 2. B 1. moon 2. T
3. umbra 3. D 2. sun 3. T
4. earth 4. A 3. umbra 4. F
5. penumbra 5. C 4. penumbra 5. T
6. sun 6. B 5. partial
7. moon 7. C B
8. penumbra 8. B 1. earth
9. moon 9. B 2.sun
10. umbra 10. C 3.Rayleigh
11. B scattering
12. D 4.atmosphere
13. C 5. red
14. D
15. B
Answer Key
 References

Anderson, David & Orwig, Jessica. 2018. "Business Insider." July 27.
Accessed January 25, 2021. https://www.businessinsider.com/lunar-
eclipse-why-moon-is-blood-red-2018-7.

Bernoskie, Brandi. 2017. "NASA." NASA Knows. May 3. Accessed January

25, 2020. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-
8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-58.

Bikos, Konstantin. n.d. "Eclipses: What is the Penumbra?" timeanddate.com.

Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/penumbra-shadow.html.

Britt, Robert Roy. 2020. Lunar eclipse: What are they and when is the next
one? November 27. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://www.space.com/15689-lunar-eclipses.html.

CNX, OpenStax. n.d. lumen Astronomy. Accessed January 23, 2021.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/astronomy/chapter/eclipses-of-
the-sun-and-moon/.

Hocken, Vigdis & Kher, Apama. n.d. "What is an Annular Solar Eclipse."
timeanddate.com. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/annular-solar-eclipse.html.

Love Big Island. n.d. Lunar Eclipse 101. Accessed January 25, 2021.
https://www.lovebigisland.com/privacy-policy/.

RaisingOurKids.com. n.d. "Christopher Columbus Pictures For Kids." Clipart

Library.

Studydoctor. 2016. Lesson2:Eclipses. UK.

Technological Solutions, Inc. 2021. "Astronomy for Kids Lunar and Solar
Eclipses." Ducksters. Accessed January 25, 2021.
https://www.ducksters.com/citation.php?title=Astronomy%20for%20
Kids:
%20Lunar%20and%20Solar%20Eclipses&location=https://www.duck
sters.com/science/physics/lunar_and_solar_eclipses.php.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph