PHAM MIN THAL HUGNG DAN LAM DO AN MON HOC THIET KE HE THONG LAI CUA OT6 - MAY KEO BANH XE TRUONG DAI HOU: BACH KHOA 1991LONG pau ‘Tei libs ndy nhdm muc dich hudng dén sinh vién chuyén ngénh (h8 chink qui vt eat oi he) sit dung khi thidt k€ d3 dn mén hoc “He thong Idi cia 6 16 va may kéo birch x Bing thai cing te tai Neu than: Kho cln tht cho sinh vién kh lam dB 6 tt nghiép véinbitng a ta 08 lien Guan tdi tinh ndrig dn hutdng aia 6 t6- may kéo, DE st dung 06% tdi lige nay, sink vie cin ndm vilng nhitng kin thiic co bén 4a Auge trang bf ong cic mon hoc: LY thuayét 6&6 - may kéo, Thidt K€ - Tink todn 5 6 - may kéos Nguyen 19 may, Site bin vit lide Thay hues vv. Tai ligu nay gdm ba phn: Phin mibt: Gidi thie V8 plasong.phap lap luén va trink te thiét hE he [Nong Idi 6 15 - may ko, Phin Hai: Nhiing chi dén thiée YEit khi thidt ké' he thing Idi mdi. Phan ba: So 43, hink vé vat bang céc $6 ligu tham khéo. Dé tgo cho sink vién co § thite chi Ong trong cong vitc, sit dung t6t nhitng kign thite dé duge ‘rang biva dém bdo nti dung hing nhdt cia bin a én mbn hoc, the gid cb yeu clu souz ‘A> DGi voi cim lip budag din: Chi cho nhiing thong s6 sau: 4 Chitng loal 6 «6 hoje may kéo (xe tdi, xe cha khdch, xe du lich, xe dde ching, cp may kéo). 2 Tai trong hode $6 lugng hank khdch chayén chi (hay trong luang dit ln che blk xe dd hucéng), 4 56 chu din husdng (chit dng hay khong cini déng). + Tal liga va chin logi xe tham khdo. & Ngodi nhiing thing 56 trén, tty theo tink a6 cia sink vien céen bp téng dn eb thf cho {hdr hé thEng Idi c6 hay khong e6 cuidng héa Idi, hdc dé sinh vién us xéc dinh theo. hing tink ton $0 BG va lap ludn cla minh, 'B- Dai voi sinh viem: Cn tute hign dy dit cbc mpi dung sau: / PHAN THIET KE VA TINH TOAN: 1: Trinh bay nhitng lufn cit, chon phutong én thidt ké'va lap so dB bS tri he thing Idi trén 616 + my kéo, 2: Finh dng hoc tdi, bao gdm: + Minch thang Idi va cde don adn déng lai.+ Xie dinh 50 bt) sO tray cfta hg Oidag 3 Xe dinh ché dd pity 1éi va cn off yao £0 dB BO tri dé hid tra Bin hod chit ké ma cde “anh tay ll, true Iai, khdp nd true, cp truyn dong oo edie Idi, ruc aon ay ditng, th kéo ngeng, don quzy ngeng, cbc din bén hieh 1g (ChB cle, mbng dé, 10 xo nén} va.cum aitdng iba ta (nu €5}}. ih kéo doe, t ing ii, ede Bhd p di 3 4 Nhén x6t ve két buen. tL, PHAN 08 TH VA BAN VE. PDB thi xde dink dng hoc hinh thang Idi v2 dB thi kidim tra (vé tin gid’y ké mam) 2 Bén vé lap cure 2 Co ctu Idi ve cdc khdu khdp dén dong Idi. « Trtdng hap 6 clang hda I6i, thy theo khdt luong cong vite sink vién vé mot trong cae cut som: bam, xi-lenh luc hode van pin phéi (do gido vién hudng ddn dd én mén hoc qui dink). 3- Ban vé ch8 tao mde chi tiét didn hink (do gido vién hudng ddn qui dink). Ghi chite I: Nén sit dung that nguyén nbdt qué trong todn bj phita thayét mink va tink todn. 2 Clie thing sO va cong thite sit dung phai duoc thuyé mink ré rang. ‘3. Cae bai duet ldp ghé; 4 Ban vé chi sidt ché'tao phi cb: dit khich thude ché tao, dung sai, 43 bing gia cing va dids kién ky thudt. v6 td -um phdi cb: kich tintde tng quan, kich thude lip ghép vie ditu kign kF © Bie gidsNHUNG YEU CAU CO BOi VOI HE THONG LAL Hg thdng Idi 6 0 - méy kéo cn phai thoa man nndng yeu cha co oan sou i+ Dim bao tinh nang van hank ceo ca 6 (6, 06 aghla I& kha n3ng quay vong abe: arén abtng digs tick gidi hen. va ngoat 2- Nhe nnang trong vigc ditu khién 6 16 - may Léo khi quay vong tai chd va Ahi chuyéa Gong. Lye trem vanh tay Idi (v6-l8ng) khong dutse vugt qué 6 KG khi 6 t0 chay vdi tc ¢6 20 km/h teen dudng betOng - nhya thee quy dao hinh s6 8 c6 ban kink vOng trda 15 m va khodng céch gitla tan ota 2 vong trdn 42 m; Ive khi quay vong céc bank xe din hetdng tai ch6 cren mat dudng beIOng - nhya EhO khong duge vot qué 16 + 20 kg, Dt vdi may kéc bank xe, Ive tren vanh tay Idi Khi quay vong tai ch6 khOng ln qué 12 KG. 3- Dong hoc quay voag Giing, c6 nghia khi quay vong th cé céc bénh xe ian ma khOng bj srugt (laa tinh). 4- Trayta t6i thigu ahting va dap nghjch dio len vank tay isi, 5+ Chic bank xe din hudng co kha nding quay trd vt vj iri ban dau va git duoc hudng cheyéa Ong d& cho cba 6 6 - may kéo. 6 Chinh x4 v8 tink ch&t tay doag (chép hinh) dong hoc va dong Ive hoc; cO nghia dim bac sit phi hgp ch3t ché gitta su tc dong cia he théng Idi va s¥f quay vong ea céc bénh xe din huéng. 7- C6 dO ba lau (tu6i tho) vA khong bj hy hong trong toda bd thdi giam phuc ve cla 0 10 - may kéo. 8 Thuan tiga trong vige sit dung va bao dudng. 9- Khong 06 ahitng Khe hd In trong he thOng lai,PHAN MOT THIET KE HE THONG LAI I. Chom phitag thong of chi yéu va tink dong hoe dia dong 163. Naigm ve cla tink dong hoc din dong {ai 18 x4c dinh: ahiing thong s6 (6i du cia hink thang i, dong hoc ding cta don quay ihi c6 sy bién dang cia bo phan dan KDI be thng treo va chon nhitng gié tr] cn thiét cba ty s6 truyn din dong lai. ‘Ta da biét ti ly thuy€t quay vong dé nhgn duge sy lan Link cla ede bénh xe dn hudng khi quay vong thi he th6ng Idi phai dim bio méi quan he sau day cla cée g6c quay ela banh xe dn hudng ben ngoai va ben trong so voi tam quay vong: B Ctga- Cigh = — @ L O day: ava - géc quay vong cila bank xe din hudng bén ngoai va ben trong. B- khoang céch gitta hai dong tam try ditng. L- chidu dai co sd cia 6 t0 may kéo (hinh 1) Ghi chit: 4) Khi tinh todn ca hu § ti diém sau day: d6i kkhi ngudi ta Idy Bla khoang c&ch gitta cde giao diém cia duong tam cam quay v6i dong tam try ding, ditu 46 Khong ding vi céc diém nay khong nim trong m4 phing cla hinh thang lai Giao diém c&n xac dinh 46 tinh dong hoc phai [a giao diém cla cdc dudng tam cdc try ditng voi nat phdng di qua tam céc ch6tou cia din ben hinh thang Idi va vuong g6c voi ching.BA Ko + big8,) 6 aay: A- bo rng cle cdc vet banh xe din hudng, c- cénh lay ddn lan ca ba: h, -chite cao cia iry bank xe B, - g6c nghi¢ag ngang ciz trv ding ch. 4+ Ny vo Hinh 2. So dd quay vong cita 516 Hinit 3. Cénh tay don lan ca bank xe 2) D6i vOi d t0 ba chu: L 1a khodng och tit dam che trdde t6i dudng thdng song song voi cac am sav vi di qua diém gitta cia doan Ip (hinh 1) Ti-biéu thic (1) t@ thdy rang dé banh xe din hudng lan ma khong bj truot Iét trong qué trink quay vong thi higu s6 cotang cila céc banh xe dn hung ben agoai va bén trong phai luon bang mot tri s6 khong adi. ‘Tren da 6 cdc 0 10 - may kéo higa nay, dé dim bio méi quan he dong hoc gia hai banh xe fn huéng, ngudi ta thudng sit dung mot két cfu tong d6i don gid, dé 12 hink thang I4i, bao gdm. ti céc don (Khau) duoc n6i véi nhau bing céc KhOp cdu va céc dn ben duge bé tri nghieng mot gee so v6i dam cu trude. ‘Thong qua hink thang 14i, tu m6i quan he hin hoc ching ta rét ra duge biéw thitc sau day vB m6i quan hé gitta cée g6c quay cia banh xe dln hvdng ben ngoai va bén trong: sh io er meos( +B) 2 Bg PY ae Ot art 7 ai ya msin(® +2) ae im + 2Bsin® - 2msin@ - Bsin(® + 8) + arcsin @) VB? + m?-2Bmsin(® + 6) : Lf tay: ® - g6c nghieng cia cdc don ben hinh thang Idi so v6i dam chu trudc. t m - chidu dai don ben hinh thang Idi. So'sdnh cfc bide thc (1) va (3) ta c6 thé nhan thdy rng ching khong hodn toan gidng hethau, do db vite 1On igi sy sai kde gia goe quay voag ly thuy6t va thye 86 cho bai hinh thang l4i I Gide Khong thé iranb Khoi. Van d® dat ra cho cfc aha thiGt k€ 0 10 - may kéo fa cAn phai chon duge cae thOng 6 (6i uu cls hinh thang iéi d6 su sai khéc ai tren dat (i gid tr] 161 thidw. Do sai lech cho phép gilta cde goc quay thyc 16 va If thuyét trong to&n bO pham vi fam viéc cia céc baal xe din hong Khong duige vetgt qué £°. © Teinh ty xée dinh cdc thong 86 co ban cés hin thang Idi: Céch tut nhdt: DE xdc dink goc ughieng © ctia hink thang 14i ngudi ta ding phuong php lap @& hj bidu thi mOi quan hg gita gbc a v8 f tit che biéu thitc (1) va (3), trinh ty tix ha: a- Trén truc tou dO wudng géc a va f, tit biéu thite (1) voi céc gid tri ctia B va L da biét ta lap duige dudng cong biéu thi mSi quan hé-« = f(A) ly htuyét. b- Cho trude céc gié tri cia ®, chon tide m; tt bide thite (3) ta ching minh duge mot ho dung cong a = f(B, , m) cing trén toa do néi tren. & Chon truéc ®, ma tif d6 dudng cong biéu thi quan ke a va f theo diéu thitc (3) gan nhét vi dung cong ly thuySt cho bai biéw thie (1) (d0 sai lech KhOng qué 1°). hu sau: € » Hinh 4. So dd xéc dink géc quay vong Hinh 5. Chon géc n ghiéng cha cila bank xe ngodi va trong don bén hinh thang Idi C€ch thit hai: Chon trudc géc ® hoac 6 va doan m, dung hinh thang Idi kich thudc B va L cia © t0- may kéo tren gidy ké Oly (mm) theo mot ty 1¢ nhSt dinh (hinh 6b). | Tit,diém gia K cba dim cu trudc, ké dudng thang n6i K véi F (hink chiéu cha Clea din lu sau). Kéo dai dudng tam cia bank xe ngoai téi cht dudng KF 3 E. N6i E vdi C (dhtdng tm try img céa banh xe trong). Géc KCE chink bang géc B cdn thiét theo I thuyét. Gée A" thyc té khée voi géc B cm thiét, vi hinh thang 14i khong thé dim bdo hodn todn chinh xic m6i quan hg neu trong biéu thic (1). Bang céch djch chuyén hinh thang Idi 6 cdc vj tri khie nhau, theo phvong phap tink bay 3 tren ta s€ dung dugc dung cong biéu thj mOi quan h¢-thyc 1 gita g6c a va f° (khong trang vbi 440g thing KF). ; © bat ky diém nao uen dudng cong vila nhgn diigc trong pham vi g6c quay vong. qui dinkthang iti va d3 chj dc tink cite ny, voi thank kéo ngang b6 tri phic sou. v6i thanks kéo ngang bs iri phia truée. Uuige cia gée w vto t) sO LIB: 1 vé 2 adi vdi thank kéo ngeng sau; 3¥84 déi vii thanh kéo ngang (rude; (a ~a} °- dd khong chink xdc cha géc quay bank xe phia trong. che cde bénh xe dd buéng, do sai iech gita g6c fi va f’ Khong dude vegt qué 1°, “* Khi xéc dink Gong hoe hink thang l6i, 4 dim bao do tin cay cia nhitng thOng $6 48 duge xéc dink theo céch thi akét, ngudi thigt ké c&n sit dung céch thi hai 4€ kiém tra lai (Khi dé c6 cde thong 56: , m, B va L), * Khi thiét K€ he théng Idi méi, ngubs thiét ké 06 th€ chon 50 09 cdc thOng 56 cia Ain thang Jai theo nhiing 86 ligu th6ng ke cfc két cfu hodn thign sav day: ~ Déi bi c6e 6 t0 van t4i bien dai, ty 56 mijn = 0,14 + 0,20va® = 60 + 75° (0 = 30 + 15% ~ D6i véi @ 10 du lich, céc thong 36 hinh hoc cia hinh thang Idi duge chon so bO niu tren ink 5: Tivong hop hink thang lai duge 06 tri phia sau dam cu trde, giao diém cia hai dudag thing duige kéo dai ti eSc canh ben hinh thang li sé nbm 8 khodng céch bling 2/3 chiu di co 53 cia xe. Trung hop hinh thang iat ditge b6 tei phia truéc - giao diém ady sé nlm tryc tip tren dm bu sau, Khi dé oba cde dda ben hink thang Iai s8 duge xéc dink nhu sau: B ‘Trudng hop hinh thang 14i n&m 8 phia sau: = arctg0,75 7 B ‘Trwbng hop hinh thang Iéi nim & phia trede:f = arctg0,S = Cfidu dai m ova don bén hinh thang Ls: m = (0,11 + 0,16)B ~ D6i voi may kéo bah xe, g6c nghieng @ cia binh thang Idi c6 thé chon $0 9 theo ty s6 L/BChidu dai m cia don bén bin’ thang iit m= (0,16 + 0.2538, @) j Perwaee Ghi cha: I)Khi gidi quyét vén @& b6 tri cdc khau cia din dong I4i, cin nhé ring sv sdp xtp va dong hoc cla ching duige coi & ding néu nh cde goc duge tg0 nén béi ddn quay vi don kéo dgc va cdc g6c dugc 140 nen bdi ddn quay ngang voi don kéo doc 6 vi tri tan cong of ching khi quay vong v2 cé hai phia nhan duge gid tri gin hat bing ahau (xem hinh 7a, b). 2) Dong hoc ding cta ddn quay ngang khi 6 sv biGn dang cia bO ph§n dan hdi he théng treo duge thé hitn & chd: quy dgo dich chuyén cla chét cu ddn quay ngang d6i véi ch6t cau don quay ding (tam quay) phi tring Oi quy dao dich chuyén cia ban than no 46i véi mot 1am khdc, ma g&n tam nay dign tich dan hOi Baney-colepemecce fated a, aay mgang 8 duoc dich chuyén khi hg thOng treo bién dgng Hink 8. Quy deo aia khdp clu dén quay ngang (xem hiah 8). 10 Khi nhip bign dang. hei THIET KE CAC CHE ING LAB, ev CUA HEY YW Xée MAY S68 truySn ba he thong sd tru Ba NE thng Iai (4) 36 teuyta dong hoc) bang oy quay ova trve vank tay sie quay twong ing iin dd ding vi moe Ne abst dink mdo 46 tée dong vao vanh tay IA! 88 lam quey duge ode ianh xe dfin huéng trong abitng didu Kida ngng ahoe mhAt, 46 12 khi quay vong tai chd se KhO vi xe chd di adi cam quay- Ty 36 truyBe ay, mi mat ch mat dudng nhva (hose be-tong), Gif tr] ahd nhdt cho phép obs ay 56 truyta ive oda he thong } dugexée dink bing ty s6 gia tj s6 mo-men eye dai 8 céc cam quay v ihe dt v0 vaoh tay fais hOng ob cudng héa, Omen cite dai cho phép ob i. MM, : aera 6) O aay: Mvi Ma + m0-men cin quay vong 8 bénk xe dfa hubag b¢n trong va ben ngodi. ty~ ban Kinh cila vanh tay Ii (v0-ling), P, - Ive eye dai cho phép €3t vao vank tay Iai, ny hidu suSt ofa he thong lat, Mit khde, ty 96 truytn cia he thOng Idi Khong duge qué lon ad ‘Khong lam anh hudng tdi tink nang van hank cla 6% - may kéo. ~ Ty 86 truy’a cia hé thong idi khong phai 12 mot hing s6 ma né thay d6i theo sy quay vong cia vanh tay Idi tit vi tr Ging v6i chuyén dong thang cla 0 10 - may x60. Do vay, gid tr) cla 15 36 troy’n tinh bay 0 trén chi a gid trj rung bink 6 quay vanh tay Ii svi tri tgn cing ben nay sang vj tri tn cing bén kia, ~ TY 86 traytn cia he th6ng lai 6 thé biu thj bling tich 36 gitt ty s6 trayta cia co cu Hii i (ot rye al i trge don quay ding) va ty 56 truybn cba dln dng Hai i (1 trye dn quay ding 161 cée cam quay). mig © ~ Tay loai co cfu 14i i, 6 thé thay d6i hodc Khong thay déi theo 6c quay cila vanh tay Idi. Quy luge thay d6i cla i, phu thude vo mye dich sit dung c9 cfu fi ma ngudi thiet ké 08 dyt ra, ~ 7) 86 truybn cia din dong Idi jg Ib mot gid tri khOng Koda todn xée dinh, b3i vi dng wi cdc ‘86e quay cba don quay ding thi chieu dai hieu dung cda don quay ding, dda quay ngang va céc doa cia hinh thang 14 s8 thay 61. SBI IiGL ké, ty 56 truyta cha dia dong J4i c6 thé tam thita nban bang 19 sO gitta chitu dai itsic dts a6i véi thank kés doc (wom Blak 9) ma Khong tinh dén cde g6c thay d6i gita alitng ddn-ndy v6i thank kéo doc: % 2) Xée diab ché d9 tét trong ¢ tink Bin oée chi tie cia he thing tats Hinh 9. So 63 dé xc dink $$ 96 sruytn ote dé dong tdi ‘MO men can quay vong 8 chic bénh xe a4 e 6 day: + Gy tdi trong tinh thing diing tac dung len mot bénh xes @VaB - g6cquay vong eda bénh xe ngodi va trong; a-chibu dai cia cam quay (Khodng céch tt mat phing gita cia bénh xe 16 giao diém ola dung tam try ding va cam quay). ‘Vi du: DO% véi 6 t0 MAZ- 503, ta 06 ede thong s6 sai G, = 3000KG, e+ 66mm; £= (018, 75 = 0,7, = 0-359, 6 = 0- 459, 8, = °, 74 = 2°30", a = 150 mm vag = 0,95. ‘TY 86 truybn ota hinh thang lai duge xAc djak ahu sau: ~ Khi quay vong sang ph in(@ + a + p= eta ty pre sin(® - B- yy ~ Khi quay vong sang trai: 7 sin(® - 6 a ts OF -v) as M sin@@ +a +y) 130 day: y - goe gita thank kéo gang va truc rude. misin(® + c) - sin(® - 8) ey = ay B- micos(® + a) + cos(®- By] Do efnh tay doa © tde dung theo thas kéo ngong xung quank cru ditng ben phi khi quay vOng sang phi mho hoz mhitu so v6i cfah tay dda khi quay vong sang tréi, vi vay mO men Guige sit dung 6 tink todn chinh Ia mo men quy din Khi quay voug ofc bémh xe din ung tai ch8 sang phai MP,, MO men quay vong 0 true con quay éiing khi quay vong ede bénh xe dm hhudng sang phai: iy Mes ME he «s) iy Oy O day Ly val, - chide dai canh (ay dda bigu dung cba ive dat vao dda quay diing va thenh kéo doc, 2nny -higu swét ca hai khép edu than's kéo doc. {Lye tren vanh tay 14t &hi quay vong fe bank xe din huGng sang phéi: Me Mey Ppa, et as) Rite Rds 12 Oday: R, - ban Kinh cia vanh tay lai Me ~ 9 S6 truytn va higu suét cia co cfu Idi, © Mo men cin quay vong o¥e dei 8 ede bank xe din buéng cing of th€ xéc dinh bang cong ‘thite the aghi¢m sau day, ikhi ob xé¢ t6i dp sudt trong i6p: 3 Pa SG MBE en 3 PL Oday: Pq ~ he 86 bam ngang cia Ip, G, - ti trong téc dung len céc bémh xe dn hudng. Pi dp sudt trong 16p. ©6 thé nhé hon hoge im hon Ive lon mht ma ngudi Ii 06 thE 06 duge (Khodne 50+ €5 KG), Kai Non hon thi cha phai b6 tri evong ha ls hodc thay di cdc thong &6 két cu cia be thOng 1a 2) Teng hop c6 b6 tri cudng hia ld, agoai Ive Hon nhdt cia ngudi Idi oda phi ‘de dung cla cng hoa cho ting chi tit cy thé cia he thOng Idi (theo 80 db bo tui edag béa). ’ --“3) Ngoai ch€ 40 phy tdi trink bay 5 tren, Ehi tinh bn: thasih kéo ngang hinh (h KE doc va cde chi tit tien quan v6i chang, en so séah v6iteudiag hop chiu pny 12 o eve dai tic dung len cdc banh xe din. hudng: uc phank ed 14Thanh fii Wye phan ta ‘Theok Ao dow khi lye phamh tae dung Wen | bank s Tisth Rte ode chi 6 22a RY ding tiie a bhi x h dong hoc he thing din dong idi va 26 1: da chon ca c6 thE tinh Ba fb Kiev thc eda Chi tit iney ve Site bbe vat fie ic ThIGL HE) 18 o2 wa * Khi shiGt KO mdi hoge od! Hién ln phaj ndms va phan tick dy a ede th Ske as C6 efi fa Ce thong $6 dani gié 00 bam ota co ef i4t sty 5 RB wong cap trayta tye va tudi tho Jam vide, 2, higu Sut (thaan va ngbick): 1786 trayen go [8 ty 6 pita go quey cia vank tay lava dda g way ding, TY s6 wuyon nay 6 Oe Khong thay d6i hogs thay dCi, DSi vbi nag 016 - my kG 06 b6 ir evng Ha, yea che tren ‘Wong Gan Oat ra (hOng thubng i, = const), b8i vi 8 trang hop nay nhiem vy chi yEu che 20 ede 1611S AE citu KhiGn (ghi) ven trupi ota b9 exdng hoa va d€ déca bdo tinh cbt tby Ong (chéo biah) Cong hoc va dOng Wehoe ola N¢ thong nay. Tay nhidn, ty x6 trayen ndy vin ph bio au fn dé ‘rong ving hop exoag b60 bj hing, agubi ll vin ob #84 ditu ehien te 6% - may Reo trong mgt uodng thdi gian nhét diag. ~ Nguoi ta phan hig sust ofa 10 cu idira Iam ity sust thugn (khi tray’a Tye tu veh tay 14i Ui don quay diing) va hieu suat nghich (Khi truybn ive tH don quay dling t6i vanh tay 16i). Higs Saft thuga cing 16m, ob rghta vn tht oho ma sét ssoag co cfu 4K cdg nhd th c&ing iam ahe aking cho viée itu khién i4i. Higu sede aghick d&c tring cho tinh chit nghich dio cia co chu tdi, Hige swat nghjch cang nho thi cang gidm duge mo men tren vanh tay 18i do tée dong cba nhitng eck plu ahien 4c dong vio céc bénh xe din buSng. ‘Tren abling 0 10 mAy kéo 06 bé tri cudng héa ici, dép the ating va dp ti mar dudng Ita be tng din dong l4i duge dim bao bang téc dung cia cvdng béa (chi y€u trong xi tank luc). & ‘rng hop niy, bigu sudt nghich dugc xem nhy i mot nin (6 o6 nk bubng 161 40 da dink Yam ice dah cla cuong Noa: bai vi van phn ph6i cia evdag hoe ob thé dupe dat 8 mu by phan bs 5 ato clla he thong li, nea Anh hudng cia hitu east aghich cin duge nghien citu cho titag trudag bop ey th, ~ Chi tieu dac trung cho tuéi tho (do ben lau) lama vite cia co cfu 1éi Ia sy an Khdp ding, tue 1a khe hd va sy thay d6i cia cdc khe hd nay sav sO vong quay toan b9 cia vinh tay Idi. Trong ditu ign sit dung, sy am khép céa Cap truy’n iyc chr phai ‘khOng 06 khe hd 3-vi tri aa ‘khép giila (trong tam), 06 nghla ding wi sy chuyén dong thing cia 6 - {0 - may k60 vA 06 thé e6 cde khe hd cho ti mép ngoai eng, o6 nghia tng vbi ki quay vong 0 0 - my kéo, Die diém cia két eu ndy cin phai Gude gi trong toan bo thi gian sit dung cia © 10 - mAy Kéo. (KE cd Khi cp truyn Ie 68 bf mai mon). $B6 im bio kha ning Fam vite adi len, cn phdi 6 ket cfu didu chink dé ba dip Iai de mon 6 plitn gita (2 phan bj mai mda abide nbdt ela co du) ma khong fam ket chiing khi quaysanh te 14i sang hei phia, MuSn vay, khe hd am khép tit vj iri gia ra hai ben phai duge Iam bon Urn In vi dat ti cue dai 8 cc vi tri ngoni cing. ‘Tusi tho cha cd edu 14i phu thuge vao kha nding duy tri quy at fim vige néi tren. Phign nay, tren 61 may ken s suSl 3 nude ngodi ngudi ta thudng st dung céc logi co cdu ei sau dy: 4) Thuc vit 15m (g1¢b0i*) v2 con ian; 2) Banh ring va than!s kite ah 3) Truc vit Cu, thanh Khia - hanh ra ag ques (truyen dong kep); 4) Truc vit vai ch6t khuye va ch6: quay: 5) Truc vit 66 ven ac x! met va dink ring hinh quat an khdp bes ( Dui day phan tich mot vai dac diém cia co cfu 14i k6 tren: * Co cw Iai trye vi 16m - con ian (Hinh 10,¢-va 23) duge sit dung rOng rai tren ede loai 6 cia Lien X6 (VAZ, GAZ, ZAZ. AZLK) 2“ tai trong len cdc banh xe den hudng (0125 T. Loai irayen may co bi¢e suas thud. car (0.8 - 0,9) néu Ah ching duoc sit dung dé truyts sahiing mé-men khong I6n, kich thudc ahé gon, dp t41 t6t mhtng va dp truytn tii mat dudng len vanh tay I4i. Nhung ching cing tn te: m6: s6 nhudc diém nhu hiéy sudt thip (0,6 - 0,65)'46i wi BhGng co cu 6 kich thud I6n v2 kh6 phd hop vbi bo van phan phGi ca cudng oa thy Iu. 10) Hinh 10. Co céte tdi Logi truc vit: a) Truc vit.wdi bink rang hiting kink. b) True vit vdi bank rang doi ben. , ¢) Truc vit tér2 vdi con Win. 16Hinh 12. Co cis ii loai thanh khia véi extding héa thity ive * Coca li béah cng - thanh Kha duge sit dung khé rng #4i trén cde 6 10 de lick odp abd va trung binh (Hinh 12 va 13), Loai co eu l4i nay of higu sudt thugn va nghich cao, nén ben canh wu diém 1a fai mhe nguai ta pha stt dung them mkting co cfu (ma sét hoge thily Ic) dé dap tat abiing va dap truyén tit mat dudng lea vank tay Iai. * Co cu 14i truc vit - ¢ cu bi, thanh khia - bénb ring quat hita nay dang dugc sit dyng kha rong rdi tréa cdc logi 6 t6 véa tai (MAZ, KPAZ, ZIL, KAMAZ) (xem Nich 14-3) vi ching o6 khd nang dap dng dugc abitng yeu civ bign dai sau day: hieu suidt cao (0,75 + 0,85), do bea Ian va dé ang ph6i hop voi van phan ph6i va xi-lanh lye ota bO phn evong ha thy iyo. * Co edu Iai trye vit v6i Khugu va ch6t quay (Hinh 14,b) cing duge st dung tren mot s6 logi 010 - méy.kép, ching khong c6 ahing wu va nhuige diém dg bigt gi hon 50 véi loai co cfu li trye Vvvt eu bi * Co cfu lai trac vit zen acximét va bénh rang quat phdng (Hinh 10,b) cb dign tich tip xic fn gita tryc vit v2 banh rang, do 46 gidm duge do mon cia cde hi tit; nhuge diém cia loai nay 1a hies sudt thdp nen hign nay n6 chi cdn duge st dung tren mot s6 méy kéo 1én (T 150 K). b- Din dong Iai: 7 * Dan dong Idi cin phai dim bio truytn dude tye An thigt tit dda quay dling cha co cde 14i t6i cde bank xe din hudng ca 6 t6 - may kéo; git dugc hudng chytéa dong 4 cho cia 6 16 - méy kéo; dim bao méi quan he Can thiét ve g6c quay vong cia céc bénh xe din hdng; 6 dong hoc ding cha cdc Shan tit khi thye hign quay vong 010 - méy kéo w cd hei phia v2 dong hoc ding cia don quay ngang Khi o6 sv bién dang cia bo pham dan NOi Hing 13, Met edt van tncge cum cudng ‘he th6ng treo. héa he thng 1éi. M6i tuong quan can thiGt ve g6c quay Vong cia cdc banh xe dn hudng dugc dim bio blag 6: edu cla hinh thang lai. Tt cd nhitng yeu edueda Iai phy thude vo cong hoc cia cdc phin ti cia he thong din dong léi va dong’hiog eta doa quay aba eae . * Do ciing ca dan dong 14i can phai dat 167 gid tr] 1dn nhSt theo. Kha nang co thé. Khi do cling khong di, he thOng don cia din dong lai sé bién thanh mach dao ddng va gay nea sig luc lic (Ay) cia che bénh xe din hudng va 6 dah hudng xu t6i do, 6a Giabchtiyén dong eta 6 (0 = my Keo, Ngoai ra, sé phé héag ti s6/d9 chum cia cfc-banh xe, dia dén mon I6p nhank va tang m2: tie hao mhien lieu. Vi vay, hi phai dim bao do hd cn thigt gita dong 09 hoc cau chi dong p Hinh 14: Co edu tdi t6 hap: a) Truc vit - € cw bi- bénh rang quyt. ) Truc vit va cdc khusu cho hai truc don quay ditng. 18Ou de kg shee ce ou dee PRED 60 BRE NG sHoag hung. Céc khdp che bi mon. 9 khe £3 oa ede oF taj los! Rade sew Aidong tae cia ch6t Bu (Hiab 15.0; 16 v.27). O trang 16n GE 08 thé cén Iai nhitng tdc Cong doc thes then’ res oh: wren aut dudag gh ghd va trén duding vag, Vi vay cf ‘tong €61 16n ola khdp che load nay. KAi chide &é, 4 Keo ngang 06 thé thita nhgn bing 8 ~ aa 183 y kéo chay€y doug go én ‘xu {rong cée khép bu cba theah rong fink de: len cdc bénk xe din hudag khi xe chd S. Kady ebae 4) ¥6i cde mitng dtm dét chibu true; 2) vdi ete ming dém dat ngang: ¢} v6l ede ming dém dat bink chém: 4) v6i khdp didu chink (mtty kéo MT3-50 v8 7-40) J chdt clu; 2ndp day; S-ming dem: +1330; S-chup che bul; 5- dém dan hi; Hinh 16, Thanh kéo ngang A) Khép chu 06 Id xo néa dat hudng tree. (fink 15 b va cva hin 18) {Lodi aay hota thien hon loai khép ctu triah bay @ txéa, vi Me dy 10 x0 tde yng doc theo 19Hinh 17. Thank kée doc. tong trye cha ch6t cu voi mot tej s6 khong S6a, Lye may chi c&a én hon mot chat luc quén tinh phat sinh do kh6i iuong cia thank kéo Khi xe chuyén dOng tren mgt dong gd ghd. Them vao d6, b8 mat tiép xtc tam viee cia ioai khép cu nay cing thidng Ida, do 46 che BB mat Qu bj mai mon it hon loa tren, Khép cha logi nay dang ngty cang dite sit dung rong 74i trén céc loai 0 10 - méy kéo loai méi. Hin 18. Khdp olin & Mot 6 vas lite va yeu chu co bie cata thank kéo vdi don: GBI vai céc chi tét cia bé théng lai: i-ndp déy; ios 2-10 x0; * Cle chi tit cia c&p trap Ive 06 Pepcireten rss cfu ai thing duge ché tao tt aniIng VALS eine aa, ding 6 ché tg0 bank ring va rye hOD $50 5. aide item; 10 - my kéo, d6 1a céc loai thép hop kim: 20 6 Chup che bud XH4A, 12XHBA, 15 XTHTA, 18 XPT, 40X, 7 Chdt clus SSE... D6i vi ede logi thép x¢-men-tit, Lip xe-min-tit ln dat 16i dd sau 0,9 + 1,2 mm. Do citng tren be mat lam vige ca chi tiét d6i véi tt c@ cdc loal thép: HRC 56 + 63. D9 cing 316i: HRC30 + 40. ‘ 7 Cacste cia 00 cfu ~ Chét chu: thép hop kim 12 XH3A, x¢-men-tit du chu va phn chuoi kink chia ti d9 saw 1,5 + 3,0 mm va t0i dat do citng HRCS6 - 63; Trvdng hop ché tao tit thép 40 XH, ch6t clu duge nhi¢t luygn bang dong diga cao tan. Dé trénh mhOng vét ran nit, céc géc lugn ols chét cd duge culng héa bang phitong phép cin lin, <** + Che doan trye 6 du thanh kéo duge ché tgo ti thép 35, 40 va 45; doi khi tt cdc iosi hep ‘gp kim. - Thanh kéo: tit thép Sng 20. 20- Cac don guay ngang, don quay diing vi cxc ddn truybn Ive Khéc cia dn dong I4i dupe eda tw céc loai thep 38 X, 40.X, 40 XH. d- Tinh bio mgt 5 cht tit cia be thong Iai: DE tinh ben cdc chi titt cia he thOng Idi, cn phan tich ay di vb ché d Ten chéng theo so 4 86 tri cy thé va chon triide vat Higu. Dui 1G cha you cba he thong Idi: Bi6i thige coh 1) Vinh tay Kat va trye lai: * Duong kinh vanh tay Iai (+0 - Hang) duoc chon theo ching Logi v8 trong ivgng cia 6 16 - dy keo, cling nhw e6 hay khOng c6 cudng h6a trong hg ting Idi. DOI vdi 0 10 abd, dudng kink vanh tay Ji khoang 380 mm; cdn d6i voi 6 £0 Ion khong c6 cudng h6a Idi D, = $50 tam. Duong inh vanh tay I4i ea my kéo D, = 425 va 480 mm. Moay-o cla vanh tay léi dugc 4p vao «isu cba cba trye Idi bang khdp n6i then hoa (36 then tam gide} hodc then bén nguy¢t. * Dudng kin trye Iai: cde tea 21 VO27, ised Ung suat cho phep t, $ 600 KG/cm?, Ung sudt cha d9p trong khép n6i thes hoa [oq] = 500 + 600 KG/cm2, Truong hop (uc Idi bao ghm cfc phn ritng bigt n6i vd akiau bing kkép céc-dang thi sang chat thap cac-ding dude tinh theo uén va elt véi [ 0, ] = 500 + 600 KG/em? va [ x, ] = 200 + 300 KG/em? - 2) Cap truyen Ive trye vit - bank ring hinh guat: * Tinh ding sudt u6n céc ring cha bank rang hink qugt: 4B RPyesack bt3c0s4y Oday: |. n- chidu cdo cia'rang bank ring kink quat b- BB rong cia rang bénh ring hinh quat + bude zen ca trye vit (em); ‘y+ goc'aghieng cda dudng zen vit. {¢] = 5000 + 6000 KG/cm?. 1 Xéc dinh 49 vong eva tryc vit va tryc bénh rang hinh quat. DO voug tng cong khong duc: vugt qua 0,3 + 0,5 mm. (22) 3) Cép truyta tye trye vit - teu: a ‘Tiph iing sudt c&t ca dudng zen ecu: 21wt + xdhiR |e Ou: Q; - Ive eye dai téc dung vio thank kéo doe (KG) + Ly + cdnb tay dda cla ddn quay ditng (em) (Hak $9) je chidu cao eta dudng 2 (em); é-auong kin! ug cba iC zen eu (er i- 36 zon vit tren chidu dai cia Cou, R- ban kink eva khuyu Cor (crm); [fq = 600 + 200 KGjer" Hinh 19. So d& dé tink a- Cép tree truyén vit lim (1) vd con lan (2) b» Don quay ditnig;s ¢- Céc thanh kéo. 4).Cap trayta Wc true vit lim - con lens, “Tinh ding sus “An dap : t a= ee ey 7 O day: F- lye chitu tye, T = (1, - én kink ea khuju voi con lan); : F. dign ch ip xe dng v6i hai rang a khdp (Hinh 1,8) “Fe (yy-sine) €2- ving) a 5) Don quay ding: ‘Tinh ub vi xodn do 146 anny eis we eye dai a Qi Ung suit un: 3, © @) i wy «mo men ching wn ii tet dien A ~ +A (Hich 19,b) [oy] = 1596 + 2000 KG/em?, fi peat ve zl 22oS men ch6ng xoda: It, } = 500 + 800 KGjem §} Thanh kéo: ‘Dusc tinh theo aén va uSa doc. Lye eye dai téc dung ién thank kéo doc bang Q, Luc cus dai tée dung lén thank kéo ngang d6i véi he thSng I4i c6 2 thauh ido agang (wae tren hinh 19,¢) 12 S' va S". Di voi may Kéo, 8’ vA S" o6 thé xée dink theo tdi trong dai 8 cu Gy 05G,— we s=056, 4 WEI, * Ung sudt u6n doc: yg = PE, @ Fy E- m0 dun dan hOi khi kéo, bing 2.106 KG/em%, J,- momen quén tinh cia dét diem thanh kéo, d6i véi tiét diga 6ng 3, = 9,069 (D*- 2); (D vad - duong kinh ngoai va dudag kin trong cia Gng); FR, - dign tich tét diga thank kéo, , ~ 0,785 (D2 - 4?) 4,-chitw dai thanh kéo, * Ung suat nén cia: Qs = thanh kéo dpe: cy = (28 x s - thanh kéo ngang: 0”, =——— (29) F * Do di trt én dinn cia thanh kéo trong nhiing ket efu hod thi¢n: o aE, Rg = = St (30; % QF ea PEP, va Bog = Hh = 6 en oa sr, wal, momen quén tink cia tiét dign va chiBu dai thank kéo ngang). 7) Khdp chu cba dn dong lai: 2Chan ch6t cau duge tinh theo c&t va ubn 4 vi tri agam. Mat ctu lam vite cia chét dugc kiém 23tra theo tng sudt chen dap, bOi yc c¥c dai tac dyng tren thanh kCo. [eq] = 250 + 350 KE ip? + Dung kin’ mat che cia cht c6 thé chon so BO theo ti trong tink t4c dung lén cée bank xe dfn hudng Gy: [ @Kkey 0-600 | 600-900) 900-1250 | 1250 - 1600 1 | d,(mum) 2 23 | 32 GS (Ke) 1600-2400] 2400 - 3400] 3400 - 4900] 4900 - 7000 d.(mm) 35 i 40 4S 50 * G6c Ife cia khp Ify bang + 18° Chis $: do diac diém lam vige cia he thOng Idi 6 10 - may kéo Ta: chéng thidng xuyéa Lam vige 8 nhitng ge 4 quay vong khong lén cia céc bénh xe din hudng, vi vay dé tanh hign tong ket rang trong co fu Iai khi quay vong 0 nhtng g6c do l6n cia bank xe dn hudng (sau khi di ditu chinh d6 06 dude sv an khép khong c6 khe hd 8 vj tri gitta) khi thiét ké co cfu Idi can phai tao duge ahiing khe hd Khdc hau trong cip truybn Iyc cla chang. Dudi day trinh bay bi¢n phép dé gidi quyét yeu lu n6i trén d& dude thyc hign 8 6 cfu I4i cia 6 10 MAZ - 500 A va KPAZ.- 251 (loai true vit - ecu bi - thanh khia - béinh rng hinh quat) Co cfu Idi Joi nay c6 hai cdp truytn Ive: Truc vit - écu - bi va ecu - thanh khia - bénh ring hinh quat (Hinh 20) Hinh 20. Co ct Idi logi truc vit - écu bi thank khia - bénh rang quat. * Cap truyta luc tryc vit - écu bi c6 do chinh xéc ch€ tao, Ip ghép va do bem ft cao, khong itu cbinh trong qué trinh sit dung. Truc vit (6) va & cu (4) duge ldp ghép vdi nhau thong qua 102 24Haan tam nom que 0,002 mm theo dudag kink ide shét. Kit che igo, tryc vit v2 Gcu duge phew Tans b6n abbr, D5 6 duge sy asp OE Khong cO Khe WO céa trye vit va Ces, vie cagn dp cfe cht 4iGt chi cho phép theo mot Ahm, Prrofin cha dedag rink g URE vil va écu 06 dang 26-1 6 dBm bio su ty xtc DOn ciém wong dating rank vi ayer fe * Cap tray’ ive Eou- thank khia v2 bénh rang Rink quai: Nhu ta d8 biét, mot | han 16 o6 anh hung Wa s6i do Gx inh chuyén dong thdng ctta 0 10 - méy kéo fh khe hd trong cap ruyba Ive ca c0 ofu i4i, Vi vay, sy dx Khdp cle béah rang quai v6i écu - thank khia khi xe chuyén Gong thing cin phai khOag o6 ithe bd. Ung v xe quay vong, s¥ dn khép c6 tht oS khe bd, vi iby ign 1 Ac Khe bb nay khong fam Sah budng nhidu t6i sy Him vie cia he thOng I4i. Dé dare bao ey an khdp KhOng of Kho hé @ vi ir! gia trong ton bO ehdi gien st deng cte 6 cfu Iéi vi Khong bj Ket sang é céc vj tri khdc, céc rang ofa bank rang quat cln phi c6 b2 dy khdc ahau: ring gia lén nbét va gid dan re hai ben, BE day cds cic rang cfs iru 12 aby ahav. Didu nay cho phép nbgn duge abiing khe hd khdc nhau trong cap truy’n ie: tng din ra hai ben Unb 10 vf iri da khop gia, BY @y Kbdc niaw cia céc rang bénb ing quat abla duce Zhi oft ching bang cdch dich chuyén dudug tam cla dao oft 46i voi duong tam sta true. Doi w cle ldi MAZ - 500 A, Khoang dich chuyén nty a = OS mm; K KhGp s€ thay di theo dung cong niéu thj tren hinh 21. ‘Tu aaing dubag cong bie thi sy thay G61 AS ting vdi che gia tren hinh 21 cho chéng t= tidy: mo trong mhiing biga yidy 6b cdc tang cia bank cing quai oo 6 Kho hé AS trong cap rang an khde abou cla tm dao eft Qué 265 phe aang cao tu6i thy ao me 0 20 30 Ba? Hinh 22: Sif thay @6i Khe hd SS trong clip riing ting vai a6 dick chuyén n knbe nha che thm dao colt rdng Bink ring quot. cdc co cfu Idi 1 tang Khe hd giita cic rang 8 mép ngodi cing iéi tr) o6 Jon hon khe hd phét sinh do mai mon cia cfc ring 8 gitla, Gid tri cla n dugc xtc dinh theo nhing 36 Yeu thyc nghigm cho ting loai co cfu 14i. IIL THIET KE CUONG HOA LAE D6 rit agin thoi gian quay vong, gldm abe tao dong cia ngudi i va nang cao tinh an toae ‘huyén dong cia rc, (rn mhidu logi 6 10 - mfy kéo hien nay ngudi ta 06 b6 tri cudng béa Idi: ie ba Idi c6 hai Jogi co ban sau day: khi nén va thiy luc. So vdi cuBng béa i4i khi née, {gif Boa 14i shy luc 66 ret mbit wea dim (ah dB phan tick trong piso trinh “Thiet ké v2 tink tosh 0.10 May &éo"), vi vay hign nay 26 dang duge sit dung cng r8i tren abide logi 0 16 my kéo. 25VT iro Ten va hye cho My do ti fp 0, ido teink may ching t6i lye ghm o6: bom cing véi biah ehita du; bO phan phan ph6i cling voi co Si co chu st dung (ai lank Ic) #7 16 vét lee dat Ic, dB ta0 lye Cudng ba shi dy dgag, cO ce nay sé fat ng vao vanh tay Idi va géc quay cla n6 va co ilu st dung duge ché tgo dudi é } gd lan xe din hudn: ln thiGt ihm quay vong « + Cuong héa Idi can phai théa man nhitng you chu sau: 0 10- may Keo he nhang, bio ids chit thy cong dong hoe, chb: ting voi mOi gbe quay cla vanh tay 1c quay adc dinh cia che bénhxe dn huéng. = De cham tde dong tinh chit tay dong dng hyo, 6 nghia "ebm gidc ca dudng", duge the higa 8 ch6: cia iye cin quay voag. + Che thong s& es ban dé Sanh gié eudag 16 quay vong 6 10 ng H, bling ty sO gitta Ivo dat vao van tay | Khong c6 eng boa P, va khi co cudag h6a P’y, @2) H duge chon theo ching foai xe dé vila dim bao tha min abting yeu clu cia he thOng lai cd +4 cing hda va vite dim bio tuéi tho ofa 16p. Thuong chon H - Cui s6 téc dung phin ting eta bo ottdng hée t6i van tay Idi z. Chi s6 may phai di 16n 46 git duge cdm gide cde ngudi Idi vai chat lvong cla mat dudng, vi vay n6 18 mOt wong bing chi tioe quan trong cia hg thOag Idi. Chi s6 ude dyng phan ting duge bia thf bing ty 36 gitta céc 56 gia cha di Khi c6 cubng héa AP’, va khi khong 06 cuBng héa AP: lye trén van tay AP re 3) AP, aa £ Chi s6 x ph thuge chi you vo vige tink toda ede thong s6 cba budng phan dng cba bo phan didu khidm Trudag hop cudag hoa Idi khong 06 budng phan ding, + 26vcd ide dung a 66 cee duge née dink bang 56: 9 thuge vio cdc thong 6 KE WB 6 citng thudn nghich oz a Wc Py clr thidt d3t vanh tay es cng hoa bat du lam vige. Gai aghick duoc de trung bing Ive T tac dung tren chan kéo doc va Ong vOi Kee nby cubng iba bét de lam vite tit phia ode banh xe dln hudng, Céc Tye may duce xéedink nhv sen: PoaR—— (343; : iy im @5) 6 day: R - luc cin ghi cia van phan ph6i, iy vhy 5-968 higu vanh tay 1éi t6i con invgt ca van phan ph Chuga of truytn i, 872-97 96 woyta va higu sudt ughich oa truyén Iie ut thank kéo dge t6i van phan phéi, 2- S6.dib bS tet 0 cfiu tai va eubing héa trén 6 16 - may kéo: He thong lai 0b cubug hea thiy iye 1 he thong tty dong vi moi quan he nghich dio; vi vay st dc dong nhanh cla he thong I4i va 40 Gn dink cia né phe thuge rit nhide vao vj tri wong quan ota tling Khaw (cum) ring biet va vao dc tinh quan h@ ofa ching, ‘Bom thiy Ive Ha mot cym rieng, thudng duge dai 8 dong co, Céc cum cdn lai cia cudng héa £6 th duge b6 tri trén 6 10 - may kéo theo mot trong b6n $0.4 sau: 1) Xi lanh lve va van phn ph6i duge b6 ti trong 0 edu i (Hinh 22), 2) Van phan phi 86 tri lita véi xi lagh Hye, cbn co cu 141 18 mot cum rieng bigt. 3) Van phan ph6i duge dat trong co cdu Idi, cda xi lank ye 12 mot cym rieng dat 5 dn doug 4) Van phn phéi, xi lank lye va co eu I6i Th ahting cum rigng bict, * Ung v6i nhing ni mea can quay vong khong lon {phu thuge vio tai trong dat trea cdc bank xe dda huéng), sit dung sod thit ahét 1a o6 toi hon ci. O trudmg hop nay, co cfu lai cing chung mot cym véi xi Ianh lye va van phan phéi nén rdt gon va dé dang b6 iri tren xe. Ngoai ra, s¢ @ nay con 06 cdc wu diém sau: chidu dai dudng ng din Ia ngdin abst vA thyc t€ trénh duige kha nang phat sinh dao dong cia céc banh xe din hudng do st khong 6n dinh dong lye cia cuBng héa say nen. : Nhwge diém cia so d b6 tri nay 1a hu nhu tt cd céc chi tit cia he thing 16% phai chiu tée dung cla"momen can quay vong todn bp eda banh xe din hung, ditu nay lam iang 49 bien dang an WOE cla he thOng Idi va hu qua 1A Jam tng Ehd ndng phit sinh dao dong cia cfc bink xe du 2728civ dng. Vi viy Hing logi xe 6 ti tie. ren cfc bark xe din hudag (momen can quay vong on), St dung so & 06 tang Ea6i lugag cla cdc ong ve co cfs Ii, khung xe. Titu chudn Lien X0 quy dink: Losi sod Tent sil dung cho 6 (6 6 EhOi lugng dat irén cdc bénk xe din hnidng ti 2,5 dén AT (trong ahitag trtdng kop 426 bigt cho phép 6157). * Hien nay, hing loat xe 06 KhOi iuong eat tien cdo bénh xe din huéng Ién hon ST (Vi dy: MAZ, KpAZ....) ngvi ta thing sit dung so db 66 i Gink 23, Citing 6a b6 tri theo kiéu aay cho phép st dung duoc nhitu Logi od ou Idi hdc nha. Tuy nhiga, khuynh huGng gay nen sy¥f Jz0 dong cia cée bénh xe dim hung cha so d b6 nay 8 cao hon so vdi evdng ha duige b6 ti theo so dd L Khi thi nghi¢m co cfu Ibi va cudng héa b6 tri theo so & IL tren nhiing 6 t6 MAZ sép sin xust, 06 tai trong itn Qu inde OT da cho biet rang: khi tang avong kink cia xi lanh Iyc, 56 & nay khOng dim bao théa man duge yeu clu v isi nhe, bai vi Khi quay voug abtiag Ive thanh phn ben tac dung vo don quay diing tit thanh kéo doc (Iyc thanh phn hudng kink téc dung len vé cita van phan ph6i) sé cin trd sy djch chuyée cia con trugt vA chink vi nguyen aban nay Tam tang dang ké Ic 6 vanh tay Idi, Ngoai ra, kai phii tang divong Kinh xi lanh Ive sé gay Kh6 khan I6n cho vite 06 tri cung h6a ‘tren abing loai xe 06 tinh nang thong qua cao (sit dung l6p 06 pro-fin rong) vi vj tri gita dim (khung) doe va bénh xe bj han ché. + So & b6 tri thi ba so véi so dB TE Adi hdi ph&i c6 chidu dai dudng Ong din lon. Nhung n6 06 cée ww dim sau: co cfu Idi duge gidm tai Khdi Ive tde dung cia cutdng hoa (so véi so dD 1) va cong sudt cla cwong hoa d& dang thay 46i do xi lank Iye c6 thé duge n6i véi mot khau bat ky nao cba din dong Idi. Chih vi nhitng wu diém nay ma so d& b6 tri IIT dude sit dyng’khé rong rli trong nginh ché t20 010 thé idk. ola Re thong dn ofng nh gid 8 06 of 16i vO VOOS-ZVN 04.9 m9 191 NOY BuEND “Ee HHL 2930* So. @ 6 wf thi te Glink 24) uong Sng din 1 dai nhét va 48 ob Khuynh hung fam dao dong ofc bénh AG cling 6 nhiing wu diém vé sit dung céc co cu Idi tieu chudn niu so @ II va khd ning b6 tri xijank ive trong h¢ thOng dn dong Isi abu s6 €® TEL 3. Két edu exfing héa thity tye: Cxdng héa thily ive duce phan logi khOng ehlng chi bang céch b6 iri cc cum ma odn theo Két cfu ca cym van phan ph ‘iu A - Van phan ph6i c6 pitong phan ting va 10 xo dinh tam (6 <6 ZIL, KAMAZ....) Kida B - Ven phan ph6i o6 ign tick phin sing va coa trugt tf dink tam (6 10 MAZ, KpAZ....) Kiéu C- Van phan ph6i cd 10 xo djmh tam con trugt (6 to BELAZ,...) ‘Van phan pai kigu Ava B duge coi 18 hod thign kon cé vi chéng dim bao khOng mhiing chi fink chét ty dong dng hoc ma cdn cd tinh chat tay dong dong luc, tte & gitt duge cdmm gléc cle nati Ie so véi chit Iuong mat dudng, Van phan phi kidu B ob dy da tink chét niu kiéu A nhung on gian hon. Nhuge diém ola kiéu B Ia of Khuynh budng d& bj ghi aghich déo cudag nba Khi xe chay ten dudng x6c, dite nay 06 thé din dén sy Itc Ic (vEy) cba céc bénh xe) dn hudag. Van phen phi ki€e C thudng duoc sit dung cho he th6ng I4i c6 cuOng hoa thy lye ofa ahGng loai 0 10 I6n va méy kéo phdi lam vige 8 ahiing dja hinh phitc tao. Vid nhiing trudng hop nay, sy truyéa Ive phéa dng lea vanh ‘ay isi sé Lam tang do met méi cila ngudi Iai, 4 Bom eng his Bom cubag héa la cym phite tap va chu t4i 16n what cia he thong cudng hoa thiy Ie. Didu Eién Jam viée nang nhoc ci2 bom. Bay nén di ché dO tai trong thay d6i J6n, ding sudt nhigt cao (89 AA Hinh 25. Bom ki€u cénh gat. 31n digi 62 100 = 510°C) vB moi wrubng BAL Ig xung quan. Bom each got tee dung ke nk 25} duge of dung khé rong r2i trong he chug ovtng hoa : kt ca va cOng nghe tucng d6i don gidn so véi khong chi bom 2 c& dim benk rang va duoc sit dung dé iam vite khi dp sudi dat t61 70 KG/om?, Bom ¢ shude va EhGi Iugng abo vd wae va 6 68 cuigc gidm ti Kh: duos 18 nbd sau mot vdng quay ce truc, bom thye bigm hai chu ky ang kink. Dw a Batya bo ie duge st dung vi tas ing ve 6 0 pha cée pro-fi iam go ols cc bana zing iogi bom may s& din t6i lam gidm hige sudt dung ivong, izong khi d6 sy mon cba prd-fin sie-to vi oll cic bY mat chnh gat tiép xc voi a6 cha bom cénh gat Bu ahi khong Ham anh hudag t6i hige sudt dung luong. Bang duéi day itink bay so db va dc tins ofa bom pit-tong va bom 16-to: BANGB Dac tiak véi cdc pit-t6ng 66 tri hudag kink (Hint sudt lon nhat Prax $300 KG/em, Higu suds tng cong az Dung tich lam viee: qy = 0,785 @2m (R; - Ry} Qq = 157 ze Voi céc pit-tong b6 ti chidu tryc (Hin 27) Ap sudt ln ahat Pmex 350 KG/em, Hieu suft tng cong 1D = 1 = 0,95 ‘Dung tich lam vide: q = 0,785 d®Dsina Ghi chit: 4 - duiong kinh xi-lanhs D- duéng kink i cia ming d¢m lam vi¢c; e - khodng i¢ch tam; m-s6 4 ES vu Ii cia vong; z - $6 xi lanh; a - g6c nghitng cia bs 5 miéng dem hoge than xi-lank; 7,- hi¢u sudt co gidis Ainh 27 71g higu sust dung tugng (thé tich) 8Bom 160 tong cong i y i Dung tich iam viec Bora 76 to kid eink gai (Hink 30) Ap saat I6n abt Prax © 100 KG/em, | Higu seat téng cong ‘ TS =TT | = 970+ 0,75 Dang tick lam vige: 4 = fx (D-0,5e) - sz] be <86i véi loai don) q=2[ (D-O5e) - Sz} be (S61 véi loai kép) to kids eruc vit (3 tye) (Hink 31) Ap subtl6n what Pax * 150 KG/em, ing voi L = ST Higu sudt t6ng cong BZA o = O75 + 0,80 Dung tich lam vige: “ qeht+4isa Ghi cha; b - bd rong cia bénk rang hoae cénh gat - khong I¢ch tam; F- diéa tich tiét dien. cls dvong'ranh true vit; m- mo dun cia bénh rang; t buéc cia trye vit; z- $6 rang hodc s6 cénh gat. 33j Nangsutt 2 Ap sats vec | S00vIo We MPA rkGreMy 3a wane | ~ | : L wp ee P 76 r se + [ gs-100) ida hon | i 2 Po | i { i : | dase i sp i j eee Poy i i t i 7 | 1 [ | i ; ware | | | i i | ‘Tex chugs Lice Xo khong xée dink kiéu bom. Tuy ahién, xuSt phét tit ating obi e6 duge 268 G bing wen ve cin cl vao abiing 66 ligu thie nghiém do duoc 3 bang tren va can cif vo nhiag fem do duce a céc iogi bom céah quat va bom bénh ring ngudi ia thy ving: cde ‘dah gai ch: théa man d6i véi mhting 6 t6 - may kéo c6 tai trong lea cdc bank xe ~ 497 Doi véi abiing 0 10 - may kéo c6 ti trong lén cde bénh xe din hing ti } nen sit dung bom bénk rang. ig cho chting ta thay rling: 46% voi nhttng loai xe c6 mot irue dm hung va xi tank Ic duoc 06 tri rieng x6 thi na gidi han bang hai dudng kinh trong 50 va 70 mm, Khi d6, mot Shoang rong cia hank trinh Lam vige (ti 180 dén 320 mm) sé dim bio cong sud: cn thiét cla cubng héa gé quay vong cde bénb xe din hudag khi tai trong lén ching thay d6i tit2,5 a6u 7,07. Te bang trea 6+ Tink ening héa liz A: Nhilng tiéu ehudn co ban Adi véi cudng héa: 4) Dé nha dude bén kink quay vong 16i thiéu khi xe chuyén dong vOi van t6c idn cn tang 6c 40 quay ciia vanh tay 14i, Cong sudt tie hao ‘eda ngudi ldi dé quay vanh tay Iai: Aw __ Mee ae ty in+ gOc quay eda tac Iai (49) «8 vf lye dat vho ve: i + van We goo cba v2 js Bi gian quay vOng (s} Omen cla quay voag & cdc bénh xe din hudng. ayn va higu sudt cla he th6ng Idi | TRI gian q ; DE sat ugh mn quay vong, giém ahe cOng sic cla agi Léi va giam Ive trang bink dat ' vao vanh tay lét t6i gid iri quy dink (vi du: B, culdng 6a cho he ihOng ti voag x2 chay véi van to2 + 3 m/s khong duge vugi qué 2,5 s. 3 KG d6i vi céc may key bank xe) thi cdn 66 tri ‘ay L4i GS gai cudng 6a (46i vOi loai van phan ph6i c6 18 xo dink tam): / Q+2z + 4XG G8) Seay: Q- ine sang ban Bu cla cde 1d xo dink tam. I Z- tng ive cn dick chuyén ctla con trugt (thvdng 2 = 0) 2 7, 1996 troy’a vd Bleu suds truyn ie ti con trot tdi vach tay Idi ©) GOc quay khong tdi y,, cla vanb tay lai t6i thoi diém bét du te dong ola cudng Roa (40 nhay ofa eutng ha): P= F 6% 6 day: 4° - ban trink cla con trugt t6i Ine bét Gu che kia rink thodt @u (dong dau ra) {xem binh 32] 8) Géc quay ty do toda bO y’, cila vanh tay 14i Khi cuOng hoa ‘Khong 2am viée khong duce tgs qué 24 x a 7 5 40 oH iS (— = 30 + 35° (40) BR BeCG ty? Oats: A. the hé mot phia, bing mOt nla hanh trinh cia con truot tit mép ngoai cing ben may sa snép bén kia (xem hinh 32) ng36 Hinh 32. Sa a3 edu tao ala atong hoe li: 4) Van phan phdi ciing v6i xi lank lec dat trong thank kéo doc. 5) Xi lank luc va van phan phot dét riéng 7é Arén che thanh kéo. ¢) Xi lank luc va van phan phdi dét trong cd edu lai. 1-Dén quay ditng. 2: Don ide. 3- Thank kéo doc. 4 Ld x0 dinh tem. 5-Contrigt. 6- Dé tua 0B dink, 7- Pit-téng phan ting. 8 Ch8t dink tam.©} Luc cin gai aghich d30 cubng hos «a of bint xe dia budng: Qez “43) 272 Dé nang cao tinh Ga dink chuyEa dong, ngub! ta thudng thiCi KE i, < 1 vA mong mx setigt duage ay fa con bom, nhitng kich thude o0 bén oda van h lam viee cha ho thong din dong Iii cing véi cudng hoa. Tink din udag ni d& trink bay 8 pn tee Et cia be thOng xdc Sink ir] 86 mO-men cn quay vong ciia cdc bénh xe (muc (2}: "Kae dink ché tp tai trong 06 tinh ben cée chi Tit gis tr} cutbng hoa 46%, b) Xéc dinh kick thuée ca xi lank Ive: He thdag Msi o6 cvdag béo truyta mot phiia mb-men cdn quay voag cla edo bénh xe din huéng 181 tay agudi Idi dé lun git duos cém gidc cla ho d6i voi chit Iugng cia mat dudng (irit mOt $6 trudag hop dic diet dé triah bay 6 phan tea di vOi che 6 10 - may kéo 16m phai Jam viée trong nhitng dit kign wang nhoc). Néa ahi quy diab iye eye dai ola ngubi ldi dai vao vik tay [Si 3 he thong lai 06 cuing h6a phai mam trong mot gi6i han ndo d6 (Vi dy: 16 KG) thi ta sé xée djah duge phin tram momen ca quay vong cla céc bdnh xe dn huéng duce thu akén BO! ngudi I4i va bai cudng hoa. ‘Tir phn tram mo men cén thu nhgn bdi evng héa, va Gila vo so dd BO iri cla he thing Ii va oie thong s6 chon, ta sé dé dang xac djnh Cuge Kich thudc cia xi-lanh lye, bao gm: dudag kink céa xi lanh va hank trink cia pit-tong. c) X4c dinh nang sudt cia bom: Nang sudt cla bom duge xéc dinh tif ditu kien fa lam thé nao 4é xi lanh Ive cla cudng héa phai kip Rim quay céc bénh xe dfn hudag abanh hoo dita co thé Iam duge ola ngudi Idi. New ‘khong dam bao duge ditu ki¢n aby thi tng véi nhiing wn hop quay vong nhanh, agudi Mi sé hai tieu hao motive ién Khong nhing dé thing Ic cin quay vong 8 ede bénh xe din hudag, md obn dé day du di chuyén tir phn ben nay sang phn ben kia cia xi-lanh luc, vi bom khong kip nap dy sy tang thé tich ca phn Jam vite cia xi-lanh. Dé théa man ditu kien tren, c&n co: a as Qy7, (1-6) = F—— (42) i oT» (1-4) i (42)te cba bom, ms cha bom d Sp suat 05p..., Ghi cht: * DOi v6i cubug hoa 06 xi lank trong than kéo doc: (44) chitu di don quey ding By 86 vong quay eye dui cia vanh tay tai do ngubi lai (theo 56 ligu thye nghi¢m: 46i i910 tdi 16x n, = GD + 70 vip; 46% vi may kéo m, = 90 vip), sO truyta ca co ode Ii ° DSi véi cubng héa 66 xi ten luc dae trong c6 cau Idi: ds i eg tiae ay S day: 4, - dwong kink true vit (theo ‘vOong (rn ban du), ‘y+ BOc nghieng cha dudng zen vit. * Higa sudt thé tich cia bom cénh gat bang 0,75 + 085 8 4p sust 60 KG/em? (theo s6 lige cae ZIL) * Thong thudng, ning sudt tink ton eta bom phai dat duigc & $6 vong quay eta ding co c20 hon s6 vong quay khong t8i Khong qué 25% v8 ép sudt 0,5 Prac Ung véi mhitng s6 vong quay lén, nang sudt cia bom phai dugc han ch€ bing van vu lvgng. * DOi voi may k6o, nang sust tinh ton cia bom con dugexse dink bang cdng thitc sau: Q, = 41s 4) 30 day: 1,1 - he s6 tink dén sy ot du trong con trugt céa van phan phi. ny - 6 vong quay cc dai c6 thé dat duge cia ngudi Idi: a, < 90: +P ~ £6 quay cba vanh tay léi dé dat chuyén céc bénh xe din huéng tit mép ngodi cing {ben nay sang mép ngoai cling ben kia (rad) 38