REVIEWER IN READING AND WRITING SKILLS

WEEK 1 TOPICS
READING
 Reading – is the cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from a
text.
 Previewing – means looking at the readily visible parts of the text.
 Skimming – means you look for the main points of the text.
 Scanning – mean you look for the specific information.
 Narrative text – it narrates or tells a story.
 Characters – are the people, animals or things that act in the story.
 Setting – tells where and when the story happens.
 Plot – the sequence of events in the story.
 Exposition – this is the beginning of the story.
 Rising action/complication – this is the part where the tension of the problem
starts to build up.
 Climax – this is the heightened part of the story where the problem reaches its
peak.
 Falling action – this is the part of the story where the problem starts to be
resolved.
 Resolution/Denouement – this is the final part of the story where the problem is
solved.
. Narrative text -is a type of text that narrates or tells a story. It has significant
elements such as characters, setting, theme, plot and others.

WEEK 2-3 TOPICS

PROPERTIES OF A WELL- WRITTEN TEXT
A. ORGANIZATION
Organization pertains to how the ideas in the text are organized. Academic text usually
follows the 3-part pattern that is made up of the introduction, body, and conclusion.
3-Part Pattern
a. The introduction has the hook statement and the thesis statement. It acts as the
head of the text.
1. Hook statement- catches the interest of the readers. It can be a question,
fact, research result, quotation and others.
2. Thesis statement- holds the main idea of the text.

b. The body elaborates further the points that support the thesis statement.
1. Topic sentence- main point that supports the thesis statement.
2. Supporting Details- range from reasons, examples, facts, and others.
3. Clinching sentence- this part reiterates the point in the paragraph. This part
is optional.
c. The conclusion summarizes the whole text and reiterates the thesis statement
and the topic sentences.

B. COHERENCE AND COHESION

 Coherence pertains to the logical arrangement of ideas in the text.
 Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a sentence. It holds the
ideas in the sentence together in order for it to be meaningful.
C. LANGUAGE USE
 Language use pertains to the type of language used in the text. Academic text
uses formal language which uses stricter grammar rules and vocabulary.
D. MECHANICS
 Mechanics pertains to writing with the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
Writers ensure that their works are seamless to deliver their message accurately
and efficiently.
CLAIM
One of the important skills needed in writing is formulating claims. Claim is the
argument, belief, or stand of the author in a text.
Claim of Fact asserts that something existed, exists, or will exist in the future. It is a
measurable statement through written evidence and reputable resources.
Claim of Value asserts judgment on whether something is desirable or not. Writers use
it to express what they like, what they do not like or which is better than the other.
Claim of Policy asserts that there is something that should be done or changed. This
calls for an action on a certain issue.

WEEK 4 TOPICS

INTERTEXTUALITY

Intertextuality is the modeling of a text`s meaning by another text.

Julia Kristeva- created the term from the Latin word intertext, which means “to
intermingle while weaving.”
HYPERTEXT

Hypertext is a nonlinear way of showing information. Hypertext connects topics on a

screen to related information, graphics, videos, and music-information is not simply
related to text.

WEEK 5-6 TOPICS

CRITICAL READING

Critical reading is a technique for discovering information and ideas within a text.
Critical thinking is a technique for evaluating information and ideas, for deciding what to
accept and believe.
REASONING

According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, reasoning is an act of giving statements for

justification and explanation.

ASSERTION

Declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else.

TYPES OF ASSERTION

1. Fact – statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of

witnesses, verified observations, or the result of research.

2. Convention – a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms.

3. Opinion – It is based on facts, but is difficult to objectively verify because of the

uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.

4. Preference – It is based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective and

cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.

FORMULATING EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS

Evaluative statement - it is a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength

and the weaknesses of something through writing.

Counterclaim – is the opposition you make about the claim of a writer.

DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

Textual evidence deals with facts in writing and the strategies used to figure out
whether or not the information is factual. 
Evidence is defined as the details given by the author to support his/her claim.