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Faecal Occult Blood Tests
Faecal Occult Blood Tests
Chemical Methods:
In this Test, Guaiac based reagents set in the laboratory setup, e.g. Amino-
phenazone test, or ready made reagent in kit is available.
Immunochemical Methods:
1- CHEMICAL METHODS:
These are the old-fashioned technique using guaiac based reagents which were
organized in the Laboratory, The conventional /standard tubes test have been
changed by kit method that are very precise and easy to use and are very low
cost.
PRINCIPLE OF TEST:
Trace amount of blood will give a positive results. If it is accessible ask the
patient or give instructions which he/she should follow at least 7 days before
the test and must endure over the test period. Patient guidelines contain both
drug and diet plans.
PROCEDURE OF TEST:
A paper slide is used for the test is which consists of paper squares
coated/smeared with guaiac reagent a chemical brought from tree resin. A small
part of stool specimen is smeared to the paper. Solution having hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) is applied to the paper. After the reaction,if the blood is present
in the stool specimen, the iron (Fe) in the hemoglobin catalyzes between guaiac
chemical in the paper and the H2O2. Blue color production will give positive
results and indicating the presence of stool in the specimen.
2- IMMUNO-CHEMICAL METHODS:
Modern technique for stool occult blood testing has been replaced to an
immuno-chemical testing that is specific for human hemoglobin protein.
PRINCIPLE:
PREPARTION OF PATIENT:
Because test is specific for human blood, no unusual drug or dietary boundaries
are compulsory. Though, women patients may not save specimen for 3 days
before, during or 3 days after their menstrual cycle, if they have bleeding
hemorrhoids, presence of blood in urine or exposed cuts on their hands.
PROCEDURE:
INTERPRETATION:
Positive result shows that abnormal bleeding is arising some place in the GI-
tract/Digestive tract. The most common sources of occult blood in tropical/hot
and in other developing countries are Hook-Worm infestation, Colitis,Peptic
Ulcer, and Bleeding from esophageal varices because of cirrhosis of the liver
organ. Other reason comprise carcinoma/cancer in the GI-Tract, Erosive
Gastritis Because of too much alcohol consumption, drugs or inflammatory
bowel diseases in patients.
INTERFERENCE FOR TEST:
In chemical methods, non-hemoglobin elements with per-oxidase action
maycon sequently create false positive results. Other constituents may restrict
with per-oxidase activity indication in the form of false negative reactions.
Animal Foods: Foods such as processed meats and Liver, in diet which consists
of Hemoglobin, Myoglobin and definite Enzymes.