Pre analytical phase

The preanalytic stage is crucial to the overall quality of the laboratory. The preanalytic
phase is made up of a variety of elements, including as the collection, handling, and
processing methods used to take a sample of blood or body fluid from a patient, that can
influence the outcome.

Analytical phase
Spectrophotometers measure light intensity as a function of wavelength and are commonly
used to measure the concentration of a compound in an aqueous solution.

The analytical phase entails carrying out the laboratory test, which includes measuring
the analyte, validating the result, and making the result available for review. The least
errors now happen in this step thanks to advancements in laboratory tests, automation,
enhanced quality control (QC) techniques, and calibration . The analytical phase has
become more uniform and interlaboratory variability have decreased as a result of assay
standardization. The adoption of external QC schemes by laboratories to frequently
assess their effectiveness during this phase has significantly decreased errors.
Post Analytical phase
The reporting of results to doctors, the exchange of important values, and turnaround time
(TAT) are all part of the postanalytical phase.
The clinician's reaction to a laboratory test result is referred to as the post-postanalytical
phase, last but not least. In theory, the laboratory shouldn't be in charge of this stage
either, but if it sends out inaccurate data, it could result in post-postanalytical problems.