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unt 4 Dale Pase no

8what ir micnlpteKor Wapl


dnvenMsIAY
IIf a prnwmmoble mulipapare, clock
înshuchion_fomMemar 9pr
elethDni devicethat tods binaxy
i t _ar per the nrhohnr ond
nLiNr_rd
Bimry dh ar înpt pniteie
pravider ar autpA

ongîn_nd Pvalvhon_ofmicmpoca.iar

Tnte 4004 19 y bit y msve hons


pmortahnaly
hrgEpnlpmmmabledeviceuhich was ued in_ Glolanoi-

Ink 0 4 b7tpme or 8 i n swhont


2 16 kb _memovr
pMas
-

C k Ge
ne(_ o0 1973,6 kb mon meri Usec
l ofo times fasder thon
Nmas tchrolbj
Smallcampdtrr werc design USin
inmid /9* _Vsn

(4809S_mp- 197S

_cloceGde 3 4Sec 16 ins wchon


Date

Sogg mP
m b _ o f moin Mem (8 bit mi(oprg or]_
aher mpn:vRments regicHers gnd largur instoCtpn
inghruCtpn

Tnt
Tnt SolS 198 2
16_bit mi Cr0pyocesfor
T Cantoin Special hordub lYke - programmable omi

Tnt So 6 L983- 86
S0386

Penfum1934)
3 3 6f+

Pentium
64 nb of main Memar minproceLy
k 6- bif mirnprxte Lky

Cherifilaton of mP (4P)a

Based dn rta bur


( sed dm chittchre

mData
Differnt UP_bated n datahondlng apacity
bit 8hity 6 bit 2-6it bit
Daie Page po

Based on Athitcto

RISC CIS Jpecial praceLforS

RISC A Stontsfor MdMId insmiction Set_Compuz


an 1nCNChOna
mokint- the hardwort epler b
Compied af fPhst tpr for ladi
evaluatin Gnd
Shann pavaion
he clerPer 1înstctions
mox RAm 1auirtd_

CAC omplex nsmChon Set Compderr


The bmrdua _ComplkX_betavie
g inale ntAnuthor
dConmplitherCaadingealUoHns_ a n d kann apeations
I minimi2 h Nmxr_of 0stwchancpe pqrom
put atthe os af ~ncEase in nmberof cle
_Per ins hwchbn

CISC
RTSC

Horduwort Cefoc Len C


efficient vse of RAM
omplex Gnd Vgrable lenst SimPl gnd stgndaalnstwchoh
of inSwths
Compoimd addrtsinj na imikdaddwm
Dait

omRmiribn blw Ro5 toV&

O Su (dota bu 8 6 phateSio b i t priijo

Adttre Chui 16 bt o bit


memay (Atsa) 166y kb mb
memaSegmendotio n t gmented Spaca i Jmented1

pipe linfng Aot Ppartd 2 pparkd9 has


Noinchithan gveve bt nS wCHONgeve

Not uPportd SUpportr


mlprate seing
cpesahng Mad Singla apexatn md sperahns Mades A_
Gei labu

IIP- o|pPo ts S
d t a bvs 6SS36

OArttomohic prt_pecimal nHa 0ecima inttun&


Dot ty( A SCI

fo clock spe2d 3MH3 5 OF (0mu


Perohng9 e
5 fogs 9 la

(2 h
Date age

archi-kch of 8086

zlakla.

O
D
Datc, / Page no.

Ph>ticaladht gMent_addrtasX1o t_dsplacement

h intom drchettchx of_&oL ir_ dIvidedito Îtional


nit
6TU Bus Intrfou i t
EU eXeCution unit

factianof 6IU 7t
Hnds dortssi of memq latat1on or p olp board.
T fotchos nstoctionc from mmar THLppart
inchction geung
TO implement hese timcthonT B7U anoins
A Segmendgirer-The a r Segmont
hald theupex eht_
afthe Gtorhng addiesr of_
CoAR agment
Cd egmoint Stores EXcecutable prugram GHe

(Coiagment Jlerr irond eXhanyment Hgiitr


regmen ngirkrr baldr the uppex 6 h
of Shrn adariof_Data egmoni

npi iedA Xa ezmuat1gattz Aaldi ihe


uveght the Star hng addHt o

L0amunt _xney mentripechalg


PTD
Date: Page no:
Data egmen and Exta segmont Short the daq vSed
hedada sed
b he

ack Statk rghe T halds thepper kejht at


addrta df ctack gicH

phsTa otresr eneetion unit


Pysial addrtorlpal SeZment addmss Xfo oflet/09pkoan

iven Sêgmanaddt foo5 doo ofo


offrei 55554

550
offset DTchanca Of the tguixd acation trom he
he base
Drce2
address
sGphm addri Segment: add Xio t SSSS-Offtet

ooSX/0 SS SS
loosot Ssss
Sss s
SSAS
'

(C qere NeBTU fatcher 6 hshctbn DyBe


ahaud of time hrom Memorand Hxe
thom inaveve FEFoE Airct ip frct alp
Cven no's of s=
Rriy evty fanty>PP=I
Odd nos of a l ority
Dale. PP=0
htt- oploderaMSted în_qieue inPTU h=
EXCecuttd În EXciautionUnit Thzr GTU alng with
Ev xm pipaline

ExtAhonu (EU T Con.sistof

AGneneral Purpate giter G1S

2Thfar6 6f genoalpTpase egilHrL_a


AXBXCk DX
gIH ha ahipher byke and a laiwer bytk
These on- e d - 0 hald data anable ond
intrmadlat
AM Thae i thadefat 6- 67+acumulato
AL Thare irdefault 61+

QX Used Stox óffset_ fimëng the


phica addn uvall
CX uLed ar defavlt Couer
DX-Ox
OX mabeuted a animplkit oeeTandn
a few?nthucthion

(6 fp taicterr 9 achv fI0


2 y32)

Si
Ovefl w zey
flas (ontro ass flog
Date LPaye uo

t/-70 fetT

If nerflar
De Dinchm oiscinn f

*£loflog ir o flip flaP that fndicatts fondihonpdttd


bthe LRCLhOn_of annthalchon_or_ma
onho Sumapextiont9f E_(sxahonupitl
SiX Candihionodflag.s
CF am flog orset 1f amy
generattd ar bomw o ud
dr reset atherwse

o uthe nME hanadd pari


AF -LAxllary flo 1 E Camybam
enexatrdrtauirtdfom ha lowest
gnd atherwe
VsVally ed Bco (bimy (odtd deimal)_operato

|V2en-flas Ffho enda of the Comp Atutiorn


CaMpavnperfmedb aPrtviosr
nshuchao s ze
Ctnd othorwi Se
Pagr ne

SFSin og) 1 if the 1lt of omp.tation


nyotito Aasitivt

vOF (overflov flagl fhe


Yang othrWAse

hrte Canol flogs


(vif TE (op flsa/sTE f iseaal to 1the
poteor enkr SInsle Sttp eKgtuhbn
mods
Made n which bfhreXLLuhngge hsthhan
canol tansford do TAI (tapn ntempt enidL

IE TE qualic eqval ho instechionr g


eLtuttd kmely

Vi TA_nnpt flogz TE If i a fo 4
maskable tenp e rTonire
' aIkablA inhnlpt9 tgnad

( _DE hirechon fhg EDE1, t aun


dechmenhngmadt shon
Shng
addriited fam ths wiesf
Aighestdpas addreo ohs

Tf Avto torèmeadin
GddsSed _ frsm lowesh addrrcr ha hih
Dale Paye no

C) nol (ividary
Cont ir(uitary dYeths thA intrnal
operchon

Decadr Derader tontat th nstauchon_fekha


fom he Mem n a Senesaf achon f
exution

ALv The 1 b i ALUAithonaticlogitel unit perfinme


he
he asittmati lataihon,phethon iphiahn dhigan
iHmLt dtchnt Complimeotand ogica ND, OR Xo
XNOR Shie perohonr enbino DuMberri

Dpaio-rc andndexgists0 The0ff seth addrrATtr


tpuindaenexattPhsica
are heldb- poindhrrnd DdLxHgfc

ode Sement Drda gment helk .


P 3P
(Ntwchon Poinh) Chase Pointer) Shoe fointor
age no

PINheneration af Sog6
max Mod e Min Mod

ADI1
FDy
AD C
3 AO8(J5
3S
ADro

AOs 3 PMN[M
AD C 8036

HLDA
ADy wn
-m[TO
AD CTy 26
P So DT
NmI
TES NTA
CIK
Read
u Rese

Someafofthe iF 8026 perhiular_fnhoN_


p i l r mall Lwhile
npaipimum- Mgde
OHersAinctian inmaxjmmmade Pnteo r

Made
8o Sigpals anhe rteasnes n ? mups
ammanfithanr in minimum
igpalthauing
afwell af mOKLMM Mod
( STanal whish houJPecial unthonr in minimum
Modt
functbns In
Signalr whith houe specio max) Mool
lnes
Cola
Add r Daie /L Page t

a r well_ar_Maximm Mod
Signalcomman20d MiniMM
Apis ADg
CHdtc ond data no
Ine nlHplex_Memo npi Ap
A D
C Aclss A/ 3 Those aMtim nlhpl
add Htor and Shahut(ThRs
AcHMSY Shots (A

1S_parof ith Mochins Gctehey aipt


VpperAt_BtSofhoheaddts dingtmain Machin
Syele htyndlCat fatus IH ndicat Hpe af
4pecahoto heerfom

Tha6yr HizkEable iyn Wed


ndicattthafaJftnof
af_hta oven thu
hghar_Order_donbis.

(d) RD whenR #O oX6 s 6dingdata emMan

READY f REAOY =0 9wat State

TNTR inkmuptavest) H£ ENFA0


teie barînput r npldding thklas
lachinstachan _dttomn the alobiliy
of intmpE ytquest If-
Date. F'ape no.

enttr.c the inltmpl atknavledz


h a lessor
pending

WmT (hon MNka ble fnituptt hae 2ntwmupt (an


not be maskintemally-

T6S JE E is aw test=0exuction oninVe


IE TESt=1 pcssar mains Seme idle cht

Reret Sets CS= f£ff H


fetcher feEEOH

(clocl cIE) S0X63tauire clork Dgnal fm famk


extma ttolContoller C generator o Cnchrnnte S
ntma operatn
Vcc I t ubyk m t 5 V weY Npply
(L) CONO
2 Wed for oxth1n AMhle
M MN/M minimmmoximm
if m = 0 D6 s operd1nm in mgrm ma
mode ym if MNx= 0s6 isapemi1ng in_min" nt
(N) MTO menaxy nAE OVRt
Ip oLpmac
m/TO 20R4isdkalnwith mmmy
Date: Page no

O INTA fhwp gstalat) whan olhottepir


intrvp INTAdes
lo betamer Zen
ALE (Adds latth Enable);- Thzs
ana îndicat A
aibbli af alid datdsa acldk data Ifoes_(ADline
nd I_capne.ctd to tatch enable inpt of the latche
0T| (Dot iomistionreciver i
OT/
g086 toncmitfing dlata

8) DEN (Doto emble 6 It inform the hanreiars


(uwhich a sam mit die fong
that RoR yeadz t Sentr tcuive clota.

LS)- uwR ( u t )
WR=0 20K Endd velve mwhtn he
ith memar ar ilPulp palt
W= No wntiing_specutaan fei-fum
Ho HoLD- HLD (Hald acknawledze . D A L Y N Y

q ( t a s

HoLD=I inditatts anathar Masttr D NA)_I


he
(E)
0Nkaid hald HgLeSEgDPL ves HLDA
ortiu hipht
Palt Page ne

(T Max mode Signas 8


M

1 S Thee Stahas sigml frdicate type a£


opeiationperförMbhK roussar BoR
32 ndlcatian
intmpt_acnaulaclga
Io gead rad
To wik
.o Halt
nsHon frtch
MnqRRa
Men
PasSivee Mod
o,
veue Statys 8 T fler ho hrnif af insthon
deve.

SS 9veve Stahur

No operation
SDH of opodos pterid-
Empt
uhsequent buee o£-epinela2
achu lav
R3) LoC 8 =0 1f ipdicates thot bvses an't be sed

Rqo TaMax Malehslo and


and T (bus
HLOAC pktd
b Rbus naot) oront.
Aohr mastr Huwt SyStt Bus b R9 pmeor oknold9es qt
Date: Page no

Prionty nTa7T

Mem drgonisofon
MM Phrsical MLmo rgoniSaHon_
o d db o n k

Even DonK
8086
BanR He=o/

Bank
Di - D7-Do
Os-Ds
07-Do

ban
Tt 1np ofmema is_crganse ar d bank 4 (D2
apdon eMn_bank/bank oa
THeproasfa pmdegAunanahksinas_ ne_and a
tOrSetechan of eitherbonk

BHE Aa TndiGhia
Whele Word
Highar Bye
Lawer Byte
11 None
1at Pagr no

ClocK Gclerator (84)

VC
2
PCLK

AENS 6
ASMve
RDY
REAOY C
s 14EF
ROy 2
3 Fl
ATN 2 C7
RES

CND ro AE SET

CSynt TE provider yncham3atan_among Vanau 2 7y


chipr în_a ngieSgsiem
(PCtk _CPen pharal clatk/ tt uded to pxdvide co
ftquenty the Penpheals înths Szstem Thir adp
to th dosentrorlar
tdauny- s
fisuny Y6 afinp

Kgnalaleng- w ROY and ROY

ROr -k RD 2 Thercb al nats pmucted


with AEN A AeNR

READY8 These audpt pin ofRRSY Canneetr tWO


inpt of
Datc Pase no

Pauider ftp Wth /ahbtqutn

7 OND earihin ppa1e


gRELET hesetp_fioL Copnecte fp o
Reset RETETT

RES 1E RES=0 clock_gensotr 8<Syi S e.


Set

aicillaharalp bth ama iaeniy kasEFT Gthe


deuicts

E_ELE 0 nanal ytal axilltne w t


pede iIpta dk_iensrto (84

ffli-2 erkrno clE signalL i ptel atEFL


(RLEFE (kxtenaa 1tp/
13/AsyAC Tha CacyspnchrngahmSeleakhaniYP elerd
Auo faqur

he yming- forCloctsaento
these_ tul PLn
= UCeJ fir
Sv nhollei

U
20 ec

140MEPoEN
ALF s DEN
2 EN
AEN C
TNTA
MRDC y
13 JORC
AmwC
mTC L ATOWC

Towc

The animm MxleignalL INTA ALE 6ENOT/R


MTo WR HoLDHLDA that a eSLeahial
Mem infacin9 a no in_ maximM
dvallablein
JhufEII
RKb antoller iUiedugenarak
igils

The 2> StahSolP a inpAt synalr fo


andax ured ha the (ommonds

ral Addss enable)

AEN actnatts Memry(onml nals


(g) DEN (Daa enabl I h bidiictiana
chta bur_hullers in th& stem-
_cEM= (anhal enoble 1tenabler the ammand elp
8 288.
Pae no.
Daic

Seleots
STOipsp br mateli7t
skm br Male opesdtion-
d r

duder Intemalfning _andMt


(lock (cdl-_TE
to clack 2enerat
be_ConDestd

TE ÎLed to demulhplex
kodemHipls
9ALEALE (Addar lateh enabl/ =
addMan data bu

0TLA (Dotasansmit ual: T+ Cmothedin.A


Dada bonimik daa

ORC TO WC
MAD, mtC:
me bMk
Had cnho wmt Com
COn hol

Tho 72{1gengattr thehormal mam Ma MeMUy wnt_


lp lp tad cnip olp undeSTgnal

(1 Amw A TOWC
olvon@ cMum and ilp olPwit ntal_signalc ve
He omg paseasdhat h - Memy MADC
MAD,
Aere hue

INTA 7 hanpin Vied h acknauleda t intemy.


vec Vec
Csi chn rlech logic

Pagpe no

The marHer Cas Cade


Ihe nd Pen phexa
Nata Enable

7 CatodeOperationaf Tnampt ntolior i r


Selecded (alto TOs=0

tens ceivers

14 N0

MinIMM_Made ofo86 8B

Am
TS E Rom
RoY Reset ctK
READ
Rom

AeIet cl READ
mWR
MTo Dehoderp IORO A
wL
Tow A
ALE STB gan
6 AD Dlatche
Pors-Aoo
L
oT/E trun cteer Rom

DD-Di
Date Tage no

p
(/mNXshaddbe 1 thn t De ofemtu gn
iun Malo
ALE_ e hodamltiplex blHIL an_Chla bur
(Addsr atthenable
ta) DEL ed )achat the tanceier
DEL
K a DTl_indicattr tedincHn of ia af data

Max Mock

ROC
kes 828y
Rese clk easy AmwT
TORD
Tow
Ue clk Recd A 20wc

TNTA

808
APers tocher
Af-A
86 r

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