Task 1: (P1)

How it works: The

transmitter takes some sort of message (it could be the sound of someone's voice, pictures
for a TV set, data for a radio modem or whatever), encodes it onto a sine wave and
transmits it with radio waves. The receiver receives the radio waves and decodes the
.message from the sine wave it receives
function of component: A radio-frequency power amplifier (RF power amplifier) is a type of
electronic amplifier that converts a low-power radio-frequency signal into a higher-power
signal. Typically, RF power amplifiers drive the antenna of a transmitter, Mixers are widely
used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as
heterodyning, for convenience in transmission or further signal processing, (IF) amplifiers
are amplifier stages used to raise signal levels in radio and television receivers, at
frequencies intermediate to the higher radio-frequency (RF) signal from the antenna and
the lower (baseband) audio or video frequency that the receiver is recovering, The FM
Demodulator Passband block demodulates a signal that was modulated using frequency
modulation. The input is a passband representation of the modulated signal. Both the input
and output signals are real scalar signals, Audio Frequency Amplifiers amplify the audio
frequencies. Generally audio frequencies are in the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Some of the
HI-FI audio amplifiers may amplify up to 100 kHz. These are used to supply audio frequency
power to operate the loud speakers, an audio power amplifier (or power amp) is an
electronic amplifier that amplifies low-power electronic audio signals, such as the signal
from a radio receiver or an electric guitar pickup, to a level that is high enough for driving
loudspeakers or headphones, In electronics, a local oscillator (LO) is an electronic oscillator
used with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process,
also called heterodyning, produces the sum and difference frequencies from the frequency
of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal.
I choose (14, 16)

Name of No. of symbol BS, ANSI Type of

component component component
resistor 17 ANSI passive

capacitor 8 ANSI passive

P-channel 1 BS Active
M0SFET
transistor
capacitor 3 ANSI Passive

N-channel 1 BS Active
M0SFET
transistor
NPN 7 BS Active
transistor

input and output signals:

Power: 25W
Input Voltage: 33v
Frequency: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
 Name of No. of symbol BS, ANSI Type of
component component component
resistor 5 ANSI passive

capacitor 6 ANSI passive

input and output signals:

Signal values
Input voltage: 5v
Input signal frequency: 10.7MHz
Audio frequency: 20Hz: 20KHz
Task 2: (P2)

How it works: A digital voltmeter (DVM) measures an unknown input voltage by converting
the voltage to a digital value and then displays the voltage in numeric form. DVMs are
usually designed around a special type of analogue-to-digital converter called an
integrating converter.
Function of component: The analogue inputs are used in control systems with input sensors
that produce a voltage, current or resistance change in response to an environmental
variation or system measurement, A digital to analogue converter (DAC) converts a digital
signal from the computer into an electrical voltage which can be used to drive electrical
equipment, for example, a stirrer motor, A comparator compares two input voltages and
outputs a binary signal indicating which is larger. If the non-inverting (+) input is greater
than the inverting (-) input, the output goes high, A clock generator is an electronic
oscillator that produces a clock signal for use in synchronizing a circuit's operation. The
signal can range from a simple symmetrical square wave to more complex arrangements.
The basic parts that all clock generators share are a resonant circuit and an amplifier, A
binary counter is basically a state machine that just cycles through its states for each cycle
of a clock signal. The JK flip-flop is considered to be the most universal flip-flop design and
can be used as different kinds of flip-flops just by adjusting how the input to the J and K
terminals is done, BCD was commonly used for displaying alpha-numeric in the past but in
modern-day BCD is still used with real-time clocks or RTC chips to keep track of wall-clock
time and it's becoming more common for embedded microprocessors to include an RTC. It's
very common for RTCs to store the time in BCD format, The seven-segment decoder, which
has four input lines and seven output lines (a, b, c, d, e, f, and g), receives this BCD (A, B, C,
and D) input. The output is provided to a seven-segment LED display that shows the decimal
number depending on the inputs.
I choose (18, 27)

Name of No. of symbol BS, ANSI Type of

component component component
resistor 2 ANSI passive

Diode 2 BS Active

LED (light 1 BS Active

emitting
diode)
LM741 op- 1 ANSI Active
Amp

input and output signals:

- logic level 1 when VCC

- logic level 0 when -VCC
- supply Voltage: ± 12V
- when the analogue input is greater than digital to
analogue converter output, this causes the output
high
- when the analogue input is smaller than digital to analogue converter output, this
causes the output low
 Name of No. of symbol BS, ANSI Type of
component component component
resistor 11 ANSI passive

7 segment 1 BS Active
display

Switch 4 ANSI passive

P1
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_power_amplifier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_mixer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-frequency_amplifier

https://www.mathworks.com/help/comm/ref/fmdemodulatorpassband.html

https://www.electronicshub.org/different-types-and-applications-of-amplifiers/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_power_amplifier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_oscillator

http://sm0vpo.altervista.org/blocks/afpower1.htm

https://www.atecorp.com/solutions/what-is-an-rf-amplifier

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/analog_communication/analog_communication_numerical_problems_2.htm

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/24/3168

https://www.ni.com/en-ca/innovations/white-papers/06/frequency-modulation--fm-.html

P2
https://byjus.com/jee/voltmeter/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/analog-input

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/digital-to-analog-converter

https://www.analog.com/en/design-center/glossary/comparator.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_generator

https://www.wolfram.com/system-modeler/examples/more/electrical-engineering/binary-counter

https://realpars.com/bcd/

https://www.javatpoint.com/bcd-to-seven-segment-decoder

https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/the-essentials-of-analog-voltage-comparators-and-how-to-use-them

http://classweb.ece.umd.edu/enee245.F2016/Lab8.pdf

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/counter/7-segment-display.html

https://www.physics.unlv.edu/~bill/PHYS483/op_amp_datasheet.pdf