Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
1st Semester, AY 2020 – 2021
Mech 1a – Statics of Rigid Bodies
Equilibrium of A Particle (2D)

So far, we have learned vector addition of forces. Natutunan na natin computin ang resultant force mula sa mga
components. Now, we will apply those in real life scenarios. This time, babaliktarin natin ang discussion: What if,
given ang resultant at ang kailangan computin ay ang mga components?

SO PAANO NAGING EQUILIBRIUM?

Ang isang bagay, or particle ay nasa state ng equilibrium kapag HINDI SIYA GUMAGALAW. That means, all the forces
acting on it are negating each other. If lahat ng forces ay nagkokontrahan, that means na ang resultant force sa
particle ay ZERO. Or
𝐹𝑅 = 0
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

Yep. This time, zero na talaga ang resultant force.

PERO SIR, BAKIT NATIN TO KAILANGAN PAG-ARALAN? NAGAGAMIT BA YAN SA TOTOONG BUHAY?

Actually, oo! Gamit na gamit siya. Ang building ng school na ito, ang mga poste sa daan, ang mga tulay na
dinadaanan natin ay ilan lamang na buhay na patunay na application ng statics otherwise. They are all in equilibrium
otherwise, nagsisispag-guho na ang mga ‘yan. Pangalawa, hindi lahat ng components or rather parts ng building,
poste or tulay or ano mang bagay, ay nasusukat. Alam mo kung ano ang usually nasusukat? Ang WEIGHT. WEIGHT
lang madalas. So, kung iisang component lang ang nasusukat, papaano nagagawa ng mga Engineers na maging stable
ang mga bagay bagay? Statics my friend. Statics. Let’s try to solve this sample problem:

Gustong buhatin ng dalawang magtropa ang isang kahon as seen on the figure down below. If the box weighs 80 N,
determine the tension in each rod.

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities
 Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

We will solve this problem just like how we solve vector addition; may summation of forces din. But this time, the
summation of the forces shall BE ALWAYS EQUAL TO ZERO. Kasi nga in equilibrium dapat.

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 = −𝐹𝐵𝐴𝑥 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴𝑥
Parang vector addition lang no? But this time, unknown ang mga components. But can we do something about that?
Yes we can! Just like what we did on vector addition:
0 = −𝐹𝐵𝐴 cos 50 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 cos 30 (1)
Note: yung naunang equation ay mga x-components. Yung pangalawang equation na may cos 50 at cos 30 ay
hypothenuse times angle. Noon sa vector addition, whole numbers ang kasama nila. This time, they are variables. Si
y components naman.
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 = 𝐹𝐵𝐴𝑦 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴𝑦 − 𝑊
MAG-INGAT! Although hindi kita sa drawing, sinabi na may Weight ang box. And weight is a force and it always
points downward. Lets continue
0 = 𝐹𝐵𝐴 sin 50 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 sin 30 − 80 (2)

Since we are looking for the tension in each wires, or specifically, values of FBA and FCA, kailangan natin mag-combine
ng equations. At this point, marunong na dapat kayo mag-algebra. I-transform muna natin ang equation 1
0 = −𝐹𝐵𝐴 cos 50 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 cos 30
Transpose si FBA
𝐹𝐵𝐴 cos 50 = 𝐹𝐶𝐴 cos 30
Gusto natin mag-solo si FBA
𝐹𝐶𝐴 cos 30
𝐹𝐵𝐴 =
cos 50
𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 1.347𝐹𝐶𝐴 (3)

We substitute (3) to (2)

0 = 𝐹𝐵𝐴 sin 50 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 sin 30 − 80
0 = (1.347𝐹𝐶𝐴 ) (sin 50) + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 sin 30 − 80
0 = 1.032𝐹𝐶𝐴 + 0.5𝐹𝐶𝐴 − 80
0 = 𝐹𝐶𝐴 (1.032 + 0.5) − 80
80 = 𝐹𝐶𝐴 (1.532)
Gusto nating mag-solo si FCA
80
= 𝐹𝐶𝐴
1.532

52.219 = 𝐹𝐶𝐴 (4) Also the one of the answer.

Substitute (4) to (3)

𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 1.347𝐹𝐶𝐴
𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 1.347(52.219)

𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 70.339 (5) Also the one of the answer.

It means na para hindi mahulog ang 80 N na box, kailangan magkaroon ng tension or kailangan mag exert ng force si
FBA ng 202.556 N at si FCA ng 150.376 N. Anything lower than that at siguradong BABAGSAK si box. Yey STATICS! Mas
maapreciate niyo pa ang topic na to next sem sa STRENGHT OF MATERIALS na kung saan aalamin natin kung masisira
or hindi ang mga tali kapag nag-exert sila ng ganyan force.

Don’t read any further kung hindi mo pa na-gegets ang topic. Review it again. Mag hanap pa ng ibang sources kung
kailangan. May internet at library. Kung na-gets na…

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities.
 Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KAYO NAMAN!

1. Compute the tension on rope AB and rope AC if the car weighs 3400 N

2. Compute the tension in rope AB and rope AC if the cylinder D has a mass of 100 kg.

3. Determine the required mass for cylinder A to support cylinder C. Note: They must be in equilibrium.

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities.
 Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

4. Determine the tension on each rope if they have to carry object C. Mass ang given.

5. Determine the value of force TC and force TD if force TA has 8 Newtons while force TB has 15 Newtons.

References:
Engineering Mechanics Statics 13th Edition. Hibbler R.C., Pearon Prentice Hall, 2013.
Engineering Mechanics Statics Volume 1 7th Edition. Meriam J.L.. and L.G. Kraige. John Wiley and Sons, 2012.
Internet. Library sa PRMSU, yung nasa taas ng admin. *ehem* HOMEMADE MATH *ehem*

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities.