Ultimate Strength Design of

Singly Reinforced Beams

Analysis of Rectangular Beam (Ultimate Moment Capacity is required)
Analysis Problem (Ultimate moment capacity is required)

Procedure (As, b, d, f’c and fy are given)

𝐴𝑠
1. Calculate 𝜌 using 𝜌 =
𝑏𝑑
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2. Compare 𝜌, 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 , and 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
If 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 , the steel yields

If 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 , the steel does not yield

If 𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 , decrease beam size or use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

Analysis Problem (Ultimate moment capacity is required)
If 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 , the steel yields
a.) Calculate 𝑎 using 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
b.) Get the value of c (depth of neutral axis) by using the formula

0.003 (𝑑−𝑐)
c.) Calculate 𝜀𝑡 by using the formula 𝜀𝑡 =
𝑐

If 𝜀𝑡 ≥ 0.005, tension-controlled, 𝜙 = 0.90

𝑓𝑦 𝜀𝑡 −𝜀𝑡𝑦
If ≤ 𝜀𝑡 < 0.005, transition zone, 𝜙 = 0.65 + 0.25
𝐸𝑠 0.005 −𝜀𝑡𝑦

𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 a b (d − )
2
Analysis Problem (Ultimate moment capacity is required)
If 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 , the steel does not yield, use 𝜙 = 0.65
a.) Calculate 𝑐 using 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
600(𝑑−𝑐)
𝐴𝑠 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝛽1 𝑐) 𝑏
𝑐
b.) Calculate 𝑎 and 𝑓𝑠
′ 𝑎
c.) 𝑀𝑢 = ∅0.85𝑓 𝑐 a b d −
2
𝑎
or 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 (d − )
2