Mata kuliah Mata kuliah

MEKANIKA TANAH (PS-1335) semester

Prof. Ir.Noor Endah Msc. Ph.D. berikutnya

BAGAN ALIR BAHASAN

GAYA ANGKAT DISTRIBUSI

DIBAWAH TEGANGAN
BANGUNAN AIR (8)
(6) PERENCANAAN
PONDASI
TEGANGAN PEMAMPATAN
EFEKTIF TANAH
(7) (9)

REMBESAN AIR
DALAM TANAH STABILITAS
DAN DAYA
(5) KUAT DUKUNG
KEKUATAN
GESER TANAH TANAH
KLASIFIKASI
TANAH
(3)
TANAH PEMADATAN
(1) (4) PERENCANAAN
KOMPOSISI
BANGUNAN
TANAH
TANAH
(2)
 Strength of different
materials

Steel Concrete Soil

Tensile Compressive Shear

strength strength strength

Presence of pore water

Complex
behavior
Shear Strength
 The strength of a material is the greatest stress it can sustain
 The safety of any geotechnical structure is dependent on the
strength of the soil
 If the soil fails, the structure founded on it can collapse

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 Shear failure of soils
Soils generally fail in shear

Embankment

Strip footing

Failure surface

Mobilized shear
resistance

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface

(mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength.
Shear failure of soils
Soils generally fail in shear

Retaining
wall
 Shear failure of soils
Soils generally fail in shear

Mobilized shear
Retaining
resistance
wall

Failure
surface

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface

(mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength.
Shear failure mechanism

failure surface

The soil grains slide

over each other along
the failure surface.

No crushing of
individual grains.
Shear failure mechanism

At failure, shear stress along the failure surface ()

reaches the shear strength (f).
Slope Failure in Soils

Failure due to inadequate

strength at shear interface
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Shear Failure in Soils

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Bearing Capacity Failure

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Transcosna Grain Elevator Canada
(Oct. 18, 1913)

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West side of foundation sank 24-ft

University
Significance of Shear Strength
◼ Engineers must understand the nature of
shearing resistance in order to analyze soil
stability problems such as;
◼ Bearing capacity
◼ Slope stability
◼ Lateral earth pressure on earth-retaining
structures
◼ Pavement

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Shear Strength in Soils
 The shear strength of a soil is its resistance to shearing stresses.
 It is a measure of the soil resistance to deformation by continuous
displacement of its individual soil particles
 Shear strength in soils depends primarily on interactions between
particles
 Shear failure occurs when the stresses between the particles are
such that they slide or roll past each other

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Shear Strength in Soils (cont.)
 Soil derives its shear strength from two sources:
 Cohesion between particles (stress independent component)
 Cementation between sand grains
 Electrostatic attraction between clay particles
 Frictional resistance between particles (stress dependent
component)

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 Mata kuliah BAB VIII
MEKANIKA TANAH (PS-1335) PEMAMPATAN
Prof. Ir.Noor Endah Msc. Ph.D. TANAH

TEGANGAN GESER DAN KUAT GESER TANAH POKOK

BAHASAN

1. Tegangan Normal Dan Tegangan Geser Pada Suatu Bidang

A. Tegangan
Geser
B. Pemampatan
segera
C. Pemampatan
konsolidasi /
primer
D. Pemampatan
sekunder
• σN = Tegangan Normal Pada Bidang EF
• τN = Tegangan Geser Pada Bidang EF

• Gaya – gaya dijumlahkan searah sumbu N ( EF)

Catatan : cos2 θ = ½ (cos 2θ+1); sin2θ = 1 – cos2θ

 1

Gaya – Gaya Dijumlahkan // T EF

2
2. Tegangan Utama Dan Bidang Utama

Bidang dimana tegangan normalnya maximum dan

minimum ( turunan persamaan 1 = 0), atau :

3
• Bidang Utama / Principal Plane :
Bidang dimana, Tegangan Geser = 0
Tegangan Normal =maximum/minimum
• Tegangan utama besar / Major Principal Stress
Tegangan normal maximum = σ1
• Tegangan utama kecil / Minor Principal Stress
Tegangan normal minimum = σ3
3. Metoda Kutub ( Pole Method )
Tegangan Pada Bidang Dapat Ditentukan :
- Cara Analitis
- Cara Grafis / Pole Method
4. Hubungan Tegangan – Regangan
σ = E .ε
E = young modulus
σ = tegangan
ε = regangan
5. Kriteria keruntuhan menurut Mohr – Coulomb
(Mohr 1980) : Keruntuhan pada material terjadi akibat:
Kombinasi kritis tegangan normal dan
tegangan geser.
3. Metoda Kutub ( Pole Method )
Tegangan Pada Bidang Dapat Ditentukan :
- Cara Analitis
- Cara Grafis / Pole Method
4. Hubungan Tegangan – Regangan
σ = E .ε
E = young modulus
σ = tegangan
ε = regangan
5. Kriteria keruntuhan menurut Mohr – Coulomb
(Mohr 1980) : Keruntuhan pada material terjadi akibat:
Kombinasi kritis tegangan normal dan
tegangan geser.
3. Metoda Kutub ( Pole Method )
Tegangan Pada Bidang Dapat Ditentukan :
- Cara Analitis
- Cara Grafis / Pole Method
4. Hubungan Tegangan – Regangan
σ = E .ε
E = young modulus
σ = tegangan
ε = regangan
5. Kriteria keruntuhan menurut Mohr – Coulomb
(Mohr 1980) : Keruntuhan pada material terjadi akibat:
Kombinasi kritis tegangan normal dan
tegangan geser.
Kriteria keruntuhan menurut Mohr – Coulomb (lanjutan)

. τf = f (σ) , hubungan tegangan normal dan tegangan geser

pada suatu bidang keruntuhan

• Garis keruntuhan (failure envelope) Berbentuk

lengkung

• Dalam mekanika tanah, garis keruntuhan didekati dengan

garis lurus kriteria keruntuhan : Mohr & Coulomb
τ (f) = c + σN tan φ
c = kohesi
σ(N) = tegangan normal
φ = sudut geser internal
6. Kemiringan Bidang Runtuh
7. Tes untuk menentukan kekuatan geser (τf)
• Vane shear test
• Direct shear test
• Unconfined compression test
• Triaxial test
Vane Shear Test
Dimana : T = Torque
h = tinggi vane
d = lebar vane
β = koef. Yang merupakan fungsi dari vane
mobilization
= ½ triangular mobilization
= 2/3 uniform mobilization
= 3/5 parabolic mobilization