Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 2

 Meneruskan beban konstruksi kelapisan

tanah yan berada dibawah pondasi.
 Beban yang diteruskan pondasi ketanah
tidak melampaui kekuatan tanah yang
bersangkutan.

Settlement

Terjadi keruntuhan geser

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 3

DIKATAKAN PONDASI DANGKAL BILA D/B < 4 atau 5

DIKATAKAN PONDASI MENERUS BILA L/B > 10

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 4

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 5
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 6
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 7
Ultimate Soil-Bearing
Capacity for Shallow
Foundation

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 8

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 9
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 10
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 11
 West
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal
side of foundation sank 24-ft
27 April 2020 12
Assumptions:
 Subsoil below foundation structure is
homogenous
 Shallow foundation Df < B
 Continuous, or strip, footing : 2D case
 Rough base
 Equivalent surcharge

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 13

Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 14

 STRIP FOUNDATION
qult = c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.5.γ.B.Nγ
 SQUARE FOUNDATION
qult = 1.3.c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.4.γ.B.Nγ
 CIRCULAR FOUNDATION
qult = 1.3.c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.3.γ.B.Nγ
Where:
c = cohesion of soil  
 e 2 ( 3π / 4 −φ / 2 ) tan φ 
q = γ . Df ; Nc = cot φ  − 1
 2. cos 2  π + φ  
Df = the thickness of foundation embedded In subsoil  
  4 2  
γ = unit weight of soil e 2(3π / 4−φ / 2 )tan φ
Nq =
B = foundation width π φ 
2. cos 2  + 
Nc, Nq, Nγ = bearing capacity factors  4 2
1  K py 
Kpᵞ = koefisien tekanan tanah pasif Nγ =  − 1  tan φ
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 2  cos 2 φ 15 
 GENERAL
FAILURE

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 16

 (GENERAL FAILURE)

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 17

• STRIP FOUNDATION
qult = 2/3.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.5.γ.B.Nγ’
• SQUARE FOUNDATION
qult = 0.867.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.4.γ.B.Nγ’
• CIRCULAR FOUNDATION  
qult = 0.867.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.3.γ.B.Nγ’  e 2 (3π / 4−φ '/ 2 )tan φ ' 
Nc = cot φ '  − 1
 π φ ' 
Where:  2. cos 2
 +  
  4 2  
c = cohesion of soil
e 2(3π / 4−φ '/ 2 )tan φ '
Nq =
q = γ . Df ; Df = the thickness of foundation  π φ' 
2. cos 2  + 
embedded on subsoil 4 2
γ = unit weight of soil 1  K py 
Nγ =  − 1  tan φ '
2  cos φ ' 
2

B = foundation width
Nc, Nq, Nγ = bearing capacity factors φ’ = tan-1 (2/3. tanφ)

Kpᵞ = koefisien tekanan tanah pasif

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 18
 (LOCAL FAILURE)

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 19

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 20
 CASE 1

CASE 2

CASE 3

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 21

 1. Modify harga ‘q’,
as follows:

q = [ᵞ ( Df – D ) + ᵞ’ D]

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 22

 1. Modify harga ‘q’,
as follows:

q = ᵞ Df

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 23

 1. Modify harga ‘q’,
as follows:

q = ᵞ Df

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 24

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 25
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 26
STRONGER SOIL UNDERLAIN BY WEAKER SOIL
B

qM
Df

a b

Cd Cd

 
 

PØ PØ

a' b'

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 27

  2ca H  2
2D f  K s tan φ1 
qu = qb +   + γ 1 H 1 +   − γ 1H
 B   H  B 

1
qb = c2 N c ( 2 ) Fcs ( 2 ) + γ 1 (D f + H )N q ( 2 ) Fqs ( 2 ) + γ 2 BN γ ( 2 ) Fγs ( 2 )
2

1
q1 = c1 N c (1) + γ 1 BN γ (1)
2
1
q2 = c2 N c ( 2 ) + γ 2 BN γ ( 2 )
2

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 28

STRONGER SOIL UNDERLAIN BY WEAKER SOIL

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 29

  2c H   2D f  K s tan φ1 
qu = qb +  a  + γ 1 H 2 1 +   − γ 1 H ≤ qt
 B   H  B 

1
qb = c2 N c ( 2 ) Fcs ( 2 ) + γ 1 (D f + H )N q ( 2 ) Fqs ( 2 ) + γ 2 BN γ ( 2 ) Fγs ( 2 )
2
1
qt = c1 N c (1) Fcs (1) + γ 1 D f N q (1) Fqs (1) + γ 1 BN γ (1) Fγs (1)
2

Rectangular Foundation
 B  2c H   B  2 D f  K s tan φ1 
qu = qb + 1 +  a  + γ 1 H 2 1 + 1 +   − γ 1 H ≤ qt
 L  B   L  H  B 

1
q1 = c1 N c (1) + γ 1 BN γ (1)
2
1
q2 = c2 N c ( 2 ) + γ 2 BN γ ( 2 )
2

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 30

Df γ

B
Embankment fil /Stronger soill
C1
h
2 2 γ1
Nc1
φ1 { Nq1
1 B 1 Nγ1

1/2h B 1/2h Soft Soil

C2
γ 2
φ2
{ Nc2
Nq2
Nγ2
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi andgkal 31
General shear

qult .in _ embankment _ fill = c × N

1 1 c1 + γ × D f × N q1 + 0,5× B×γ 1 × N γ1

qult .1= c × N
1 c1 + γ × D f × N q1 + 0,5× B×γ 1 × N γ1

qult .netto1 = c1 × N c1 + γ × D f × N q1 + 0,5 × B × γ × N γ 1 − γ × D f

(
qult .netto1 = c1 × N c1 + γ × D f × N q1 − 1 + 0,5 × B × γ × N γ 1 )
q qult . net1
safe _ net1 =
SF
q safe1 = q safe _ net1 +γ × D f

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 32

 Local shear
qult in soft soil (after spreading wide as B+h)

qult .2 = c (γ × D )
+ h×γ 1 × N q 2 + 0,5×( B + h )×γ 2 × N γ 2
2 ×Nc2 + f

( )
qult .netto2 = c 2 × N c 2 + γ × D f + h × γ 1 × N q 2 + 0,5 × (B + h )× γ 2 × N γ 2 − γ × D f + h × γ 1 ( )
qult .netto2 = c2 × N c2 + (γ × D f + h × γ )× (N
1 q2 )
− 1 + 0,5 × (B + h )× γ 2 × N γ 2
q qult . net 2
safe _ net 2 =
SF
q safe 2 = q safe _ net (γ × D + h×γ 1 )
2+ f

qsafe design = yang terkecil dari qsafe1 or qsafe2

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi andgkal 33

 Persamaan Umum Bearing capacity Pondasi Dangkal, dengan
memperhatikan:
1. Shearing resistance dari tanah yang berada diatas dasar
pondasi.
2. Bentuk pondasi persegi panjang atau bulat
3. Beban yang bekerja diatas pondasi memiliki kemiringan

qu = c.Nc.Fcs .Fcd .Fci + q.Nq.Fqs .Fqd .Fqi + (0.5).γ .B.Nγ .Fγs .Fγd .Fγi

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 34

  φ
Nq = tan 2  45 + eπ . tan φ
 2
Nc = ( Nq − 1) cot φ
Nγ = 2( Nq + 1) tan φ

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 35

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 36
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 37
 L/3
L

B/3

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 38

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 39
 M

For e < B/6 Q qmin

qmin

Q
M

qmin

qmax
qmin

Luas Pondasi : A = B x L
B = Lebar pondasi
L = Panjang pondasi

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 40

For e > B/6 Q qmin
M=R x e →R=Q
qmin
Q
a M

R e
qmax

½B 1 1
𝑅𝑅 = � 𝑞𝑞𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 3 � 𝐵𝐵 − 𝑒𝑒�� 𝐿𝐿
½B 2 2
2𝑅𝑅
3a 𝑞𝑞𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =
1
3𝐿𝐿 � 𝐵𝐵 − 𝑒𝑒�
a =1/2 B - e 2

Area Efektif: B’ = B - 2e 4𝑅𝑅

B = Lebar pondasi 𝑞𝑞𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =
e = Eksentrisitas akibat Momen M
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020
3𝐿𝐿(𝐵𝐵 − 2𝑒𝑒
41
)
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 42
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Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 48
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 49
 Determine the effective dimensions of the foundation as :
B’ = effective width = B – 2e
L’ = effective length = L – 2e

 Determine the ultimate bearing capacity

qu = c.Nc.Fcs .Fcd .Fci + q.Nq.Fqs .Fqd .Fqi + 0,5.γ .B.Nγ .Fγs .Fγd .Fγi

to determine Fcs, Fqs, Fγs use effective length and effective width
to determine Fcd, Fqd, Fγd use B

 The total ultimate load that the foundation can sustain is

Qult = qu’.B’.L’ ; where B’xL’ = A’ (effective area)

 The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is

FS = Qult/Q

 Check the factor of safety against qmax, or,

FS = qu’/qmax

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 50

BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW
FOUNDATION

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 51

 GROSS ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

PERSAMAAN UMUM GROSS ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY

qu = c.Nc.Fcs .Fcd .Fci + q.Nq.Fqs .Fqd .Fqi + (0.5).γ .B.Nγ .Fγs .Fγd .Fγi

GROSS ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 52

 FOR STRIP FOUNDATION
qult . gross = c× N
c +γ × D f × N q + 0,5× B×γ × N γ

qult . gross = c× N
c + q× N q + 0,5× B×γ × N γ

qult . gross = c× N
c +γ × D f × N q + 0,5× B×γ × N γ −γ × D f +γ × D f

qult. netto

qult .netto = c × N c + γ × D f × N q + 0,5 × B × γ × N γ − γ × D f

(
qult .netto = c × N c + γ × D f × N q − 1 + 0,5 × B × γ × N γ )
q qult . net
safe _ net =
SF
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi andgkal 27 April 2020 53
 qsafe = qsafe net + γ.Df
qult.net
q safe = + γ .D f For stiff building, use SF = 3
SF

Embankment fill, γ
q = γ .D f q = γ .D f
Df

Original Soil
Nc
γ =γ
c=c φ =φ
o
{ Nq
Nγ
⇒General shear
failure
Untuk local shear failure :
Pmax ijin = qsafe x B x L C’ = 2/3 C
tan φ’ = 2/3 tan φ
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi andgkal 27 April 2020 54
NET ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

NET ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY

q= ᵞ Df

NET ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 55

PROCEDURE:
1. Find the developed cohesion and the angle of
friction
c −1  tan φ 
cd = φd = tan  
 FSshear = 2.0 – 3.0
FS shear  FS shear 

2. Calculate the gross allowable bearing capacity

(qall) according to terzaghi equation with cd and φd
as the shear strength parameters of the soil
Ex.: qall = cd.Nc + q.Nq + ½ γ.B.Nγ
Where Nc, Nq, Nγ = bearing capacity factor for the friction angle, φd

3. Find the net allowable bearing capacity (qall(net))

qall(net) = qall - q
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 56
  Beban terpusat

 Beban menerus (tegak lurus gambar)

Dimana:
A : Luas pondasi
B : Lebar pondasi
L : Panjang podasi
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 57
 ≥

q= ᵞ Df
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 58
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 59
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Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 63
 TABEL 3.10 CONE PENETRATION TEST S6

TITIK : S6 X = 0694324 Y = 9195845 MASTER SONDIR : Waluyo CS

LOKASI : GEDUNG SYARIAH TOWER TANGGAL : Juli 2012
ELEVASI :

T EKANAN KONUS (Kg/cm2)

RASIO GESEKAN (%)
50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13
KEDALAMAN (m)

14 14

KEDALAMAN (m)
15 15

16 16

17 17

18 18

19 19

20 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 24

25 25

26 26

27 27

28 28

29 29

30 30
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

JUMLAH HAMBATAN PELEKAT (Kg/cm) GESEKAN LOKAL (Kg/cm2)

Grafik Konus Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal

Grafik Jumlah Hambatan Pelekat 27 April 2020
GRAFIK RASIO GESEKAN 64
GRAFIK GESEKAN LOKAL
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 65
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 66
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 67
Revised Materi Kuliah Pondasi Dangkal 27 April 2020 68