Name: Sarah Bustin

Reaction #1 – Chromate/Dichromate Equilibrium

What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
2K 2 CrO4(aq) + H2 SO4(aq) ↔ K 2 Cr2 O7(aq) + H2 O(l) + K 2 SO4(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

2CrO2− + 2− 2− 2−
4 (aq) + 2H (aq) + SO4 ↔ Cr2 O7 (aq) + SO4 (aq) + H2 O(l)

K2CrO4 +
K2CrO4 +
K2CrO4 H2SO4 H2SO4 +
H2SO4
NaOH
Orange Back to
Observations yellow colorless
(dichromate) yellow

Direction Forward Reverse

Increase in Decrease in
Stress concentration concentration
of H+ ions of H+ ions

What is the observation that indicates a shift to the reactants?

Change in color to bright yellow indicates a shift to the reactants, chromate ions.
What is the observation that indicates a shift to the products?
Change in color to bright orange indicates a shift to the products, dichromate ions.
What is the balanced reaction that occurs when NaOH is added?
H2 SO4 + 2NaOH → 2H2 O + Na2 SO4
Does addition of NaOH Reverse the reaction? Explain how you know.
Yes, because adding NaOH turns the solution yellow, which is consistent with the system
shifting towards the reactants in the reverse direction.
 Reaction #2 – Barium Chromate Equilibrium
What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
BaCl2(aq) + K 2 CrO4(aq) ↔ BaSO4(s) + 2KCl(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

Ba2+ (aq) + CrO2−

4 (aq) ↔ BaSO4(s)

BaCl2 + K2CrO4 +
BaCl2 K2CrO4 BaCl2 + K2CrO4
HCl
Dissolves
Dull pale yellow
Observations clear yellow precipitate and
precipitate
turns clear orange

Direction Forward Reverse

Increase in Decrease in
Stress concentration of concentration of
chromate ions chromate ions

What is the observation that indicates a shift to the reactants?

The solution becoming cloudy indicates a shift to the product (solid barium sulfate).
What is the observation that indicates a shift to the products?
The precipitate dissolving indicates a shift to the reactant (aqueous barium chloride).
What is the balanced reaction that occurs when HCl is added?
2K 2 CrO4 + 2HCl → K 2 Cr2 O7 + H2 O + 2KCl
Do you think Barium Chromate is more soluble in Acidic or Neutral Conditions?
Barium Chromate is more soluble in acidic conditions because the acid reacts with the
chromate and releases 𝐵𝑎2+ ions.
 Reaction #3 – Sodium Chloride Equilibrium
What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
NaCl(aq) + HCl(aq) ↔ NaCl(s) + HCl(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

Na+ (aq) + Cl− (aq) ↔ NaCl(s)

Saturated (5.4M) Saturated (5.4M)
Saturated NaCl
NaCl + 12M HCl NaCl + 3M HCl

Observations Clear colorless White precipitate No change

Direction Forward Reverse

Increase in Decrease in
Stress concentration of concentration of
chlorine ions chlorine ions

What is the observation that indicates a shift to the reactants?

The precipitate dissolving or the solution staying clear indicate a shift to the reactants.
What is the observation that indicates a shift to the products?
Formation of a white precipitate (solid NaCl) indicates a shift to the products.
Explain why you see a difference between 12M HCl and 3M HCl when reacting with
Saturated (5.4M) NaCl?
Adding 12M HCl increases the concentration of chloride ions in the solution. The
equilibrium responds by forming solid NaCl to remove excess chorine ions from the
solution. When adding 3M HCl, the concentration of chloride ions decreases, so the
reaction shifts towards the ions and no precipitate forms. The solution is no longer
saturated, and more NaCl could be dissolved in it.
 Reaction #4 – Ferric Hydroxide Equilibrium
What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
Fe(NO3 )3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) ↔ Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH− (aq) ↔ Fe(OH)3(s)

Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH
Fe(NO3)3 +
Fe(NO3)3 NaOH
NaOH + HCl + NaOH

Dark brown/ Dissolves Dissolves

Clear, Clear,
Observations orange precipitate, precipitate,
colorless colorless
precipitate Clear Yellow dull orange

Direction forward reverse reverse

Increase in Decrease in Increase in

Stress concentration concentration concentration
of OH− ions of OH− ions of OH− ions

What is the observation that indicates a shift to the reactants?

Dissolution of the precipitate indicates a shift to the reactants.
What is the observation that indicates a shift to the products?
Formation of the precipitate 𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻)3(𝑠) indicates a shift to the products.

What is the balanced reaction for NaOH dissolving the solid?

𝐹𝑒 3+ + 4𝑂𝐻− ↔ [𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻)4 ]−
 Reaction #5 – Iron (III) Thiocyanate Equilibrium
What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
Fe(NO3 )3(aq) + KSCN(aq) ↔ Fe(NO3 )2 (SCN)(aq) + KNO3(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

Fe3+ (aq) + SCN − (aq) ↔ FeSCN2+ (aq)

Fe(NO3)3 + KSCN
Fe(NO3)3 +
Fe(NO3)3 KSCN
KSCN + Fe(NO3)3 + KSCN + NaOH
Deep red
Clear, (diluted to Even darker Lighter to
Observations Clear Darker red
colorless pale red pale yellow
orange)

Direction forward forward forward reverse

Decrease in
Increase in Increase in Increase in concentration
Stress concentration concentration concentration of Increase in
of SCN − ion of Fe3+ ion of Fe3+ ion concentration
of Fe3+ ion

What is the observation that indicates a shift to the reactants?

A color change to lighter orange or yellow indicates a shift to the reactants.
What is the observation that indicates a shift to the products?
A color change to deep red indicates a shift to the products.
What is the balanced reaction that occurs when NaOH is added?
𝐹𝑒 3+ + 3𝑂𝐻− ↔ 𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻3 )
 Reaction #6 – Silver Chloride Equilibrium
What is the overall chemical reaction for the first equilibrium system?
AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ↔ AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

What is the net ionic reaction?

AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ↔ AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

AgNO3 HCl AgNO3 + HCl
Intense white
Observations Clear, colorless Clear, colorless
precipitate forms

Liquid + Liquid + Solid + NH3 +

Solid + NH3
AgNO3 AgNO3 + NH3 HNO3

Formation of Dissolve Reform

Observations Dissolve solid
precipitate precipitate precipitate

Direction Forward Reverse Reverse Forward

Increase in Decrease in Increase in Decrease in

Stress concentration concentration concentration concentration
of Ag + ion of Ag + ion of H + ion of H + ion

What is the balanced reaction that occurs to Silver Ions when Ammonia is added?
Ag + + NH3 ↔ [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+

What is the balanced reaction that occurs when Nitric Acid is added in the last step?
NH3 + H + ↔ NH4+