Geo worksheet

Questions

1)

A) 1 billion- 1850

B) 5 billion- 1976

C) 7 billion- 2011

2)when will the world population forecast to reach 8 billion__2023

3)

A) how many people were born in 2016 - 147.2 million

B) How many people died in 2016 -57.4 million

C) By how much did the world population increase - 89.8 million

4) 1950

5) china, usa, india, indonesia, brazil

6) birth rate is the percentage of how many infants are born each year in 1000.

7)highest- china

Lowest- egypt

8)24/1000

9) high stationary stage

Early expanding stage

Late expanding stage

Low stationary stage

Natural decrease stage

10) the early expanding stage- the death rate declines to levels never before experienced and the
birth rate is stable hence having an increase in population of a country.

11) total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has in her lifetime.

12)the total fertility rate rate gives detailed data of fertility in the country it may also show the
infant mortality, birth rates in a country.

13)the infant mortality is the number of children under the age of 1 dying per 1000 birth per year, if
there is high infant mortality the fertility rate is said to be lower and if there is low infant mortality
there is high fertility rate.

14) scatter graph

B) the line of best fit

15) as the girls enrolled in secondary school increases the total fertility rate decreases as the
female literacy increases in the society which leads to less fertility rates.

16) life expectancy rates is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under
current mortality levels.

17)highest - north america

Lowest - africa

18) most diseases affect the ledc’s or the least economically developed countries. Where there is
overpopulation, poverty, poor access to health and safety, new infectious agents etc.

19)asia

20)poverty and social instability that result in family disruption, sexual violence

21)optimum population is the size of population that permits the full utilisation of the natural
resources of an area.

22)

23) population policy is any policy which affect a countries population. There are 2 types of
population policy- anti-natalist policy and pro-natalist policy.

24)pro-natalist policy

Anti-natalist

25) china’s one child anti natalist policy has been really effective as the population has dropped a
lot between years. The birth rate started decrease as was predicted that the birth rate of china in
2050 would almost 10/1000 births only from 45/1000.

26) the policy has had a considerable impact on the gender ratio, which at birth in china is
currently 119 boys to 100 girls. This compares with the natural rate of 106 to 100. This also has
caused social problems, the imbalance between the gender ratio may cause a lot of impact on the
society and political problems in the economy. It may decrease birth rates and increase the
ageing population of the country which may decrease its GDP and tax revenue benefits.

27) france and other countries have promoted pro natalist policies to increase birth rates, this can
be due to increase labour force and economic conditions in the economy, it may also increase the
GDP and tax revenue, they may also want to balance their economically active and dependent
populations so that the country doesn’t suffer from losses and can provide resources and money
to households.

1.2 migration

1) migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

2) Push factors are those factors which force people to move to other countries eg- war, famine
etc, pull factors are those which attract people and people voluntarily go to other countries,
this can be better education and facility( better infrastructure).

3) Voluntary migration is when a person migrates with his own choice to move to another country
for better opportunities and better lifestyle, eg- Mexico to us

4) Involuntary migration is when a person migrates forcefully due to conditions like famine and
war.

5) Many international migrants may move from the south(LEDC) to the north(MEDC) as migrants
may find the north more suitable due to the increase in living standards and may also get
good job opportunities. Medical assurances and development of infrastructure will be more in
the north as it is a MEDC. They may also migrate due to pull factors like high wages, more
resources or due to high economic growth.

6) Population movement within countries is at a much higher level than movement between
countries. In both developing and developed countries significant movement of people take
poorer regions to richer regions, this is easier for migrants as it will make it more affordable for
them.

7) China

8) Depopulation is a decline in human populations caused by events such as long demographic

trends as in abortion, urban decay, diseases or increase in crime rate.

9) The process of urbanisation had a considerable impact on many rural areas where
depopulation occurred because of it. High levels of out-migration also is a reason for rural
depopulation.

10) Counter urbanisation is the process of movement of people from urban areas to rural areas,
this happens if migrants want less disturbances like pollution and more resources.

11) The objective is usually to seek a better life by getting away from the problems of cities for eg-
pollution.

Impact of countries of origin impact on countries of Impact on the migrants

destination themselves

Positive
Positives
Positives

1) remittances are a major 1) migrants may bring important 1) wages are higher than in the
source of income in some skills to their destination
country of origin

countries.
2) Income levels and GDP can 2) There is a wider choice of job
2) Emigration can be ease the increase because of larger opportunities
levels of unemployment and workforce
underemployment

Negative
Negatives
Negatives

1) loss of young adult workers/ 1) migrants may be perceived as 1) the financial costs may be
small labour force
taking jobs from people in higher and not affordable

2) An ageing population in long established population

2) There may be problems
communities with a large 2) Natives of the country may settling into a new culture.
outflow of young migrants face economic problems like
unemployment.

13) remittances is the money sent back by migrants to their family in their home community.

14) 429$ billion

15) help alleviate poverty, spur investment and create a multiplier effect.

1.3

1) population structure is a representation of how migration mortality and fertility affects the
population of different ages and genders.

3) 4

4) a lot of infant mortality can lead to this problem

5) it can also shown the birthrate of the country.

6) stage 3

7)a) Japan - stage 5

B) niger - stage 2

C) the UK - stage 4

8) in countries where there is high rural-urban migrations, the population structures of the areas
affected can be markedly different. These differences show up clearly on the population pyramids.

9) dependency ratio is the relationship between the economically active people and the non
working or dependent people.

10) a dependency ratio for 70 means that for every 100 people in the economically active
population there are 70 people dependent of them.

11) between 50 and 75

12)the dependency ratio is important because the economically active population will in general
contribute more to the economy in terms of income tax, sales tax, and the taxes on the profits
made by businesses.

1.4

1)population density is the average number of people per square kilometre in a country or a
region. However population distribution is the way in which the population is spread out over a
given are, from a small region to the earth as a whole.

2)a) densely populated- areas with high population density is called densely populated

B) sparsely populated - areas with low population density is called sparsely populated

3)
Region Population density( people per km2)

World 53

More developed world 23

Less developed world 72

Africa 37

Asia 136

Latin America 30

North America 16

Europe 32

Oceania 5

4) 49

5)a) asia

B)oceania

6)1)rainforests

2) less availability of resources

3) less economical

3.5

1) non renewable sources of energy are the fossil fuels and nuclear fuel.

2) Renewable energy is the one which can be used more than one time, these are sustainable
and doesn’t affect the environment

3) Energy mix is the relative contribution of different energy sources to a country’s energy
consumption.

4) In developing countries about 2.5 billion people rely on fuelwood, charcoal are collectively
called fuelwood, which accounts for just over half of global wood production. Fuelwood
provides much of the energy needs for sub saharan Africa . It is also available

5)
Advantages of nuclear power Disadvantages of nuclear power

It provides a lot of energy Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very

difficult and expensive.

Very low fuel costs. Large-scale accidents can be catastrophic.

Price doesn’t fluctuate a lot Local thermal pollution from wastewater affects
marine life.

Produces no polluting gases. Costs of building and safely decommissioning are

very high.
6) Countries are eager to harness renewable sources of energy to:

Reduce their reliance on often dwindling domestic fossil fuel resources

Lower their reliance on costly fossil fuel imports

Improve the energy security with higher domestic energy production

Cut greenhouse gas emission for a cleaner environment and to satisfy international obligations.

7) a) hydro - electric power is considered to be traditional as it is one of five major sources of

energy, it is also used to a lot of developed countries including china, america Brazil and Canada.

B) china , cananda, brazil, usa

C) most of the best hep locations are already in use, so the scope for more large scale
edevleopment is limited. However, in many countries there is scope for small scale e hep plants to
supply local communities.

D) large dams and power plants have a huge negative visual impact on the environment

The obstruction of the river for aquatic life

Deterioration in water quality

8) since 1995 many countries have increased their consumptions of renewable resources.

9a)432 GW

b) the leaders in wind energy are china, usa, germany, India and Spain.

10) biofuels are fossil fuels substitutes that can be made from a range of cops, including oilseeds,
wheat and sugar.

B) the biggest producers of biofuels are the usa,brazil, and germany.

C) the advantages of biofuels are that they are renewable sources of energy , they help in energy
security and they often produce clear emissions than petroleum based fuels.

D) there are clear disadvantages of biofuel production. Increasing amounts of cropland have been
used to produce biofuels, adding to the global food crisis. Large amounts of resources are
needed for large scale production. The manufacture of biofuels also uses significant amounts of
energy , creating greenhouse gas emissions.

11)a) geothermal energy is the natural heat found in the earth’s crust in the form of steam, hot
water and hot rock.

b)the usa is the world leader in geothermal electricity.

c) extremely low environmental impact , geothermal plants occupy relatively small land areas not
dependent on weather conditions, relatively low maintenance costs.

D) total global generation remains very small, some of these locations are far from where the
energy could be used, installation costs of plant and piping are relatively high.

12)a) in 2012, the global solar power capacity passed 100000 MW but by the end of 2016 it had
reached 305GW.

B) china, Japan, germany, the usa and Italy currently lead the global market for solar power.

c) photovoltaic systems - these are solar panels that convert light into electricity.

Concentrating solar power - these use mirrors or lenses and tracking systems to focus a large
area of sunlight into a small beam. This is concentrated light is the used as a heat source for a
conventional thermal power plant.

D) solar energy is a completely renewable resource, no direct or noise pollution is emitted, there
are limited maintenance costs to keep solar panels running, solar technology is improving
consistently over time, it can be used in any area. However the initial costs of solar plants are
high, solar power cannot be harnessed during storms or during the night time, a lot of land is
required.

13)a) tidal power plants act like underwater windmills, transforming sea currents into electricity.

B)the energy levels are low due to the cost involved in building plants etc.