CHAPTER II – Rhyme, Repetition, Tone

and Mood

LESSON 1

Rhyme and Repetition in Poetry

Name: SAPAL, NORHATA M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 2/BSBIO/A

BEFORE READING:

An excerpt from “To the Filipino Youth”

A Poem by Jose Rizal (translated by Mauro Mendez)

MAKE CONNECTIONS

Have you ever done something that made a change in your school or community? How
would you describe the experience?

I am proud to say that I am an active youth and also a volunteer to our community. I do
attend a lot of seminars and symposium in my community. One time, there were a specific
event/program that I am invited with, then the one who invited me ask me to invite other youth
within my community. So, I grant that opportunity to invite those youths that does not really
interact with the community events or happenings. I encouraged them to give some time to be
connected to other people in our community, also in order for them to be empowered and be
confidence to themselves. Fortunately, they come with me and from that day on they became an
active youth in our community and they have now their own voices. They do things initiatively
for the sake of others. They realized that they are more that like what they are before and I’m just
happy and appreciative to hear that, it is very heart warming. I can somehow say, I become a
bridge to others empowerment.

USE READING SKILLS: Scan for Repetition

When you scan a text, you quickly move your eyes over a page or section to find words,
patterns, or information. Before reading, scan the poem for repeated sounds, words and phrases.
Complete the Repetition Chart below with the word and phrase and where it appears in the line
or stanza. After reading, fill in the third column with the effect that the repetition has on the
meaning of the poem. An example is provided.

Repetition Chart

Repeated Sound, Word, or Where it Appears Effect/ Possible Meaning

Phrase

Youth In the title, at the beginning In the context of the poem,

of the first stanza, and in the the speaker emphasizes the
third line of the third stanza. word “youth” as they are the
country’s hope and speaker
want to encourage them to
use their abilities for the
betterment of the country

Profound/ Unbound Both in the first stanza, The speaker believes that the
Profound is in the first line youth possess great
and Unbound is in third line knowledge and this will help
as we progress as a nation. As
well as encourage the youth
not to limit their abilities. He
wants them to shine for
success and recognition of the
country

(Proudly) stand/ motherland
Both in the first stanza,
(Proudly) stand is in the
second line and motherland is
in the fourth line
In the context of the poem.
The speaker encourages the
Filipino youth to stand and
lift their heads up proudly.
Motherland is another word
for home or in the context of
the poem the Philippines.

Unconfined/ (Noble) mind
Both in the second stanza,
Unconfined is in the first line
and (noble) mind is in the
fifth line
Unconfined refers to the
youth. Telling them there are
boundless possibilities, they
have freedom to explore. In
the context of the poem,
(noble) mind refers to the
 youth’s young, excellent
innocent minds

Dream/ Supreme Both in the second stanza,
Dream is in the second line
and supreme is in the third
line
Dream another word for
ambition or in the poem’s
context the Filipino youth’s
ambitions. Supreme means
highest or in the poem’s
context, the speaker uses it as
a metaphor in line “Wind-
borne to peaks supreme”
suggesting he wanted the
Filipino youth to aim high for
their dreams

Truth In the third stanza, It is in the It rhymes with youth; the

first line of the stanza speaker is implying that the
Filipino youths should seek
the truth or knowledge in
science and arts.

Art/ Heart Both in the third stanza, art is If rearrange it would be arts
in the second line and heart and science. But the speaker
youth is in the fourth line. arrange it in a way so it
would rhyme with heart. The
speaker wanted the youth to
let go of the burdens in their
hearts.

DURING
READING

An excerpt from “To the Filipino Youth”

 A Poem by Jose Rizal (translated by Mauro Mendez)
Note the Facts:

Read lines 1-4. To whom is the speaker of the poem talking?

The speaker of the poem is taking to the Filipino Youth.

Analyze literature:

Alliteration and Assonance

Read lines 1-4, then underline the words that contain similar initial consonant sounds. Read lines 5-8,
then underline the words that contain similar vowel sounds.

1
Raise, Youth, that brow profounda,
2
This day, and proudly stand,
3
Resplendentb and unboundc,
4
Hope of my Motherland!

5
Fly, genius unconfined,
6
Wind-borne to peaks supremed;
7
Unleash on wings of dream
8
Thoughts of your noblee mind.

Rhyme and Repetition

Give the rhyme scheme of the poem using the letters of the alphabet. Write your label on the space
provided after each of the lines.

1
Raise, Youth, that brow profounda, __a___
2
This day, and proudly stand, __b___
3
Resplendentb and unboundc, ___a___
4
Hope of my Motherland! __b___
5
Fly, genius unconfined, __a___
6
Wind-borne to peaks supremed; __b___
7
Unleash on wings of dream __b___
8
Thoughts of your noblee mind. __a___

9
Descendf with light of truth __a___
10
With gloriousg Science, Art, __b___
11
And lift the chains, O Youth, __a___
12
That would oppressh your heart. __b___

AFTER READING

AFTER READING:

READING CHECK

Grasp the poem’s full implications and suggestions to answer the following questions.

1. In the first stanza, what does the speaker tell the Youth to encourage them? Give words or
details to support your answer.

In the first stanza, the speaker encourages the youth, telling them to keep their heads up
as they have the capabilities to make our country proud. In the first line of the first stanza,
“Raise, Youth, that brow profound”, telling the youth to lift their heads up and the third line,
“Resplendent and unbound” implying the youth they skills, talents and the fourth line, “Hope
for my motherland” implying the youths are the “Pag-asa ng bayan”.

2. What does the line “Hope of my Motherland!” imply?

In the context of the poem, the “Hope of my Motherland” line refers to the
Filipino youths as the hope of the country. The speaker believes that the younger
generations serves as motivation for young people to contribute to the country’s
betterment/progression.

3. For what does “wings of dream” stand?

 The words wings can be associated with to ‘ascend’, wings of dream refers to the
Filipino youth’s excellent ideas to ascend their dreams and ideas for the betterment of the
motherland.

4. In the second stanza, to whom is the speaker of the poem talking? What does he ask them to do?
Provide details from the poem to support your answer.

The second stanza, the speaker is speaking to the youth. He encourages them to
fill their minds with noble thoughts and free their minds from the chain to make them
able to chase their ambitions in life. The first and second line, “Fly, genius unconfined,
Wind-borne to peaks supreme” means the speaker encourages the great young minds to
soar high and third and fourth line “Unleash on wings of dream, Thoughts of your noble
mind” means chase your dreams and fill your head with noble thoughts.

5. To whom is the speaker talking in the third stanza? What does he ask them to do?

In the third stanza, speaker is talking to the youth. Third line “And lift the chains,
O Youth,” gives it away that he’s talking to the youth. The speaker encourages the youth
to break free from chains and seek the truth and contribute ideas to arts and science.

6. What does the imagery created by the line “lift the chains… that would oppress your heart
connote?

The line “lift the chains& that would oppress your heart” with the use of
kinesthetic imagery and in the context of the poem, it connotes When chasing your
ambitions in life, let go of the heavy burden that brings you down.

7. What particular feeling or emotion is created by the repetition of sounds such as “profound,
unbound, unconfined, mind, dream, supreme” in the poem?

The feeling that is created by the repetition of sounds such as “profound,

unbound, unconfined, mind, dream, and supreme” is positive. The speaker uses such
words that feels like it reinforces encouragement and those such words makes the poem
sound catchy when you read it or hear it because of the repetition of sounds.

8. What do the lines “Fly, genius unconfined, descend with light of truth” mean? How do the
contrasting images created by these lines bring out the main purpose of the poem?

These lines creates an imagery some sort of up and down motion. The line “Fly,
genius unconfined”, the speaker is telling the young excellent minds to soar high, and the
line “descend with light of truth” to go down and explore the world of science
and art. The line “Fly, genius unconfined” is creating an upward motion imagery and the
line “descend with light of truth” is creating a downward motion imagery. These lines
create an illustration to us readers like some sort of filling the void. It brings out the main
purpose of the poem, as the speaker calls the Filipino youth as the “Hope of my
 motherland” and he encourages to them to explore the world and fill the gaps that our
country is lacking for the purpose of the country’s betterment.

9. How would you describe the “Youth” based on the positive imagery created by the words
“profound, resplendent, noble, etc.”?

The positive imagery created by the words “profound, resplendent, noble, etc.”
gives an impression to me that the Filipino youths are righteous, excellent, intelligent,
skillful, creative and free-spirited.

THINK AND REFLECT

Is the Filipino youth of today still the hope of the Motherland that Rizal envisioned? Explain
your answer.
I believe yes, Filipino youth is still a hope of our motherland. Even if there were a lot of
things that may allowed people now a days to think that youth become very irresponsible, there
were also a lot of youth out there who dreamt to have a great future and to help to the
progression of this country. Aside from the fact that all people will die and new generation will
arise, truly youth now are more intelligent and continually making the world a better and
convenient place to live with. Through also the help of emerging technology, it become easy to
preserve those historical things and events as well as cultures.

ANALYZE LITERATURE: Rhyme and Repetition

Think about the rhyme scheme, alliteration, and assonance you noticed while reading the poem.
How does the author’s use of these affect the feeling of the poem? Do you think the author’s
method is effective? Why?

The author effectively use the rhyme scheme, alliteration, and assonance, it help the
poem to become much better and add connection to the readers. This also provide string from the
author to the reader in order for them to relay and analyze the poem. The author’s techniques is
very good to catch the interest of the reader to finish the poem as well as to appreciate and
internalize it.

USE READING SKILLS: Scan for Repetition

Underline the end rhyme/s, and give the rhyme scheme of the stanzas or lines using the letters of
the alphabet. Write your label on the space provided after each line. Determine also the feeling
that is conveyed in each stanza or poem. A sample has been done for you.

1. “I had fun when I was a child __a____

I’d go crazy and I’d go really wild__a___
Thought that childhood was for eternity___b___
And this wouldn’t be my destiny”__b____
—Jaime Rivera, “Set Me Free” Feeling: Nostalgia
2. “Shall I compare you to a rainbowed shower___a_____
Drawing to earth the very arc of dream,___b_____
Or shall I say you are an orchid flower___a______
That fevers men beside a jungle stream?”____b____
—Angela Manalang-Gloria, “To Lovely Woman”
Feeling: Admiration
3. “Bituin sa langit at rosas sa hardin,___a_____
parang nagtipanan at naghalikan din;____a____
nang di na mangyaring sa umaga gawin,___a____
ginanap sa gabi’y lalo pang napansin.”____a______
—Jose Corazon de Jesus, “Ang Posporo Ng Diyos” Feeling: Love