PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2023-05-02

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Wasted casting sand is mechanically separated into bits by a mechanical device to create clean sand. Sand that has been
mechanically crushed to a grain size is coupled with heat energy in a thermal reclamation system to burn off any remaining
resins.

Before sand can be processed in a thermal system, lumps must be reduced in a mechanical system, with the following
sequence of components: shakeout deck; attrition mill; elevating device; surge
hopper; magnetic separator; agglomerate screener; fluid bed classifier (cooling optional); elevating or pneumatic
transportation device; bulk storage silo for mechanically reclaimed sand; and dust collector

The procedure of thermal reclamation involves heating the sand to a temperature of roughly 800°C. The sand grains that
come from the lump crusher are often heated beforehand. and injected into the combustor, where it is fluidized by
carefully regulated air flow at desired pressure.(Rehman, 2015)

Equipments: Sand preheating unit, Air preheater, Fluidized bed combustor, dust extraction system, skip hoist, fluidized bed
cooler, pneumatic sand transporter.

Additional benefits of using thermal reclamation include:

• better size accuracy of castings

• improved casting surface

• lower fettling effort

• less waste

• reduced need for binders

Higher casting quality: Foundries can minimise expansion faults with the use of thermally reclaimed sand, which is one of
its key benefits. Due to the importance of this for cast surfaces such as impellers, volutes, etc., foundries frequently run
brand-new sand through the thermal system.

Drawbacks: large equipments, high price, lengthy process

The lumps are initially crushed into grain size by dry reclamation procedures. Then, a portion of the binder around the sand
grains is removed by mechanical or pneumatic abrasion. Employed are lump breakers. Dry classification is used to separate
and remove released fines. The clay coating on the surface of the sand grain is scrubbed off by the impact of the sand, and
the resulting particles are transferred to a dust collector.

Sand falls into the blast tube owing to gravity, while air from the blower (located at the bottom) rises to clean the surface.
Sand grains go through two rounds of attrition. If there is a next cell, scrubbed sand either goes there or stays put in that
cell.

Degree of cleanliness determined by:

 Retention time in cells

 Number of cells

 Sand exiting final cell should be screened

Mechanical Scrubbing:

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Mechanical scrubbing techniques come in two varieties: horizontal and vertical. The unit's centre is fed with sand.
Sand is thrown against the target ring (if it is horizontal) or plate by the impellers (in case of vertical) Vertical type units can
be installed in series for more scrubbing.

Breaking equipment, demagnetizing equipment, heating equipment, dry reclamation machines, and winnowers are the key
components of dry reclamation.

Shortcomings:

● Binder is not removed completely

● Sand obtained Can only be used as support sand

● In case of clay bonded sands, sands with high clay content is difficult to reclaim by dry reclamation.

● High wear parts are the impellers, targets and the tube.

Wet scrubbing is a method of wet reclamation in which water currents, jets, and agitation vigorously move and rub
together suspended sand grains. Remaining binders are dissolved by water, which releases the sand particles. Wet
reclamation has primarily been used for sodium silicate-bonded sands, where the entire binder residue may be removed
successfully. Additionally, casting hydraulic cleaning and decoration can be combined with wet reclamation. The same
pressures will still be a major design consideration. This would obviously tip the scales away from the current situation
when the only alternative to reclamation is landfill dumping. (Rehman, 2015)

Basic steps involved:

1. Screening and demagnetization

2. Creating a sand-water slurry

3. Passing slurry through a primary classifier

4. Wet scrubbing

5. Dehydration and drying

Main equipment: breaking equipment, demagnetizing equipment, Wet reclaiming, dehydrating equipment, Drying
equipment, Sewage disposal equipment

Shortcomings:

Issues with slurry disposal, Clay-bonded systems cannot always be recovered, high ongoing expenses.

2.4 Research gap

Because of their financial constraints, the majority of small-scale foundries are unable to set up a sand reclamation system.
The two determining aspects for a system's viability are its economy and efficiency, and it has been discovered that the
majority of systems on the market today lack at least one of these elements. Reclaimed sand can have a high cost per
tonne of sand since the equipment needs room and early expenditures, and the recovered sand itself may not have the
qualities needed to build a mould depending on the procedures it goes through.

2.5 Objectives

 To design a small-scale sand reclamation plant.

 Thermal calculations for heat requirement.

 Theoretical design for model.

 To develop 3d models based on thermal calculations.

 Comparison of energy cost to establish feasibility.

Matched Source

Similarity 34%
Title:Advances in Sand Reclamation

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Feb 5, 2021 — Before sand can be processed in a thermal system, lumps must be reduced in a mechanical system, with the
following sequence of components: ...
https://www.foundrymag.com/molds-cores/article/21154386/advances-in-sand-reclamation

Similarity 7%
Title:Sand Reclamation Techniques | PDF
Sand exiting final cell should be screened. Dry Reclamation Mechanical Scrubbing. Two types-horizontal and vertical. Sand is
fed into the center of the unit
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/325670758/Sand-Reclamation-techniques

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