IT INFRASTRACTURE

WHAT IS IT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Information technology (IT) infrastructure are the components
required to operate and manage enterprise IT environments. IT
infrastructure can be deployed within a cloud computing system,
or within an organization's own facilities.
• These components include hardware, software, networking
components, an operating system (OS), and data storage, all of
which are used to deliver IT services and solutions. IT
infrastructure products are available as downloadable software
applications that run on top of existing IT
resources—like software-defined storage—or as online
solutions offered by service
providers—like Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS).
 Why IT infrastructure is important

Technology powers nearly every aspect of today’s businesses, from an individual

employee’s work to operations to goods and services. When properly networked,
technology can be optimized to improve communication, create efficiencies and increase
productivity.

If an IT infrastructure is flexible, reliable and secure, it can help an enterprise meet its goals
and provide a competitive edge in the market. Alternatively, if an IT infrastructure isn’t
properly implemented, businesses can face connectivity, productivity and security issues
like system disruptions and breaches. Overall, having a properly implemented infrastructure
can be a factor in whether a business is profitable or not.
 With an IT infrastructure, a company can:

- Provide a positive customer experience by providing uninterrupted access to its website and online
store.
- Develop and launch solutions to market with speed.
- Collect data in real time to make quick decisions.
- Improve employee productivity.
How do the components of IT infrastructure work?

• The components of IT infrastructure are made up of interdependent elements, and the

two core groups of components are hardware and software. Hardware uses software
like an operating system to work. And likewise, an operating system manages system
resources and hardware. Operating systems also make connections between software
applications and physical resources using networking components.
 Types of infrastructure

Traditional infrastructure

• A traditional IT infrastructure is made up of

the usual hardware and software
components: facilities, data centers,
servers, networking hardware desktop
computers and enterprise application
software solutions. Typically, this
infrastructure setup requires more power,
physical space and money than other
infrastructure types. A traditional
infrastructure is typically installed
on-premises for company-only, or private,
use.
Hardware

Hardware components can include:

- Desktop computers
- Servers
- Data centers
- Hubs
- Routers
- Switches
- Facilities
 Software

Software components can include:

- Content management systems (CMS)

- Customer relationship management (CRM)
- Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
- Operating systems
- Web servers
• Facilities
Facilities or physical plants provide space for
networking hardware, servers and data centers. It
also includes the network cabling in office buildings
to connect components of an IT infrastructure
together.
• Network
Networks are comprised of switches, routers, hubs and
servers. Switches connect network devices on local
area networks (LAN) like routers, servers and other
switches. Routers allow devices on different LANs to
communicate and move packets between networks.
Hubs connect multiple networking devices to act as a
single component.

• Server
A core hardware component needed for an enterprise
IT infrastructure is a server. Servers are essentially
computers that allow multiple users to access and
share resources.

• Server room/data center

Organizations house multiple servers in rooms called
server rooms or data centers. Data centers are the
core of most networks.
Cloud infrastructure

• A cloud computing IT infrastructure is

similar to traditional infrastructure. However,
end users can access the infrastructure via
the internet, with the ability to use
computing resources without installing
on-premises through virtualization.
Virtualization connects physical servers
maintained by a service provider at any or
many geographical locations. Then, it
divides and abstracts resources, like
storage, to make them accessible to users
almost anywhere an internet connection
can be made. Because cloud infrastructure
is often public, it’s usually referred to as a
public cloud.
An optimal IT infrastructure

• IT infrastructure setups vary by business needs and goals, but some goals are universal for
every enterprise. The optimal infrastructure will provide a business high-performance
storage, a low-latency network, security, an optimized wide area network (WAN),
virtualization and zero downtime.
An optimal IT infrastructure

- High-performance storage systems store and back up data and include a data recovery system in case of disasters.
- Low-latency networks use enterprise-level infrastructure components to reduce the delay of data flow.
- Secure infrastructures include systems that control information access and data availability. It can also safeguard a
business against breaches and cyberattacks wherever the data resides, maintaining the customers’ trust.
- WANs manage the network by prioritizing traffic and giving certain applications more or less bandwidth as needed.
- Virtualization provides faster server provisioning, increases uptime, improves disaster recovery and saves energy.
- Zero downtime aims to reduce disruptions to business operations and eliminates system downtime to keep costs
down and profits up.

- Back ups
What is Network Technology?

Network Technology uses data systems to

handle as well as deliver digital resources
through a computer network. To maintain a
network in industries, they use computer
system hardware and software, but specialists
are required to handle them. A network is used
to transfer the data in between networked
infrastructures efficiently.
Types of Network Technology

There are two types of network technology based on transmission and scale.
• Based on Transmission
The network technology based on transmission can be classified into two types like point to
point and multipoint.
Point-to-Point

When nodes in the network are connected directly, then data transmission can be done using a
guided medium intended for the wired network. Similarly, the data can be transmitted through an
unguided medium intended for wireless medium. The simple point-to-point network technology is
shown below
 Multi-Point
The connection of several nodes can be done directly linearly using a common medium is known as
multi-point. It is similar to a single device to several device modes for data transmission. The
multi-point network describes a multi-point technology that is utilized in computer networks.

The multi-point transmission concept mainly works on two connections either time sharing or spatially
shared. In the connection of time-sharing, every node can be offered an independent time slot for
communicating whereas in the connection of spatially shared, at a time all the nodes can be
communicated.
Based on Scale
The network technology based on the scale is classified into different types like LAN, MAN, VAN, PAN
& VPN

• LAN
The term LAN stands for Local area network. It is an IEEE 802 network that includes different devices
like computers, mobiles, laptops which are connected jointly in a small range that ranges are from
100m -10KM. The elements of LAN include peripheral devices like printers, scanners, NIC, HUBs,
cables, nodes/computers/host/PC/workstation/ server.
LAN
• MAN
• The term MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. In this network, multiple LANs are
connected using a networking device which is named a Bridge to form a MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network).
• WAN
The term ‘WAN’ stands for “wide area network”. In this type of network, several Metropolitan Area
Networks or MANs are combined jointly using a networking device namely Router to form a WAN
(Wide Area Network). These networks are classified into two types like public WAN and private
WAN. The elements of WAN are router, bridge, gateway, etc.
Public WAN can be handled by different departments of government.
Private WAN was developed through the Department of US Military Defence wing known as
ARPANET.
-ADVANCE RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY NET
• PAN
The term PAN stands for personal area network which
• VPN
The term VPN stands for virtual private network, which is established on the public network for
transmitting and communicating data from node to node. If a user has VPN access then he can
send data secretly without limits.
• WLAN
The WLAN stands for wireless local area network. This network works similar to a LAN but WLAN
uses wireless network technology like Wi-Fi. The applications of this network are similar to LAN but
these networks don’t need the devices which rely on cables to unite to the network.
 • CAN
A network like CAN stands for Campus Area Network. As compared to LANs, these networks are
larger, however smaller than MAN. These networks are normally used in large schools, universities,
small businesses, etc. These can be extended across numerous buildings which are quite close to
each other so that users can transmit resources.
 • SAN
SAN or storage area network is a high-speed network, used to connect storage devices to
different servers. SANs don’t rely on other networks like LAN/WA but, they can shift storage resources
away to situate them into their high-performance network
SANs can be accessed in the same way as a drive connected to a server. These networks are
classified into different types like converged, unified SANs & virtual.
• EPN
The network-like EPN stands for Enterprise Private Network. These networks are designed as well
as owned by businesses to connect their different locations securely to divide computer resources.
• POLAN
The term POLAN stands for Passive Optical Local Area Network. This network is an alternative
to the usual Ethernet LANs based on a switch.
POLAN is used in structured cabling to conquer worries about supporting traditional Ethernet
protocols & network applications like Power over Ethernet. A POLAN & LAN architecture based
on point-to-multipoint utilizes optical splitters to divide an optical signal from single- mode optical
fiber to several signals to serve customers & devices.
 Advantages & Disadvantages
• The advantages of network technology include the following:
∙ It is very flexible
∙ Not expensive
∙ Improve the capacity of storage
∙ It enhances communication as well as the accessibility of data
∙ Files sharing are very easy
∙ It is used to share resources conveniently
 The disadvantages of network technology include the following:
∙ It requires an efficient engineer to operate
∙ An exclusive setup is required
∙ It allows malware and viruses.
∙ It forms security difficulties.
Latest network technologies
Group work
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Multi Cloud Technology
Cloud Repatriation
Three drivers of Cloud Repatriation are:
Edge Computing
Internet of Things (IoT)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Intent Based Networking
Wireless Data Links for Drones
Quantum Computing
5G Network Technologies
Business wide Networking Fabric
Serverless Computing
Digital Twin

Nano Network Technology