Earth Science Midterm Reviewer

History of the Earth

1. This type of rock is form on or near the Earth’s surface where erosion,
weathering, dissolution, precipitation are some of the processes to the creation of
this rock. What type of rock is this? Sedimentary Rock

2. This type of process is used to sequence geological events and the rocks they
leave behind, but it does not provide actual numerical dates. Relative Dating

3. This principle speaks about the sequence of sedimentary rocks from the oldest
being at the bottom and the youngest at the top. Principle of Superposition

4. This principle of relative dating expresses the connection of strata (layers of

sedimentary rocks) even if the rocks were divided by natural phenomenon.
Principle of Lateral Continuity

5. What do you call the method of reading layers of sedimentary rocks?

Stratigraphy

6. These are very important for working out the relative ages of sedimentary rocks.
Fossils

7. What do you call the process where fossils are used to match the rocks of the
same age? Correlation by fossils

8. What is the process where scientists find the exact age of an object? Absolute
Dating

9. What will happen if an isotope is unstable? Radioactive decay

10. Radioactive isotope is also called parent isotope. True

11. How many half-lives would it take for 37g of C14 to become 0.2891g? 7 half-lives

12. Given that 1-half life of C-14 is equal to 5730 years, how many years would it
take for 37g of C14 to become 0.2891g? 40 110 years
 13. Calculate the age of the rock with 75g of K-40 and 38g of Ar-40. 768784993.9

14. What is the age of the rock with 42g of uranium-235 and 19g of led-207?
376902098.44 or 3.77x10/\8

15. If a fossil has 27g of C-14 and 13g of N-14, what would be the age of the fossil?
3249.213 or 3.25x10/\3

Earth and Earth Subsystems

1. Which of the following is not a type of life forms in Earth? Asteroids

2. It protects the planet against the solar winds of the sun. Magnetic field

3. Which of the following is not caused by geological process caused by Earth's

plate tectonics that are very unique in Earth? Typhoon

4. Which of the following is not true about plate tectonics?  Plate tectonics is not a
unique characteristic of Earth.

5. Which of the following is not a major plate? Russian

6. It is the layer of the atmosphere where weather happens. Troposphere

7. Which of the following is a trace gas that comprises less than 1% of the Earth's
atmosphere? Water vapor
8. The Earth's hydrosphere comprises 3/4 of the Earth's surface. True

9. Which of the following weather or climactic condition do not involve the

hydrosphere? Volcanic eruption

10. The Earth's hydrosphere also includes the ice water in glaciers and polar regions.
True

11. The biosphere is a group of organisms of the same species. False

12. There are three domains of organisms: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. True

13. This terrestrial biome is characterized by very dry environment, low species
diversity, and very hot climate during daytime and very cold climate at night time.
Deserts

14. Which term refers to the habitable zone? Goldilocks condition

15. Which of the following composed majority of the air in our atmosphere? Nitrogen

16. Which term refers to the frozen water part of the Earth System? Cryosphere

17. Which of the following are the requirements for a planet to sustain life? Presence
of the liquid water, available heat source, and existence of an atmosphere (idk all
choices were correct to me here)

18. A. Heat coming from the Earth is caused by radiogenic heat from the radioactive
decay of materials.
B. External heating of the Earth comes from the atmosphere.
Answer: Only first statement is true

19. A. The Earth has four subsystems and one of them is the geosphere.
B. Geosphere is the layer where geologic processes, like plate movements,
occur.
Answer: Both statements are true

20. Scientists believe that water on Earth came from two possible sources: Water
released through volcanism and water that came from the icy meteors
Rock and Mineral Resources
1. Open pits called ________ are used to mine stone and gravel. Quarries
2. What refers to the property of a mineral to break into planes of weaknesses?
Cleavage

3. The following are effects of a limited cooling, EXCEPT _______. A coarse

mineral will be embedded on the rock.

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of surface mining? Underground

mining

5. Which kind of site would a company most likely to mine? Those containing
minerals that can be economically extracted

6. What would most likely contaminate a river after dredging? Muddy sediments

7. Which of the following processes involves the production of ore deposits that are
accumulated through geologic activity? Internal Process

8. The following are different processes or mechanisms that create the different
rock types EXCEPT ________. Weathering

9. Which of the following refers to the ore that has been concentrated by wind or
water? Placer deposits

10. Which refers to a foliated rock with banding composed of feldspar, mica, and
quartz? Gneiss

11. What rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma? Igneous
rocks

12. Which of the following undergoes both heat and pressure to form? Metamorphic
rocks

13. Which of the following refers to the second most abundant metal on Earth usually
used for steels, fertilizers, glass and even rocket boosters? Iron

14. Which of the following processes is NOT producing a sedimentary rock? When
pressure separates minerals into alternating light and dark layers.

15. Which type of rock has been formed and solidified on Earth's surface? Volcanic
Igneous Rocks