FOR35 5crAB10 PDF

ALBERTA DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE
Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Assignment Booklet 10
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Lesson 1 23
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Revised February 2018

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Footwear, Tire, and
Tool Mark Impressions
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Footwear, Tire, and Tool Mark Impressions ADLC Assignment Booklet 10
Value Lesson 1: Forensic Analysis of Footwear Impressions

23
10 Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
Decide which choice best completes the statement or answers the question. Print the letter
that corresponds to your choice on the blank next to the question.
��
B 1. All footwear evidence can be classified as either
A. plastic or visible
B. impressions or prints
C. latent or three-dimensional
D. low-density or two-dimensional
��
A 2. Upon which of the following surfaces would plastic footwear evidence most
likely be found?
A. Mud
B. Carpet
C. Car door
D. Tile flooring
��
D 3. Where would latent footwear evidence most likely be found at a crime
scene?
A. Garden
B. Sandbox
C. Area rug
D. Wood floor
��
D 4. A footwear impression left by a suspect who is running will be typically
A. wider in the mid-section

B. larger in the mid-section
C. deeper in the toe and heel sections
D. shallower in the toe and heel sections
��
B 5. The measurement of a single footwear impression can help investigators
approximate successfully
A. the height of the suspect

B. the weight of the suspect
C. the occupation of the suspect
D. the nationality of the suspect
Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit) 1

ADLC Assignment Booklet 10 Footwear, Tire, and Tool Mark Impressions
��
d 6. The bottom tread or sole of every piece of used footwear exhibits
A. similar sole patterns and logos

B. large amounts of trace materials
C. various kinds of organic material
D. unique tread wear patterns or damage
��
c 7. Photographs of footwear obtained from a suspect routinely are compared to
A. shoes taken from the suspect(s)

B. shoes obtained from the victim(s)
C. preserved footwear impressions or prints from the crime scene
D. footwear impressions or prints from the footwear reference database
��
b 8. Upon what type of footwear evidence would Gelatin Lifters be used?
A. Prints in mud
B. Impressions in sand
C. Impressions in snow
D. Prints on a wood floor
��
d 9. To collect a footwear impression that is found in sand, the sand particles
must first be fixed in place by
A. applying heat with a blow dryer

B. using Bio-foam Impression Foam
C. using an electrostatic lifting device
D. applying an aerosol resin, glue, or hair spray
��
c 10. Which of the following statements describes the type of footwear evidence
found at the Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman murder scene?
A. Plastic footwear impressions in the garden

B. Visible footwear prints on the front pathway
C. Latent bloody shoe prints leading into the condominium
D. Bloody shoe prints leading away from the condominium
2 Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Part B: Numeric-Response Questions
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Descriptions of Various Technologies Used to Collect Footwear Evidence
1. Reacts with blood residue by producing a green-blue light

2. Reduces the effect of melting snow thus allowing a cast to be made
3. Flexible, slightly elastic, adhesive plastic sheets that copy footwear prints
4. Lifts latent footwear prints by using the charge difference between a film and surface
2 1. Match the numbered dsecription above with the correct technology shown below
Description: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

3 1 2 4
Technology: Handiprint Luminol Aerosol wax Electrostatic
lifting device
Examples of Footwear Evidence
1. Shoe print size corresponded with Simpson’s height

2. Photograph of Simpson wearing Lorenzo Bruno Magli shoes
3. Simpson wore the same size shoes (12) as the shoe prints found
4. Receipt for Lorenzo Bruno Magli shoes found at Simpson’s home
5. Simpson had shopped at a store that sold Lorenzo Bruno Magli shoes
6. Shoe prints at crime scene matched shoe prints found in Simpson’s car
2 2. The four types of footwear evidence numbered above that were presented by
prosecuting attorneys at the O.J. Simpson double murder trial were ______,
2 ______,
4
______,
5 and ______.
6
(Record your answer from the lowest number to the highest.)

Part C: Written-Response Questions
Provide appropriate answers to the following. Explanations are best given in sentences.
4 1. Describe in four steps how footwear impressions in soft surfaces are collected.
First, the area surrounding the impression is secured and photographed. Next, the
impression is dusted with a fine powder to enhance its visibility. Then, a dental stone
or casting material is poured into the impression and allowed to harden. Finally, the
casting material is carefully lifted and packaged for further examination.
2 2. How can the analysis of footwear impressions help to determine the activity of the
person wearing the shoes? Provide an example as part of your answer.
The analysis of footwear impressions can reveal the type of surface the shoes contacted,
the direction of travel, and the speed of the wearer. For example, a shoe impression
with elongated toe markings suggests the wearer was running or walking quickly.
3 3. Describe what FBI agent William Bodziak did when he could not find a match for the
sole pattern exhibited by the bloody shoe prints found at the O.J. Simpson crime
scene. Explain whether he was successful.
FBI agent William Bodziak created a database of over 8,000 shoe sole patterns and
used it to try to match the bloody shoe prints found at the O.J. Simpson crime scene.
He was unsuccessful in finding a match and ultimately the defense argued that the
prints could have been made by other shoes with similar patterns.

Value Lesson 2: Forensic Analysis of Tire Impressions

24
��
a 1. Which of the following statements describes the tire tread best suited for a
race car?
A. A smooth surface
B. A large number of sipes
C. Deep grooves and numerous ribs
D. Straight grooves and angled ribs
��
c 2. Which of the following characteristics is the most common cause of wear
patterns on tire treads?
A. Abnormal tire size

B. Winter driving conditions
C. Improper wheel alignment
D. Numerous vehicle collisions
��
d 3. What do investigators do first when a suspect vehicle is found that is
thought to be responsible for the tire tracks at a crime scene?
A. Make casts of the tires

B. Make tire test impressions
C. Remove and analyze the tires
D. Take photographs of the tires
��
b 4. During the ‘ink and paper’ tire test impression method, the ink is applied to
A. the suspect’s vehicle’s tires that then are rolled across paper
B. tire cast impressions that then are pressed onto paper
C. the victim’s vehicle’s tires that then are rolled across paper
D. crime scene tire tracks that then are pressed onto paper
��
b 5. Track width measurements are useful to a police investigation because they
can
A. serve as a backup procedure to cast impressions

B. reduce the possible number of suspect vehicle models
C. determine the exact make and model of the suspect vehicle
D. indicate in which direction the suspect vehicle left the crime scene

��
D 6. To predict the direction that a suspect vehicle moved at a crime scene,
which of the following characteristics do investigators analyze?
A. Tread design, track width, and wear patterns

B. Time of day, seasonal temperatures, and wind direction
C. Shape of grooves, ribs, sipes, and tire circumference
D. Bent vegetation, soil and/or snow droppings, and splash patterns
��
B 7. If a small pool of oil or washer fluid is found on the ground near tire tracks at
a crime scene, it can be assumed that
A. the back of a vehicle was situated above the pool

B. the front of a vehicle was situated above the pool
C. a vehicle that recently hit a large object was present at the crime scene
D. a vehicle that was damaged and required repair was present at the crime
scene
��
C 8. What buildings were targeted by arsonists in Alabama in February 2006?
A. Barns
B. Schools
C. Baptist churches
D. Catholic churches
��
C 9. The arson suspects tried to divert suspicion from where they lived by
A. targeting schools instead of Baptist churches

B. setting fires to Catholic churches instead of barns
C. committing a series of arson fires in a different area
D. phoning police and claiming to have witnessed fires in a different area
��
C 10. What was surprising about the identities of the arsonists who were
responsible for the Alabama fires?
A. They were older than predicted.

B. They were younger than predicted.
C. They were upper middle-class and had no criminal records.
D. They were lower middle-class and had been arrested for burglary.

Tire Impression Descriptions
1. Used to record a tire test impression

2. Characteristics of a tire tread that improve traction
3. Displaced in the direction of travel by a vehicle moving at a moderate speed
4. Space between a set of tire tracks that often differs among vehicle models
2 1. Match the description numbered above with the correct term shown below.
Description: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

2 3 4 1
Term: Sipes Track Droppings Grease-
width magnetic wand
Events in the Serial Arson Fires in Alabama
1. Suspects make a plan after following local news reports.

2. Five churches are set ablaze relatively close to Birmingham, Alabama.
3. Tire impressions link the suspect vehicle to six of the nine arson fires.
4. Four arson church fires occur relatively far away from Birmingham, Alabama.
1 2. The correct sequence of the events numbered above is ______,

1 ______,
2 ______,
4 and
______.
3

3 1. What are three causes of the unique characteristics found in tire treads?
The three causes of unique characteristics found in tire treads are the design of the
tire, the materials used to make the tire, and the wear pattern created by use.
2 2. State one advantage and one disadvantage of soft tire treads.

The advantage of soft tire treads is that they provide good traction, but the disadvantage
is that they wear out more quickly than harder treads.
3 3. Provide three reasons tire impressions are photographed at a crime scene.

Tire impressions are photographed at a crime scene to create a permanent record
of the evidence, to help in the comparison and identification process, and to aid in
the investigation and reconstruction of the crime.
3 4. Explain how tire impression evidence helped to identify the serial arsonists in Alabama
in 2006.
Tire impressions collected from the arson scenes were analyzed, and investigators
were able to link them to a specific make and model of vehicle. This information,
combined with other evidence, led to the identification and arrest of the serial arsonists resp

Value Lesson 3: Forensic Analysis of Tool Mark Impressions

24
��
d 1. When compared to marks left by a similar tool, the marks caused by a tool at
a crime scene are unique because of
A. the size of the tool

B. the force that the suspect applied while making the marks
C. the relative hardness of the surface
D. wear patterns
��
a 2. Tool mark evidence at crime scenes is found most commonly at crime
scenes involving
A. forced entry
B. illegal drugs
C. an armed robbery
D. a homicide
��
a 3. An impressed tool mark occurs when
A. a tool is pushed onto a soft surface

B. a tool slides across a soft surface once
C. a tool slides across a soft surface repetitively
D. pressure is applied on opposite sides of an object
��
c 4. Which of the following activities produces a striated tool mark?
A. A saw is used to cut a handle.

B. A key is scraped along a car door.
C. Wire cutters are used to cut a chain.
D. A hammer is used to pound on a doorknob.
��
d 5. When investigators observe tool marks at a crime scene, the first thing that
is done is that the tool marks are
A. lifted
B. removed
C. preserved
D. photographed

��
C 6. Which of the following procedures is used to collect and analyze a tool mark
left upon a large surface?
A. Photographs are taken.

B. Tool marks are replicated in a soft, pliable metal.
C. A silicone rubber cast is made.
D. Tool marks are replicated in jewellery modeling wax.
��
A 7. One of the main goals of tool mark analysis is to determine
A. where the tool was used

B. the force applied by the suspect while making the marks
C. where the tool was manufactured and distributed
D. the time at which the tool was used to commit the crime
��
D 8. Which of the following technologies is used in a forensics lab to analyze tool
marks collected from a crime scene?
A. Extruder gun
B. Silicone rubber cast
C. Electron microscope
D. Comparison microscope
��
C 9. Which of the following tools did forensic experts think Danny Rosenthal used
to kill his father?
A. Jigsaw
B. Hammer
C. Crowbar
D. Hacksaw
��
C 10. The tool that forensic experts believe left marks upon Milton Rosenthal’s
bone fragments was a
A. chisel
B. jigsaw
C. hacksaw
D. bolt cutter

Activities that Produce Tool Marks
1. A hacksaw is used to cut the lock from a gate.

2. A wirecutter is used to cut the cables of a vehicle’s engine.
3. A hammer is used by a male suspect to crush a human skull.
4. A box cutter is used by a suspect to scrape the serial number from a laptop computer.
2 1. Match the activities numbered above with the type of tool mark shown below.
Activity: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

3 4 1 2
Type of Crush Impressed Striated Multi-stroke
Tool Mark:
Possible Events That May Have Occurred in the Rosenthal Double Murder Case
1. Danny Rosenthal went to France to visit his father.

2. The dismembered head of Leah Rosenthal was found in a sewer.
3. Leah Rosenthal visited her son at his London home.
4. Tool marks were found in bones from Milton Rosenthal’s body.
5. Investigators found tool mark evidence in Danny Rosenthal’s home.
6. Danny Rosenthal used a crowbar to crush Leah Rosenthal’s skull.
1 2. The correct sequence of the events shown above that occurred in the Rosenthal double
murder case is ______,
3 ______,
1 ______,
4 and ______.
6

3 1. Identify three types of information that can be determined from tool mark evidence.
Types of information that can be determined from tool mark evidence include the
type of tool used, the direction of the tool mark, and the origin of the tool.
2 2. Why is it important for investigators to find a tool used in a crime as soon as possible?
It is important for investigators to find a tool used in a crime as soon as possible to prevent t
3 3. Identify three types of trace evidence that may be found on the surface of a tool used
to commit a crime.
Types of trace evidence that may be found on the surface of a tool used to commit a
crime include hairs, fibers, and skin cells.
3 4. How do tool mark examiners compare a suspect tool with preserved tool marks from a
crime scene?
Tool mark examiners compare a suspect tool with preserved tool marks from a crime
scene by examining the size, shape, and other characteristics of the marks and using
microscopes and other instruments to measure the marks.

Value Lesson 4: Crime Case Studies Involving Footwear, Tire, and Tool
22 Mark Impressions
Crime Case Study 10.4: Left in the Woods to Die
��
C 1. The cause of Mary Lou Arruda’s death was
A. stab wounds
B. hypothermia
C. strangulation
D. internal bleeding
��
c 2. In the area where Mary Lou Arruda disappeared, five witnesses saw
A. Mary Lou talking to an unknown man

B. an unknown man in a green car
C. Mary Lou’s bicycle in the trunk of a green car
D. an unknown cyclist following Mary Lou
��
d 3. Prior to the Mary Lou Arruda case, in 1969, James Kater was convicted of
A. theft of a green 1976 Opel car

B. theft of a teenage girl’s bicycle
C. sexual assault of a 15-year-old girl
D. abduction and assault of a 13-year-old girl
��
A 4. What were the two pieces of physical evidence found near Mary Lou’s
bicycle?
A. A cigarette and tire impressions

B. A fingerprint and green paint chips
C. A newspaper and a shoe impression
D. A hair strand and dark-rimmed glasses

��
B 5. Evidence that helped support the theory that James Kater hit Mary Lou with
his car was
A. a black mark on the front fender of his car

B. blood spatter on the passenger door of his car
C. a dent on the handle bar of Mary Lou’s bicycle
D. green paint on the back tire of Mary Lou’s bicycle
Crime Case Study 10.5: The Last Dance
��
A 6. David Haughn told a 911 operator that Catherine Woods had been murdered
because
A. she did not answer when he called her cell phone

B. he found a bloodstained tool on the living room floor
C. he found a shoe print on the living room floor
D. she did not answer when he buzzed her apartment
��
B 7. When David Haughn was questioned by investigators, he did not
A. provide a DNA sample

B. remain silent or ask for a lawyer
C. show any emotion or provide an alibi
D. deny that he was involved in the murder
��
A 8. Paul Cortez told Catherine Wood’s parents that she should stop
A. topless dancing
B. ballroom dancing
C. living in New York
D. living with David Haughn
��
B 9. Where were the bloody shoe prints found at the crime scene?
A. Hallway floor, Catherine’s pants, and bedroom wall

B. Bedroom floor, bathroom floor, and living room wall
C. Living room floor, Catherine’s bed, and Catherine’s shirt
D. Bathroom wall, living room wall, and Catherine’s underwear
��
B 10. Just a few minutes prior to her murder, Paul Cortez phoned Catherine from
A. his apartment
B. an upscale workout center
C. the strip club where she worked
D. the street just down the block from her apartment

Events that Occurred in the Mary Lou Arruda Abduction and Murder Case
1. Mary Lou was tied to a tree in a wooded area.

2. Mary Lou was seen riding her bicycle home.
3. James Kater hit Mary Lou with his car.
4. Mary Lou loses consciousness and dies.
1 1. The correct sequence of events shown above that occurred in the Mary Lou Arruda
abduction and murder case is ______,
2 ______,
3 ______,
4 and ______.
1
Events that Occurred in the Catherine Woods Murder Case
1. David Haughn arrived at Catherine’s and his apartment in his car.

2. David Haughn phoned and buzzed Catherine’s apartment.
3. Paul Cortez phoned Catherine’s apartment seven times.
4. Catherine Woods was brutally murdered.
1 2. The correct sequence of events shown above that occurred in the Catherine Woods
murder case is ______,
2 ______,
3 ______,
1 and ______.
4

2 1. What was distinctive about the tire track prints found at the Mary Lou Arruda crime
scene?
The tire track prints found at the Mary Lou Arruda crime scene were distinctive
because they were made by an unusual type of tire that was sold in very limited
quantities.
2 2. How were police able to link James Kater’s car tires to the tire tracks found at the crime
scene?
Police were able to link James Kater’s car tires to the tire tracks found at the
crime scene by comparing the tread pattern of his tires with those found at the
crime scene.
2 3. a. What specific information was determined from the bloody shoe prints left at the
Catherine Woods crime scene?
The information determined from the bloody shoe prints left at the Catherine Woods
crime scene included the size of the shoe, the pattern of the sole, and the type
of material used.
2 b. Explain whether the information specified in 3.a., helped to determine the identity of
the killer.
Yes, this information helped to determine the identity of the killer as it allowed police
to narrow down the list of possible suspects to those who wore shoes of the same
size and pattern.
2 4. How did police collect fingerprints from Paul Cortez?

Police collected fingerprints from Paul Cortez by dusting surfaces of objects he
had touched in the crime scene for latent fingerprints.
End of Assignment Booklet 10

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info@adlc.ca Barrhead, Alberta T7N 1P4
Revised February 2018

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ALBERTA DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE

Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Apply Assignment Label Here

Revised February 2018

Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Box 4000, 4601 - 63 Avenue

For Users of Alberta Distance Learning Centre Courseware

Alberta Distance Learning Centre website:

The Internet can be a valuable source of information. However, because

Except where noted, all photos © iStock or Thinkstock.

1. Submit Assignment Booklets regularly for correction.

3. Check the following before submitting each Assignment Booklet:

o Are all assignments complete?

Successful completion of this course requires you to do the following:

Complete all sections in each Assignment Booklet to the best of your

Achieve at least 40% on the final exam. In accordance with Alberta

Achieve a final course mark of at least 50%.

If you choose to use a word processor for your written work,

First Incident Second Incident Third Incident

The student is given The student is given The student is removed

First Incidence Second Incidence

Value Lesson 1: Forensic Analysis of Footwear Impressions

A. wider in the mid-section

A. the height of the suspect

Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit) 1

A. similar sole patterns and logos

A. shoes taken from the suspect(s)

A. applying heat with a blow dryer

A. Plastic footwear impressions in the garden

2 Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Part B: Numeric-Response Questions

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Descriptions of Various Technologies Used to Collect Footwear Evidence

1. Reacts with blood residue by producing a green-blue light

Description: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Examples of Footwear Evidence

1. Shoe print size corresponded with Simpson’s height

(Record your answer from the lowest number to the highest.)

Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit) 3

Part C: Written-Response Questions

4 Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Value Lesson 2: Forensic Analysis of Tire Impressions

A. Abnormal tire size

A. Make casts of the tires

A. serve as a backup procedure to cast impressions

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A. Tread design, track width, and wear patterns

A. the back of a vehicle was situated above the pool

A. targeting schools instead of Baptist churches

A. They were older than predicted.

6 Forensic Science 35 (5 Credit)

Part B: Numeric-Response Questions

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Tire Impression Descriptions

1. Used to record a tire test impression

Description: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Events in the Serial Arson Fires in Alabama

1. Suspects make a plan after following local news reports.

1 2. The correct sequence of the events numbered above is ______,

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Part C: Written-Response Questions

Description:

Description:

Activity: