1. What is a bacteriophage?

a. A type of bacteria

b. A virus that infects bacteria

c. A type of antibiotic

d. A type of microbe

Answer: b. A virus that infects bacteria

2. Which of the following structures are found in bacteriophages?

a. Capsid and nucleic acid

b. Cell wall and cytoplasm

c. Ribosomes and mitochondria

d. Chloroplasts and flagella

Answer: a. Capsid and nucleic acid

3. Which of the following is true about the replication cycle of bacteriophages?

a. It involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome

b. It only occurs in lytic cycles

c. It requires the presence of a viral envelope

d. It can result in either the lytic or lysogenic cycle

Answer: d. It can result in either the lytic or lysogenic cycle

4. What is the function of the tail fibers in a bacteriophage?

a. To attach to host bacteria

b. To inject viral DNA into the host cell

c. To release new virions from the host cell

d. To replicate viral DNA within the host cell

Answer: a. To attach to host bacteria

5. Which of the following is a potential application of bacteriophages?

a. As a source of energy

b. As a treatment for bacterial infections

c. As a type of cellular transport

d. As a tool for gene editing

Answer: b. As a treatment for bacterial infections

6. What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic cycle in bacteriophages?

a. The lytic cycle involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome, while the lysogenic cycle
results in the death of the host cell

b. The lytic cycle results in the death of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle involves the integration of
viral DNA into the host genome

c. The lytic cycle only occurs in gram-positive bacteria, while the lysogenic cycle occurs in gram-negative
bacteria

d. The lytic cycle involves the formation of biofilms, while the lysogenic cycle results in the formation of
bacterial colonies

Answer: b. The lytic cycle results in the death of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle involves the
integration of viral DNA into the host genome

7. What is the role of endolysin in the lytic cycle of bacteriophages?

a. To attach to host bacteria

b. To inject viral DNA into the host cell

c. To release new virions from the host cell

d. To break down the host cell wall

Answer: d. To break down the host cell wall

8. What is the mechanism of action of bacteriophages in treating bacterial infections?

a. They destroy the bacterial cell membrane

b. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

c. They prevent bacterial DNA replication

d. They infect and kill the bacteria

Answer: d. They infect and kill the bacteria

9. What is the difference between a broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum bacteriophage?

a. Broad-spectrum phages infect a wide range of bacterial species, while narrow-spectrum phages only
infect a specific bacterial species or strain

b. Broad-spectrum phages only infect gram-negative bacteria, while narrow-spectrum phages infect
gram-positive bacteria

c. Broad-spectrum phages are more effective in treating bacterial infections than narrow-spectrum
phages

d. Narrow-spectrum phages are more effective in treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections than
broad-spectrum phages

Answer: a. Broad-spectrum phages infect a wide range of bacterial species, while narrow-s