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Jackfruit PPT Full PDF
Jackfruit PPT Full PDF
Aal Jigarkumar M.
M.Sc. Horticulture in
Fruit science (1St Semester)
Submitted To:
Dr. M. M. Masu
Assistant Research Scientist,
Directorate of Research,
University Bhavan, A.A.U., Anand. 388110
Introduction
Jackfruit is a tropical fruit species found in tropical, high rainfall, coastal
and humid areas of the world.
It belongs to family Moraceae.
Scientifically Artocarpus heterophyllus, it is the favourite fruit of many,
owing to its sweetness.
The name originated from its Malayalam name Chakka. It is also called
kathhal (hindi and urdu), pala (tamil), halasina hannu (kannada), panasa
pandu (telugu) and phanos (marathi and Konkani).
However, India is considered to be the native of jack fruit.
Jackfruit bearing world’s largest fruit is also known as poor man’s food.
Jackfruit is a hardy fruit plant being grown across the globe. It is the only
fruit which has less value as fruit but more as vegetable.
Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh.
Almost all parts of the plant has economical value however, fruits are the
main useful parts.
The jackfruit tree is widely cultivated in tropical regions of India,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and
the Philippines.
In our country, the trees are found distributed in southern states like Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, coastal Maharashtra and other states like,
Assam, Bihar, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and foothills of Himalayas.
The fleshy carpel which is botanically the perianth is the edible portion.
Apart from its use as a table fruit, jack is a popular fruit for preparation of
pickles, chips, jack leather and papad.
The fruit has got good potential for value addition into several products like
squash, jam, candy, halwa etc.
The ripe bulbs can be preserved for one year in sugar syrup or in the form of
sweetened pulp.
The unripe mature bulbs can be blanched and dehydrated for further use
through out the year.
Seed is a rich source of starch and a delicacy during season.
The timber is highly valued for its strength and sought for construction and
furniture. The dried leaves are stitched to make disposable plates.
Scientific classification/Growth & development Characteristics of
Jackfruit
Botanical name: Artocarpus heterophyllus
Genus: Artocarpus
Species: heterophyllus
Family: Moraceae
Order: Rosales
Irrigation
Tree does not need a regular irrigation.
Young trees can be watered during summer.
Frequency of irrigation depends on soil and climatic factors.
Weed management
Weed is not a serious problem for jackfruit. But, for the proper utilization of
nutrient and light, the field should be free from weeds.
Manual weeding with khurpi or mechanical weeding by hoe is the best way
to keep the field free from weed population.
Inter-space may also be kept clean to avoid the harbouring of insect-pests
and diseases.
No research has been done on this aspect but general recommendation of
weed management is being advocated.
Orchard Management
Jackfruit is mainly grown in homestead gardens, community lands and some
times in orchard.
Being a neglected crop, no specific orchard management practices have
been developed so far.
Attempts have been made to suggest balance nutrition, water management,
intercropping, disease and pest management in jackfruit plantations for
optimum production
Orchard Floor Management
Jackfruit is planted at 10 m spacing which provides enough space for
growing different crops such as vegetables, pulses, course cereals, oil seeds,
etc. in the interspaces at least up to 5-10 years.
After attaining full canopy, shade loving tuber crops like elephant foot yam,
turmeric, etc. have been recommended in soils with high organic matter
content.
The intercropping not only produces additional income but also reduces
weed population, enriches the orchard soil and help in elimination of many
pests and diseases hiding in the weeds in uncared jackfruit orchard.
In Phillippines, periodic weeding at every 3 months is practiced in jackfruit
orchard
Intercropping
Interspaces of orchard can be planted with vegetable crops like chilli,
bhindi, brinjal and pulses till trees reach bearing stage.
Flowering and Fruitset
Tree starts bearing from 6-8 years after planting.
According to locality and plant type, flowering
season start from November and extends upto
March.
Very rarely, off-season flowering during
September is noticed.
Tree is monoecious and inflorescence is a spike
covered by two spathes.
Female spikes are borne on footstalks from main
trunk or from main branches while male spikes
appear both on central and peripheral regions.
Sex of spike can be easily identified Female spikes
are large and surface gritty while male ones are small
with smooth surface.
A single male flower consists of a stamen covered by
perianth.
At the time of anthesis, stamens protrude out and
appear on surface of spike (catkin) and at peak
anthesis stage, outer surface of male spike will be
light yellow in colour due to the presence of anthers.
In a female flower, perianth encloses ovary and style.
Four to six days after opening of spike from spathe,
creamy white stigmas protrude out and surface looks
wooly or cream coloured.
Floral biology
All cultivated Artocarpus spp. are monoecious having
separate male and female flowers.
The inflorescence is called a spike. Spath