SBMT5730

MBA Accelerator – Python

Prof. James Kwok

Associate Professor of Business Education
Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

Email: jkwok@ust.hk
Course Plan – Part 7
Python – Python - Python – Python –
Introduction Python - App
Environment Basics Data Control Flow

Anaconda, Basic Syntax Packages and

Programming Variables if-then-else
VS Code help() Libraries

Data Types,
Data
Python Colab Comment Type Looping
Analytics
Conversion

print() String

input() Objects

Operators

2
 Program2_pt7.ipynb

Program 2: Currency Exchange

3
Currency Exchange
[1] while True:
print("1: HKG to CNY")
print("2: HKG to USD")
print("3: Exit")
break

[2] choice = 2

if choice==1:
print("choice 1")
elif choice==2:
print("choice 2")
elif choice==3:
print("choice 3")
else:
print("Other choice")

4
 Control Flow
Statements – if, elif, else
if-else
Objectives
while, break

5
Control Flow
Statements –
if-else

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if-else
A decision making process if-else

7
Control flow statements - Basics
• Control flow statements and program structure uses indentation to
mark blocks (or scopes)
• The amount of white space (space or tab characters) at the start of a
line is very important.
• Python uses boolean expressions to evaluate conditions. The Boolean
values True and False are returned when an expression is compared
or evaluated.

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Control flow statements –
Relational Operators
Symbol Meaning
== True, if it is equal
!= True, if not equal to
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to

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Control flow statements –
Boolean Operators
Operator Meaning
and Logical and
or Logical or
not Not

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if, elif, else

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if
if some_condition:
code block

[1] x = 12
if x > 10:
print("Hello")

Hello

[2] name = "James"

age = 22
if name == "James" and age == 22:
print("Your name is James, and you are 22 years old.")

if name == "John" or name == "James":

print("Your name is either John or James.")

Your name is James, and you are 22 years old.

Your name is either John or James.
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if, else
if some_condition:
code block
else:
code block

[1] x = 32
if 30 < x < 40:
print("HKUST")
else:
print("MBA")

HKUST

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if, elif, else
if some_condition:
code block
elif some_condition:
code block
else:
code block

[1] x = 10
y = 12
if x > y:
print("x>y")
elif x < y:
print("x<y")
else:
print("x=y")

x<y
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while, break

15
Looping
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times.

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while loop
while condition:
code block

[1] i = 1
while i < 3:
print(i ** 2)
i = i+1
print('Bye')

1
4
Bye

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break
• The break statement terminates the loop
containing it. Control of the program
flows to the statement immediately after
the body of the loop.
• If break statement is inside a nested loop
(loop inside another loop), break will
terminate the innermost loop.

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while loop with break

[1] while True:

n = int(input("Enter a number"))
if n == 0:
break
print("End")

Enter a number9
Enter a number8
Enter a number0
End

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 20

Exercise
 Exercise 4
• Write a currency exchange program.

[1] # Given program

# Exchange from HKD to CNY

hkd = float(input("Enter HK$: "))
cny = 0.83338212 * hkd
print("HK$",hkd," = CNY$",cny)

# Exchange from HKD to USD

hkd_to_usb = 0.12858993

hkd = float(input("Enter HK$: "))

usd = hkd_to_usb * hkd
print(f"Exchange rate: {hkd_to_usb}")
print(f"Result: HK${hkd:.3f} = US${usd:.3f}")

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Course Plan – Part 8
Python – Python - Python – Python –
Introduction Python - App
Environment Basics Data Control Flow

Anaconda, Basic Syntax Packages and

Programming Variables if-then-else
VS Code help() Libraries

Data Types,
Data
Python Colab Comment Type Looping
Analytics
Conversion

print() String

input() Objects

Operators

22
Program 3: Data Analytics
[1] # import packages
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# read data from csv

df=pd.read_csv('results.csv')

# find the highest Training Loss

print(f"Training Loss (Max) = {df['Training_loss'].max():.3f}")

# compare the "last" training loss and test loss

# Show the highest

if df['Training_loss'].iloc[-1] > df['Test_loss'].iloc[-1]:

print('Training Loss in the last row is higher.')
else:
print('Test Loss in the last row is higher.')

Training Loss (Max) = 0.692

Test Loss in the last row is higher.
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 Data Exploration –
head(), tail(),
Objectives Reading csv
describe(), info(),
columns,

Data Removing columns Slicing - indexing

Exploration
using pandas
Basic operations –
mean(), max(),
min(), std()

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Data Exploration
using pandas

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 Program3_pt8.ipynb

results.csv
Data Exploration - Loading Data
Given data file:
• Import useful libraries for data management results.csv
[1] # import useful libraries used for data loading and management

import pandas as pd
Drag the data file
https://pandas.pydata.org
to Colab first!

• Then load the dataset to the program

[2] # load a dataset (in csv format) to the program

df=pd.read_csv('results.csv')

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Data Exploration
• Simply typing in the name of the data object (technically it is called
pandas DataFrame object) will result in nicely formatted outputs
[3] # Type in the name of the data frame to view the dataset

df

… … … ……… … … … … … … … …

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Data Exploration – Size

• You can have the same result if you use .shape

[4] # Check the size of the dataset (rows, columns)

df.shape

(16, 10)

Try
df.shape[0]
df.shape[1]

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Data Exploration – first 5
• Use .head() to view the first 5 instances

[5] # Use .head() to view the first 5 instances

df.head()

Only shows the first 5 instances

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Data Exploration – last 5
• Use .tail() to view the last 5 instances

[6] # Use .tail() to view the last 5 instances

df.tail()

Only shows the last 5 instances

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View Dataset Information – Information
• Use .info() and .describe() to get an overview of the dataset
[7] # Use .info() to get the types of features

df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 16 entries, 0 to 15
Data columns (total 10 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 no_of_CNN 16 non-null int64
10 numeric features (int64, float64)
1 Filter_size 16 non-null int64
2 no_of_DNN 16 non-null int64
3 neurons 16 non-null int64
4 epochs 16 non-null int64
5 batch_size 16 non-null int64
6 Training_loss 16 non-null float64
7 Training_accuracy 16 non-null float64
8 Test_loss 16 non-null float64
9 Test_accuracy 16 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(4), int64(6)
memory usage: 1.4 KB

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View Dataset Information – Description
• Use .info() and .describe() to get an overview of the dataset
[8] # Use .describe() to get the summary statistics of numeric features (count, mean,
standard deviation, min, Q1, Q2, Q3, and max)

df.describe()
Only shows the
numeric features

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View Dataset Information – Description

• Use [].describe() to get the statistics of a particular feature

[9] # Use [].describe() to get the statistics of a feature

df['Test_loss'].describe()

count 16.000000
mean 0.730551
std 0.066901
min 0.681946
25% 0.694514
50% 0.703078
75% 0.733349
max 0.938225
Name: Test_loss, dtype: float64

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View Dataset Information – Column Names

• Use .columns to get the names of all features

[10] # Use .columns to get the statistics of a feature

df.columns

Index(['no_of_CNN', 'Filter_size', 'no_of_DNN', 'neurons', 'epochs',

'batch_size', 'Training_loss', 'Training_accuracy', 'Test_loss',
'Test_accuracy'],
dtype='object')

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View Dataset Information –
A Column / Feature
• Use df['neurons'] to get ALL data in a column/feature
[11] # View data in a column / feature

df['neurons']

0 16
1 64
2 16
3 64
4 16
5 64
6 16
7 64
8 16
9 64
10 16
11 64
12 16
13 64
14 16
15 64
Name: neurons, dtype: int64 35
 Removing
Column(s)/Feature(s)

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Removing Column(s)/Feature(s)
• Use .drop() to remove column(s) or feature(s)
[12] # Use .columns to get the names of ALL features

df.columns

Index(['no_of_CNN', 'Filter_size', 'no_of_DNN', 'neurons', 'epochs',

'batch_size', 'Training_loss', 'Training_accuracy', 'Test_loss',
'Test_accuracy'],
dtype='object')

[13] # Use .drop() to remove selected coluimn(s) or featre(s)

df.drop(['no_of_CNN', 'Filter_size', 'no_of_DNN', 'neurons', 'epochs', 'batch_size'],

axis=1, inplace=True)
df.head(2)

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 Slicing and Indexing
using
pandas.DataFrame.iloc

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 After df.drop()
Indexing Negative
index
Positive
index
value value
-16 0
-15 1
-14 2
-13 3
-12 4
-11 5
-10 6
-9 7
-8 8
-7 9
-6 10
-5 11
-4 12
-3 13
-2 14
-1 15

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.iloc
• .iloc[index] is primarily integer position based (from 0 to length-1)
of the axis.

• Usage:
df.iloc[0]
df.iloc[1]
df.iloc[0:3]
df['Training_loss'].iloc[1]
df['Training_loss'].iloc[-1]

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Indexing - positive value
df.iloc[start:end] # items start through end-1
df.iloc[start:] # items start through the rest of the list
df.iloc[:end] # items from the beginning through end-1
df.iloc[:] # a copy of the whole list
Examples
df.iloc[0:3]
df.iloc[:3]
df.iloc[10:]
df.iloc[:]

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Indexing – negative value
df.iloc[start:end]

start or end may be a negative number, which counts from the end of
the array instead of the beginning.

Examples
df.iloc[-1] # last item in the list
df.iloc[-2:] # last two items in the list
df.iloc[:-2] # everything except the last two items

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Basic Operations

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Basic Operations - mean(), max(), min(), std()
• Here are some commonly used built-in functions
.mean()
.max()
.min()
.std()
• Usage:
df['Training_loss'].mean()
df['Training_loss'].max()
df['Training_loss'].min()
df['Training_loss'].std()

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 45

Exercise
 Given data file:
Ex5_data.csv

Exercise 5
With the given dataset, find out the following and present your findings to
your manager.

• What is the size of the dataset? (how many samples and how many
features)
• Determine the highest accuracy in “Training” and “Test”?
(Hint: find out the highest values in “Accuracy of train dataset” and “Accuracy of test
dataset”, then use “if-else” statement to present the output)

Expected answer:
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Course Plan
Python – Python - Python – Python –
Introduction Python - App
Environment Basics Data Control Flow

Anaconda, Basic Syntax Packages and

Programming Variables if-then-else
VS Code help() Libraries

Data Types,
Data
Python Colab Comment Type Looping
Analytics
Conversion

print() String

input() Objects

Operators

47
End