INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

Lab Manual:

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY(AMEB19)

Prepared by
Dr. K Ch Apparao
Associate Professor
IARE10639

Department Of Aeronautical Engineering

Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
December 27, 2021
 Contents

Content iv

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Student Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Responsibilities of Faculty Teaching the Lab Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.3 Laboratory In-charge Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.4 Course Coordinator Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Lab Policy and Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Course Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Use of Laboratory Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4.1 Instrument Protection Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Data Recording and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.1 The Laboratory Notebook: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.2 The Laboratory Worksheets: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 LAB-1 ORIENTATION 6
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Prelab Preparation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Equipment needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 LAB-2 PLAIN TURNING, STEP TURNING AND GROOVING 7

3.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 Equipment needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Theory; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.5 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.6 PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.7 Probing Further Questions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.8 Results: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4 LAB-3 STEP TURNING AND TAPER TURNING 9

4.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3 MATERIALS REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5 PRECAUTIONS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.7 Further Probing Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 LAB-4 THREAD CUTTING AND KNURLING 11

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 5.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Materials required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.4 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.5 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.6 Results: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.7 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6 LAB-5 DRILLING AND TAPPING 13

6.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.3 Materials Required: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.4 Specifications Required: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.5 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.6 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.7 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7 LAB-6 MILLING MACHINE 15

7.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3 Materials Required: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.4 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.5 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

8 LAB-7 SURFACE GRINDING 17

8.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.3 Materials Required: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.4 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.5 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

9 LAB-8 SHAPING OPERATIONS 19

9.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.3 Materials Required: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.4 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.5 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

10 LAB-9 VERNIER CALIPERS 22

10.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

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 10.4 Construction: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.5 Use: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10.6 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10.7 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10.8 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10.9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10.10PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

11 LAB-10 MICROMETER 25
11.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.3 Micrometer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.4 Principle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.5 Construction: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.6 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11.7 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11.8 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11.9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11.10PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

12 LAB-9 DIAL BORE INDICATOR 28

12.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12.4 Dial indicator: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12.5 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
12.6 Sample calculation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
12.7 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
12.8 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12.9 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12.10Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12.11PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

13 LAB-12 BEVEL PROTRACTOR 31

13.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.4 VERNIER BEVEL PROTRACTOR: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.5 Principle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.6 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.7 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.8 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.9 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.10Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.11PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

14 LAB-12 SINE BAR 34

14.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
14.2 Resources: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
14.3 Theory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
14.4 Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
14.5 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

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14.6 Precautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
14.7 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
14.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
14.9 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
This laboratory is intended to providing an introduction to the Know-how of common processes
used in industries for manufacturing parts by removal of material in a controlled manner. This
course also covers the auxiliary methods for machining to incorporate desired accuracy and
quality. The main emphasis throughout this course will be on understanding the basic fea-
tures of the processes rather than details of constructions of machine, or common practices in
manufacturing or acquiring skill in the operation of machines. Evidently, acquaintance with
the machine is desirable and the laboratory sessions will provide adequate opportunity for this.
Skills acquired from time in the lab are integrated with prior and subsequent learning of other
engineering topics such as engineering materials and manufacturing process. How the student
performs in the lab depends on his/her preparation, participation, and teamwork.

1.1.1 Student Responsibilities

The student is expected to be prepared for each lab. Lab preparation includes reading the
lab experiment and related textbook material. If you have questions or problems with the
preparation, contact your Laboratory Teaching Assistant (LTA), but in a timely manner. Do
not wait until an hour or two before the lab and then expect the LTA to be immediately available.
Active participation by each student in lab activities is expected. The student is expected to
ask the LTA any questions they may have. Do not make costly mistakes because you did not
ask a question before proceeding.
A large portion of the student’s grade is determined in the comprehensive final exam, resulting
in a requirement of understanding the concepts and procedure of each lab experiment for the
successful completion of the lab class. The student should remain alert and use common sense
while performing a lab experiment. They are also responsible for keeping a professional and
accurate record of the lab experiments in the lab manual wherever tables are provided. Students
should report any errors in the lab manual to the teaching assistant.

1.1.2 Responsibilities of Faculty Teaching the Lab Course

The Faculty shall be completely familiar with each labprior to the laboratory. He/She shall pro-
vide the students with details regarding the syllabus and safety review during the first week.Lab
experiments should be checked in advance to make sure that everything is in working order.The
Faculty should demonstrate and explain the experiment and answer any questions posed by the
students.Faculty have to supervise the students while they perform the lab experiments. The
Faculty is expected to evaluate the lab worksheets and grade them based on their practical skills
and understanding of the experiment by taking Viva Voce. Evaluation of work sheets has to
be done in a fair and timely manner to enable the students, for uploading them online through
their CMS login within the stipulated time.

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1.1.3 Laboratory In-charge Responsibilities
The Laboratory In-charge should ensure that the laboratory is properly equipped, i.e., the
Faculty teaching the lab receive any equipment/components necessary to perform the experi-
ments.He/She is responsible for ensuring that all the necessary equipment for the lab is available
and in working condition. The Laboratory In-charge is responsible for resolving any problems
that are identified by the teaching Faculty or the students.

1.1.4 Course Coordinator Responsibilities

The course coordinator is responsible fo rmaking any necessary corrections in Course Description
and lab manual. He/She has to ensure that it is continually updated and available to the students
in the CMS learning Portal.

1.2 Lab Policy and Grading

The student should understand the following policy:

ATTENDANCE: Attendance is mandatory as per the academic regulations.

LAB RECORD’s: The student must:

1. Write the work sheets for the allotted experiment and keep them ready before the beginning
of eachlab.

2. Keep all work in preparation of and obtained during lab.

3. Perform the experiment and record the observations in the worksheets.

4. Analyze the resultsand get the work sheets evaluated by the Faculty.

5. Upload the evaluated reports online from CMS LOGIN within the stipulated time.

Grading Policy:
The final grade of this course is awarded using the criterion detailed in the academic regula-
tions. A large portion of the student’s grade is determined in the comprehensive final exam of
the Laboratory course (SEE PRACTICALS),resulting in a requirement of understanding the
concepts and procedure of each lab experiment for successful completion of the lab course.

Pre-Requistes and Co-Requisties:

The lab course is to be taken during the same semester as AMEB06, but receives a separate
grade. If AMEB06 is dropped, then AMEB19 must be dropped as well. Students are required
to have completed both AMEB05, and AMEB06 with a C or better grade in each. Students
are also assumed to have completed a programming class and be familiar with the use of a
computer-based word processor. Note that the instructor reserves the right to alter any part of
this information at their discretion. Any changes will be announced in class and distributed in
writing to the students prior to the changes taking effect.

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1.3 Course Goals and Objectives
The goal of this laboratory is to enhance the students to study and practice the various machin-
ing operations that can be performed in lathe, shaping, drilling, milling etc. and equip students
with the practical knowledge required in the manufacturing/production companies. This lab
also helps students to study and practice the basic machining operations in the special purpose
machines and acquire its applicability in the real time components manufacturing industries.
Students can set up and operate machines, manufacture parts, measure process variables, and
inspect manufactured parts. Skills acquired from time in the lab are integrated with prior and
subsequent learning of other engineering topics such as engineering materials and quality plan-
ning and control. At the end of the course students can able to make the product or prototype
by using this laboratory equipment’s.

More explicitly, the class objectives are:

1. The Importance of manufacturing processes in the day-to-day life, and study the basic
manufacturing techniques and tools used for production

2. The information related to thermal, metallurgical aspects during casting and welding for
defect free manufacturing components.

3. Enhance the developmental use of traditional manufacturing processes to application of

real time products with economical production. :

4. To develop communication skills through:

ˆ Verbal interchanges with the Faculty and other students.

ˆ Preparation of succinct but complete laboratory reports.
ˆ Maintenance of laboratory worksheets aspermanent, written descriptions of proce-
dures, analysis and results.

5. To compare theoretical predictions with experimental results and to determine the source
of any apparent errors.

1.4 Use of Laboratory Instruments

One of the major goals of this lab is to familiarize the student with the proper equipment and
techniques for making mechanical measurements. Some understanding of the lab instruments is
necessary to avoid personal or equipment damage. By understanding the device’s purpose and
following a few simple rules, costly mistakes can be avoided. You have already, in AMEB19,
learned these rules, but they are repeated for convenience and emphasis below. Most of the
instrumentation used in this laboratory is implemented through various manufacturing processes
concepts.
In general, all devices have physical limits. These limits are specified by the device man-
ufacturer and are referred to as the device rating. The ratings are usually expressed in terms
of voltage limits, current limits, or power limits. It is up to the engineer to make sure that in
device operation, these ratings (limit values) are not exceeded. The following rules provide a
guideline for instrument protection.
The following rules provide a guideline for instrument protection.

1.4.1 Instrument Protection Rules

1. New students must receive an orientation on lab operating procedures before working in
a lab.

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 2. Students shall publish a safety checklist for equipment for which they are responsible.

3. Students must read the safety checklist for each piece of equipment before operating it.

4. Ensure you know the location of the emergency stop button before starting equipment.

5. Immediately report any spills, equipment malfunctions, injuries or other perceived safety
hazards to your Instructor / TA / or staff member.

6. Ensure you know the location of the emergency stop button before starting equipment.

7. Periodically check hoses for leakage, cracks, kinks, or breaks.

8. Work piece should be held tightly during the operation.

9. Check the machine speed before starting the experiment. Chuck key must be removed
from the chuck before starting the machine and Feed should be given gradually.

10. Periodically check hoses for leakage, cracks, kinks, or breaks.

11. All components shall operate within manufacturer’s specifications.

12. Equipment shall incorporate an emergency stop or emergency return control, whichever
provides maximum safety.

13. Emergency stops shall be readily accessible under all conditions of working and shall
operate immediately.

14. Equipment shall be designed so that loss of electrical, pneumatic and/or hydraulic power
shall not cause a hazard.

15. Rotating parts shall be guarded to provide adequate protection against hazard.

16. Set zero readings on instrument before measuring.

17. Flexible hoses shall only be used where necessary. Their length shall be minimized and they
shall be protected from abrasion. If failure causes a hazard, the hose shall be restrained
or shielded.

1.5 Data Recording and Reports

1.5.1 The Laboratory Notebook:
Students must record their experimental values in the provided tables in this laboratory manual
and reproduce them in the lab reports. Reports are integral to recording the methodology and
results of an experiment. In engineering practice, the laboratory notebook serves as an invalu-
able reference to the technique used in the lab and is essential when trying to duplicate a result
or write a report. Therefore, it is important to learn to keep accurate data. Make plots of data
and sketches when these are appropriate in the recording and analysis of observations. Note
that the data collected will be an accurate and permanent record of the data obtained during
the experiment and the analysis of the results. You will need this record when you are ready to
prepare a lab report.

4
1.5.2 The Laboratory Worksheets:
Reports are the primary means of communicating your experience and conclusions to other pro-
fessionals. In this course you will use the lab report to inform your LTA about what you did
and what you have learned from the experience. Engineering results are meaningless unless they
can be communicated to others. You will be directed by your LTA to prepare a lab report on
a few selected lab experiments during the semester. Your assignment might be different from
your lab partner’s assignment.
Your laboratory report should be clear and concise. The lab report shall be typed on a word
processor. As a guide, use the format on the next page. Use tables, diagrams, sketches, and
plots, as necessary to show what you did, what was observed, and what conclusions you can draw
from this. Even though you will work with one or more lab partners, your report will be the
result of your individual effort in order to provide you with practice in technical communication.

CONCLUSIONS - The conclusion section should provide a take-home message summing

up what has been learned from the experiment:

1. Briefly restate the purpose of the experiment (the question it was seeking to answer)

2. Identify the main findings (answer to the research question)

3. Note the main limitations that are relevant to the interpretation of the results

4. Summarise what the experiment has contributed to your understanding of the problem.

5
LAB-1 ORIENTATION

2.1 Introduction
In the first lab period, the students should become familiar with the location of equipment and
components in the lab, the course requirements, and the teaching instructor. Students should
also make sure that they have all of the co-requisites and pre-requisites for the course at this
time.

2.2 Objective
To familiarize the students with the lab facilities, equipment, standard operating procedures,
lab safety, and the course requirements.

2.3 Prelab Preparation:

Read the Introduction and Appendix A, of this manual. Download and install the “WaveForms”
software on your personal computer, available here.

2.4 Equipment needed

AMEB19 lab manual. (1 to 13 experiments list)

2.5 Procedure
1. During the first laboratory period, the instructor will provide the students with a general
idea of what is expected from them in this course. Each student will receive a copy of
the syllabus, stating the instructor’s contact information. In addition, the instructor will
review the safety concepts of the course.

2. During this period, the instructor will briefly review the equipment which will be used
throughout the semester. The location of instruments, equipment, and components (e.g.
resistors, capacitors, connecting wiring) will be indicated. The guidelines for instrument
use will be reviewed.

6
LAB-2 PLAIN TURNING, STEP TURNING AND GROOV-
ING

3.1 Objective
To perform plain turning, step turning and Grooving on a circular rod so as to obtain the
required design as per drawing using lathe machine

3.2 RESOURCES
Measuring tools – Outside calipers and steel rule
Manufacturing tools – Single point cutting tools, chuck key, tool part keys, spanner and brush

3.3 Equipment needed

Circular cross section rod of length 120mm and diameter 20 mm

3.4 Theory;
Experimental justification of the equation T = I.ω.ωP . Couple by observation and measurement
of results for independent variation in applied couple T and precession ω.

3.5 Procedure
1. Inspect the Mild Steel raw material using Vernier calipers. The work piece is held in the
chuck by placing it properly and tightening its using the chuck key.

2. Now single point cutting tool is placed in the tool post and properly arranged to the Centre
of the work piece.

3. Work piece is rotated by switching on the motor.

4. Perform the Facing operations on both sides and maintain the given dimensions.

5. First the plain turning operation is carried out by placing the tool at 1mm feed to the
lathe axis.

6. After that step turning operation is performed till the desired diameter is obtained.

7. Perform Centre Drill operation up to 10 mm required dimension.

7
3.6 PRECAUTIONS
1. Check the machine speed before starting the experiment.

2. Chuck key must be removed from the chuck before starting the machine.

3. Feed should be given gradually.

3.7 Probing Further Questions:

1. What is Lathe?

2. How do you specify the Lathe?

3. Describe the different parts of Lathe?

4. List any four types of lathe?

3.8 Results:
The work piece of required dimensions is obtained by plain and step turning on lathe.

8
LAB-3 STEP TURNING AND TAPER TURNING

4.1 Objective
To perform the step turning and taper turning on a circular rod so as to obtain the required
design as per the drawing using the lathe machine.

4.2 RESOURCES
Measuring tools – outside calipers and steel rule.
Manufacturing tools – SINGLE point cutting tool, chuck key, tool post key, spanner and brush
Materials required – Circular C.S rod of length 105mm and diameter 32mm.

4.3 MATERIALS REQUIRED

Circular cross section rod of length 120mm and diameter 20 mm

4.4 Procedure
1. Inspect the raw material using Vernier caliper

2. The w/p is held in the chuck head by placing it properly and tightening using chuck key.

3. Now the single point cutting tool is placed in the tool post and properly arranged to the
center of w/p.

4. W/p is rotated by switching on the motor. First the facing operation is carried out by
pointing the cutting tool at an angle 450 to the lathe.

5. After that step turning the operation is carried out by pointing the tool 900to the lathe
axis.

6. For taper turning the taper angle is calculated with the help of d = tan-1 D-d / 2L

7. The compound rest is turned to the required taper angle and the taper turning operation
is performed.

4.5 PRECAUTIONS:
1. Check the machine speed before starting the experiment.

2. Chuck key must be removed from the chuck before starting the machine.

3. Feed should be given gradually.

9
4.6 Results
The work piece of required dimensions is obtained by step and taper turning on lathe.

4.7 Further Probing Experiments

1. Write the importance of balancing?

2. Differentiate: static and dynamic balancing.

3. Can a single cylinder engine be fully balanced? Why?

4. Define tractive force.

5. What are the effects of hammer blow and swaying couple?

10
LAB-4 THREAD CUTTING AND KNURLING

5.1 Objective
To perform thread cutting and knurling on a circular C.S rod and using the lathe machine so as
to obtain the design as per the drawing.

5.2 Resources
Manufacturing tools – Thread cutting tool and knurling tool Measuring tools – Vernier calipers
and pitch gauge Other tools – Chuck key, tool post key and brush

5.3 Materials required

Specimen obtained from the previous experiment on which step and taper turning is already
performed.

5.4 Procedure:
ˆ Fix the job on the machine by using chuck key. Turn the job to the req. dia by fixing the
single point cutting tool.
ˆ Chamfer the edge and make an under cut at the other end.

ˆ Engage the bed screw and perform the threading operation.

ˆ Stop when the pitch is measured by the pitch gauge..

ˆ Reverse the job and hold it carefully so that the threads are not damaged. Disengage the
back gear and lead screw
ˆ Hold the knurling tool against the rotating job.

5.5 Precautions:
ˆ Check the machine speed before starting the experiment.

ˆ Chuck key must be removed from the chuck before starting the machine.

ˆ Feed should be given gradually.

5.6 Results:
The work piece of required dimensions is obtained.

11
5.7 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:
perform the left-hand thread cutting operation on a circular rod so as to obtain the required
dimensions using lathe machine

12
LAB-5 DRILLING AND TAPPING

6.1 Objective
To drill a hole and perform tapping once given work piece.

6.2 Resources:
Manufacturing tools – Drill Bit tool and Tapping tool Measuring tools – Vernier calipers and
pitch gauge Other tools – Chuck key, tool post key and brush

6.3 Materials Required:

Drill bit, tap holder, tap, scale, and hammer

6.4 Specifications Required:

1. Centering

2. Drilling with bit of required size.

6.5 Procedure:
1. The centre of a hole is located at on the work piece by drawing two lines, at rigid angles
to each other joining opposite vertices and the centre is obtained.

2. The drill bit is fixed in the drill chuck

3. The hole is drilled initially by adjusting carried out to obtain the hole of req. diameter

4. 4. Now the tapping operation is carried out which is cutting the internal threads in the
previously drilled hole.

5. The drilling operation is gradually carried out to obtain the hole of req. dia.

6. The tool used for tapping is called tap.

7. A tap is a tool with accurate threads on it the thread act as cutting edges which are
hardened and ground when the tap is screwed with the hole.

8. It moves the metal and the cut internal thread which will fit into the internal thread of
same size.

13
6.6 Precautions:
1. Drill bit must be tightly fitted.

2. Work piece should be held tightly during the operation.

3. Tapping should be done carefully.

6.7 Results
The work piece required dimension is obtained by performing drilling and tapping

6.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. perform the boring and reaming operation on a rectangular work piece so as to obtain the
required dimensions using drill machine

14
LAB-6 MILLING MACHINE

7.1 Objective
To make the slotting operation on a given specimen.

7.2 Resources:
Manufacturing tools – milling machine Measuring tools– Vernier calipers Other tools – Chuck
key, tool post key and brush

7.3 Materials Required:

Milling machine, work piece.

7.4 Procedure:
1. Keep the work piece on the working table in req. position with the help of holding device.
2. Keep the cutting tool in the spindle.
3. Move the working table upward to give touch the surface of the w/p.
4. Then give the power supply
5. Move the work table forward and backward with the help of lever.
6. Repeat the same procedure by changing the feed rate in upward and cross direction to get
the req. dimension of slot on the work piece.

7.5 Precautions:
1. Give small feed rate.
2. Move the work table slowly.
3. Fix the cutting tool properly

7.6 Results
The experiment has been conducted on milling machine to make slot on a given work piece.

7.7 Conclusions
Required slot is obtained on the work piece

15
7.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:
1. perform the boring and reaming operation on a rectangular work piece so as to obtain the
required dimensions using vertical milling machine
2. Perform the gear cutting operation on a work piece so as to obtain the required dimensions
using horizontal milling machine.

16
LAB-7 SURFACE GRINDING

8.1 Objective
To make surface finish of given work piece

8.2 Resources:
Manufacturing tools – surface grinding machine Measuring tools – Vernier calipers Other tools
– Magnetic Chuck key, tool post key and brush

8.3 Materials Required:

Surface grinding, Work piece, Vernier calliper.

8.4 Procedure:
1. Keep the work piece on the working table in required position with the help of magnetic
chuck.

2. Down the cutting grinder to just touch the surface of work piece.

3. Then give the power supply.

4. Move the work table forward and backward with the help of lever.

5. Repeat the same procedure by changing the positions of work piece to get the surface
finish of work piece completely.

8.5 Precautions:
1. Give small feed rate

2. Keep the work piece in a required position

3. Move the work table slowly.

8.6 Results
The experiment has been conducted on surface grinding to make surface finish of given work
piece.

17
8.7 Conclusions
Required surface finish is obtained on the surface of given work piece.

8.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. 1. perform cylindrical surface grinding on a cylindrical work piece so as to obtain the
required dimensions using cylindrical surface grinding machine

2. 2. Perform the Creep - feed grinding on a work piece so as to obtain the required dimensions
using horizontal milling machine.

18
LAB-8 SHAPING OPERATIONS

9.1 Objective
Shaping of square block, V- groove.

9.2 Resources:
Manufacturing tools – side tool, V- tool Measuring tools – Vernier calipers and steel rule Other
tools – Chuck key, tool post key and brush

9.3 Materials Required:

Mild steel. Square block

9.4 Procedure:
1. 1 The job is fixed on a vice.

2. The tool is fixed on tool post.

3. The stroke of ram is adjusted to required length and machine is switched on.

4. Always during machining, the job should be properly fixed with the half of try Square and
vice to get a right-angle surface after machining

5. After completion of work, the job should be filled help of file

6. Before fixing the job, V block dimensions are marked on the job with the help of dot
punch.

7. The tool head should be rotated at 450 to make the V- groove.

8. The feed is given such that the tool moves gradually on either side of the middle line.

9. The tool is moved to get the required groove.

9.5 Precautions:
1. The tool should be properly fixed

2. Proper movement of tool must be entered.

3. Select proper cutting speeds.

4. Don’t touch and measure the job during the process of machining.

19
9.6 Results
The given square block is machined for plain shaping and done by V groove as for given dimen-
sions.

9.7 Conclusions
Required surface machining is obtained on the surface of given work piece.

9.8 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. perform external key ways on a cylindrical work piece so as to obtain the required dimen-
sions using shaping machine

2. Perform the Making of Dovetail on a work piece so as to obtain the required dimensions
using using shaping machine.

20
21
LAB-9 VERNIER CALIPERS

10.1 Objective
To measure the length and diameter using vernier calipers

10.2 Resources:
Vernier calipers, specimen

10.3 Theory:
Linear measurement applies to measure the length, diameter, height and thickness including
external and internal measurements. These are designed for linear and end measurement.

1. Outside jaws: used to take external measures of objects

2. Inside jaws: used to take internal measures of objects

3. Depth probe: used to measure the depth of objects

4. Main scale (cm)

5. Main scale (inch)

6. Vernier (cm)

7. Vernier (inch)

8. Retainer: used to block movable part

10.4 Construction:
Vernier consists of 2 scales one fixed and other movable. The fixed scale known as the main scale
is calibrated on “L” shaped frame and carriers a fixed jaw. The movable vernier scale slides
over the main scale and carriers a measuring tip when the jaws are closed the zero of vernier
and main scale coincide. An adjustment is provided to lock the sliding scale.

22
10.5 Use:
These are used for both – internal and external measurement. Its generate used for measuring by
closing the jaws on work surface and taking readings from main scale is examined to as certain
which of its division coincide and added to the main scale reading. Least count = One division
of main scale reading / No. of division on scale. mm

10.6 Precautions:
1. Line of measurements and scale must coincide.

2. Measurement tips of caliber should parallel to the work piece centre line

3. Do not apply pressure on piece.

10.7 Calculations
Length of the specimen

Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm

1
2
3
4

Inside Diameter of the specimen

Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm

1
2
3
4

The given square block is machined for plain shaping and done by V groove as for given
dimensions.

10.8 Result
The experiment is conducted on the vernier calipers for measuring the physical quantities of the
given specimen.

10.9 Conclusions
1. Length of the specimen – mm

2. Diameter of the specimen – mm

3. Inner diameter of the hollow cylinder mm.

4. Outer diameter of the specimen- mm.

5. Thickness of the specimen– mm.

23
10.10 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:
1. It can measure the width and height of different objects. It is also used to measure the
holes, width of pipes, the circumference of metal beads, etc.

24
LAB-10 MICROMETER

11.1 Objective
To measure the length, height and diameter of the given specimen

11.2 Resources:
Micrometer, Specimen

11.3 Micrometer:
It is one of the most common and most popular form of measuring instrument for precise
measurement with 0.001mm accuracy micrometer with 0.001mm are available.

11.4 Principle:
Micrometer works on the principle of screw and most when screw is turned through pitch distance
i.e., one revolution. It advances by one pitch distance i.e., on revolutions of screw corresponds
to a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread. Least count (L.C) = 1
Division of M.S.R / No. of divisions of the P.S.R

11.5 Construction:
1. Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the fire of the work piece to
be measured.

2. The next step is to check it for zero error in case of 0.25mm micrometer, the zero error is
checked by contracting the faces of the fixed anvil and the spindle.

3. The barrel has graduation, in interval, of 1mm above this reference line

25
 4. These are also graduation below reference line OLH the middle of graduation so as to read
0.5mm successive upper
5. For measuring the dimension, hold work below faces of the anvil and spindle and then
move the spindle by rotating the thimble limit and anvil, the spindle by rotating then
touches the work piece.
6. Take the thimble reading which coincides with the reference line on the sleeve. Total
reading = M.S.R + (L.C x P.S.R) mm.

11.6 Calculations
Length of the specimen
Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
Outer diameter of the specimen
Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
Thickness of the specimen
Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm
1
2
3
4

11.7 Precautions:
1. First clean the micrometer by wiping off dirt.
2. Set zero readings on instrument before measuring
3. Hold the point whose dimensions is to be measured properly turn thimble.

11.8 Result
The experiment is conducted on micrometer to find out the length, diameter and thickness of
the given specimen

11.9 Conclusions
1. Length of the specimen – mm
2. Outer Diameter of the specimen – mm
3. Thickness of the specimen– mm.

26
11.10 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:
1. 1. It can measure the depth, length and thickness of whatever object fits between its anvil
and spindle.

27
LAB-9 DIAL BORE INDICATOR

12.1 Objective
To determine the bore diameter (Int. dice) of the given specimen

12.2 Resources:
Bore gauge, Anvils, Washers, Specimens

12.3 Theory:
Bore gauge, is generally used to determine the bore diameter of components. Bore gauge consists
of following parts.

1. Dial gauge

2. Vertical column

3. Arrangement of anvil and washer

4. Movable spindle.

12.4 Dial indicator:

This is used for measuring and checking linear measurement. These require less skills in their use
than other instruments such as micrometer, gauges etc, when dial indicator is used as essential
part in mechanism of any set up for measure purpose. It is referred as dial gauge. This gauge
measures the displacement of its plunger, on a circular dial by means of rotating point. A dial
gauge consists of graduated circular dial, pointer, contact point. Pointer gear train arrangement
vessel clamp, revolution counter. A dial gauge is show in fig. It works on the rack and pinion
principle i.e.; the reciprocating motion is converted into linear motion. Gear teeth cut on it
when the plunger reciprocates; it activates a pinion which is attached to the pointer shaft. A
gear train is used b/w plunger rack and pinion, to magnify the movement of the plunger to the
pointer. A revolution counter is used to count the number of revolutions of the pointer. Least
count = 0.01mm

28
12.5 Procedure:
1. Select the suitable anvil and washer to measure the dimension of given specimen.

2. Insert anvil and washer at the bottom of vertical column of bore gauge

3. Then insert the bore gauge and take the reading from dial indicator.

4. Subtract the dial indicator value from the sum of anvil and washer value, which gives the
bore diameter of given specimen.

5. Repeat same procedure to get the bore diameter at different positions of specimen.

12.6 Sample calculation:

Least count (L.C) = 0.01mm Anvil size = 45mm Washer size = 45mm
Dial Indicator Reading = 14.5x0.01 = 0.145mm
Total Reading = (Anvil size + Washer size) – (Dial Indicator for Reading)
= (45+4.5) – (0.145) = 49.355mm.
CALCULATION TOTAL READING: - Bore diameter = (Anvil size + Washer size)
– (Dial Indicator Reading).

12.7 Calculations
Inner Diameter of the specimen-1.

29
 TR = Anvil size + Washer size –
Sr.no Anvil Size Washer size Dial Indicator Reading
Dial Indicator Reading(mm)
1
2
3
4
5

Inner Diameter of the specimen-2.

TR = Anvil size + Washer size –

Sr.no Anvil Size Washer size Dial Indicator Reading
Dial Indicator Reading(mm)
1
2
3
4
5

12.8 Precautions:
1. First clean the micrometer, magnetic stand by wiping off dirt, fit, dust grit off it.

2. Clean them with a piece of cloth (or) paper

3. Set zero readings on instrument before measuring.

12.9 Result
The experiment has been conducted on bore gauge to determine the bore diameter of given
specimen.

12.10 Conclusions
1. The bore diameter of the given specimen is mm

12.11 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. 1. Dial bore gauges are used to measure the inner diameter of bores in motor engines.

30
LAB-12 BEVEL PROTRACTOR

13.1 Objective
To determine angle of given specimen

13.2 Resources:
Bevel protractor, specimen

13.3 Theory:
It is the simplest instrument forr measuring the angle below the two faces of the component.
Their consists of protractor which is used to measure the angles.

1. Vernier

2. Optical

13.4 VERNIER BEVEL PROTRACTOR:

It consists of a base plate to the main body and adjustable blade which is attached to the circular
plate. A vernier scale is provided on the main scale the adjustable scale is capable of rotating
freely about the centre of the main scale and it can be locked at any position by lock nut. It is
capable of measuring 0 to 3600. The main scale on the disc is graduated in degrees of arc. The
vernier scale has 12 divisions on each side of centre zero. Each division on the vernier scale
= 51 of arc which is the least count of vernier scale
The reading of vernier bevel protractor = M.S.R + (V.S.R x L.C.) mm.
OPTICAL BEVEL PROTRACTOR: - A recent development of vernier bevel protractor
is optical bevel protractor. In this instrument a glass ole is divided at 101 of arc intervals
throughout 3600 and this glass ole is fitted inside the main body. A lens is fitted through which
measurements are taken from the glass ole. With the help of the optical bevel protractor it is
possible to read 51 of arc i.e., L.C. of this instrument is 5-1

13.5 Principle:
Micrometer works on the principle of screw and most when screw is turned through pitch distance
i.e., one revolution. It advances by one pitch distance i.e., on revolutions of screw corresponds
to a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread. Least count (L.C) = 1
Division of M.S.R / No. of divisions of the P.S.R

31
32
13.6 Procedure:
1. Place the adjustable blade on one side of the component.

2. Tight the blade using lock nut

3. The barrel has graduation, in interval, of 1mm above this reference line

4. 3 Take the main scale reading

5. 4 Take the vernier scale reading from vernier scale which is fixed on the main scale through
lens.

13.7 Calculations
Angle of the specimen-1

Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm

1
2
3
4

Angle of the specimen-2

Sr.no MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR = MSR + (VSR X LC) mm

1
2
3
4

13.8 Precautions:
1. Line of measurements and scale must coincide.

2. Measurement tips of caliber should parallel to the work piece centre line

3. Do not apply pressure on piece.

13.9 Result
The angle of given specimen is

13.10 Conclusions
The experiment is conducted an optical bevel protractor and angle of given specimen is deter-
mined

13.11 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. 1. 1. The bevel protractor is used to establish and test angles to very close tolerances. It
reads to 5 minutes or 1/20 degrees and can be used completely through 360 degrees.

33
LAB-12 SINE BAR

14.1 Objective
To measure the angle of the given component with sine bar.

14.2 Resources:
Sine Bar, Slip Gauges, Work piece, Dial Indicator, Angle plate, C-Clamp.

14.3 Theory:
Sine Bar consists of a rectangular block of steel with ends machined to l- shaped recesses and
two perfectly ground cylinder pins of some diameter are fixed to the main body by means of
screws. The plane containing the axes of rollers is perfectly parallel to the top surface of the
main body of sine bar (this is an in-built feature). The sine bar is a simple instrument used for
measuring or setting angles generally below 45°. The accuracy of measurement decreases if it is
used for angles greater than 45°.

Slip Gauges: -Slip gauges are rectangular blocks of steel having a cross-section of about
30 by 10mm. These gauges are used to provide end standard of specific length by temporarily
combining a number of individual gauges by ‘wringing’, each representing a dimension (standard)
into a single gauge bar. Here the basic requirements are formation of a bar in reasonable cohesion
between individual element and its dimension truly within specific limits representing the desired
nominal dimensions.
Accuracy: - Accuracy up to 10 millionth of an inch for flatness and parallelism can be
obtained in slip gauges. Grading: - Grading according to accuracy and application.

1. AA - for master slip gauges.

2. A - for reference purpose.

3. B - for working slip gauges.

4. Grade 2 - Workshop grade

5. 4 Grade 1 - Tool-room grade (More precise work)

34
 6. Grade 0 - Inspection grade

7. Grade 00 - Standard-room grade

8. Calibration grade - Special grade (Prepared on chart)

14.4 Procedure:
1. The sine bar is made to rest on the surface plate with rollers Contacting the datum (Surface
plate.)

2. If the component on sine bar as shown in the figure and lock It in its position.

3. Lift on end (roller) of the sine bar and place a pack of slip gauges underneath the roller.
The height of the slip gauges (h) should be selected such that the top surface of component
is parallel to the datum plate (surface plate).

4. The parallelism can be assessed by making the stylus of the dial indicator mounted on a
dial gauge stand. contact the upper surface are perfectly parallel.

5. The pointer on the dial gauge shows the same reading throughout the travel of dial gauge
stylus. I the surfaces are not parallel then the height of slip gauge packing can be altered
and procedure for checking parallelism can be repeated.

6. Record the final height of slip gauge pack used for achieving parallelism.

7. Use the formulas sin ° h and elevate the angle.

35
14.5 Calculations
ˆ A. Sin Θ = h/L

ˆ Θ = Sin-1 (h/L)

ˆ Θ=

ˆ B. Sin Θ = (h1-h2)/ L

ˆ Θ = Sin-1 (h1-h2) / L

ˆ Θ=

ˆ h: is height of Slip Gauges,

ˆ L is Length of rollers distance in Sin bar.

ˆ Steps to construct the required height up to the slip gauges.

Angle of the specimen-1

Sr.no Diameter at nose part Dial gauge reading Error in dial gauge reading Total Reading
1
2
3
4

14.6 Precautions:
1. Handle the slip gauges carefully.

2. Do not drop the slip gauges at any time.

3. This makes the slip gauges loose accuracy.

4. Slip gauges must be cleaned thoroughly with cleaning agents before the slip gauge. com-
bination is made.

5. The surface plate also should be cleaned thoroughly before use.

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14.7 Result
The unknown angle of component is

14.8 Conclusions
The experiment is conducted by sinebar and angle of given specimen is checked

14.9 PROBING FURTHER EXPERIMENTS:

1. It is used to measure sine bars very accurately or to detect any work that offered a high
level of accuracy in measuring angles for milling, grinding, and inspection applications.

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