INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Total No. of questions in INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION are-

In Chapter Examples .................................... 06

Solved Examples .................................... 07

Total No. of questions .....................................13

 (iii) f(x) = tan–1 x
1. INTRODUCTION
Inverse functions relating trigonometrical ratios
are called inverse trigonometric functions.
Let sin = x then  = Arc sin x
This means Arc sinx represent the angle whose
sine is equal to x.
 –1  sin  1 and sin = x
 –1  x  1
Thus, Arc sinx is defined only when –1  x  1
(iv) f(x) = cot–1 x
Clearly, for every x  [–1, 1], infinite number of
values of Arc sinx will be obtained.
i.e., Arc sinx denotes the general value of
 satisfying sin = x when we consider the
principal value of the angle satisfying sin = x
then we symbolically write = arc sin x or sin–
1 x
(read as sine inverse x).
Thus, sin–1x or arc sinx is the principal value of
the angle whose sine is equal to x. Similar
definition for cos–1x or arc cosx, tan–1x or arc
tanx etc. can be given.
i. e. (v) f(x) = sec–1 x
(i) sin = x  sin–1 x = 
(ii) cos = x  cos–1 x = 
(iii) tan = x  tan–1 x = 
(iv) cot = x  cot–1 x = 
(v) sec = x  sec–1 x = 
(vi) cosec =x  cosec–1x = 
2. GRAPH OF DIFFERENT INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC (vi) f(x) = cosec–1 x
FUNCTION

(i) f(x) = sin–1 x

3. DOMAIN AND RANGE OF INVERSE

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Function Domain Range

(ii) f(x) = cos–1 x   

sin–1 x [–1, 1]  2 , 2 
 
cos–1 x [–1, 1] [0, ]
  
tan–1 x (–, )  , 
 2 2
cot–1 x (–, ) (0, )
   
sec–1x (–, –1]  [1, ) 0, 2    2 ,  
 
    
cosec–1x (–, –1]  [1, )  2 , 0   0, 2 
 
 Note : P-3
(i) 1st quadrant is common to all inverse function (i) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1x
(ii) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse function (ii) cos–1 (–x) =  – cos–1x
(iii) 4 th quadrant is used in the clockwise (iii) tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1x
 (iv) cot –1 (–x) =  – cot –1x
direction i.e. – < y < 0
2
(v) sec–1 (–x) =  – sec–1x
4. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC (vi) cosec–1 (–x) = – cosec–1x
FUNCTIONS P- 4
P-1 
(i) sin–1x + cos–1x =
(i) sin–1 (sin) = , 2
  
Provided that –    (ii) tan–1x + cot–1x =
2 2 2
(ii) cos–1 (cos) = , 
(iii) sec–1x + cosec–1x =
2
Provided that 0    
P- 5 Conversion Property
(iii) tan–1 (tan) = ,
Let sin–1 x = y
  L
Provided that –     x = sin y
2 2
–1
(iv) cot (cot) = , F
G1I H
Provided that 0    
 cosec y = HxJK P

(v) sec–1 (sec) = , F

G 1I
 
 y = cosec–1 HxJK M B N
Provided that 0   or <  
2 2
F
G1I
(vi) cosec–1 (cosec) = ,  sin–1x = cosec–1
HxJK. Hence
 
Provided that –    0 or 0 <  
F1I F
G1I
P-2
2 2 (i) sin–1x = cosec–1 G
HxJK& cosec
–1x=sin–1
HxJK
(i) sin (sin–1x) = x,
Similarly the following results can be obtained
Provided that – 1  x  1
(ii) cos (cos–1x) = x, 1 F
G I 1 F I
Provided that – 1  x  1
(ii) cos–1x = sec–1 x HJK& sec –1x = cos–1 x G
HJK
(iii) tan (tan–1x) = x, F
G1I F1I
Provided that –   x   (iii) tan–1x = cot–1 HxJK& cot –1x = tan–1 G
HxJK
(iv) cot (cot –1x) = x, Properties of Inverse trigonometric
Provided that –   x   Functions
(v) sec (sec–1x) = x,  7 
Ex.1 cos–1 cos   =
Provided that –   x  1 or 1  x    6 
(vi) cosec (cosec–1x) = x, 7 5
(A) (B)
Provided that –  x  – 1 or 1  x  6 6

(C) (D) None of these
6
 5. FORMULAE FOR SUM & DIFFERENCE OF
 7  7 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Sol. cos–1  cos  
 6  6
F
GxyI
7
(i) tan–1x + tan–1y = tan–1
H1  xy JK,
[Because does not lie between 0 and ] if x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
6
F
GxyI
L F2  5 IJO (ii) tan–1x + tan–1y =  + tan–1
H1  xy JK
,

Now,cos G
Fcos 7 IJ = cos McosG
H 6K N H 6 KP
–1 –1
Q if x > 0, y > 0 and xy > 1

F 5 I F 5 I
F
Gx y I
G
H
7
6
 2  J = cos
6 K
–1 G
Hcos 6 JK
(iii) tan–1x – tan–1y = tan–1
H1  xy JK
(iv) tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z
L
Mx  y  z  xyz O
N xy  yz  zx P
= tan–1
[ cos(2 – ) = cos] 1 Q
(vi) sin–1x ± sin–1y
5
= Ans.[B]
6 = sin–1[x 1  y 2 ± y 1  x2 ],

if x, y  0 and x 2 + y2  1.
1 1
Ex.2 sin {sin–1 + cos–1 } = (vii) sin–1x ± sin–1y
2 2
(A) 0 (B) –1 =  – sin–1[x 1  y 2 ± y 1  x2 ],
(C) 2 (D) 1
if x, y  0 and x 2 + y2  1.
1 1 (viii) cos–1x ± cos–1y
Sol. sin {sin–1 + cos–1 }
2 2
= cos–1[xy  1  x2 1  y 2 ],
  
= sin    sin 1 x  cos 1 x   if x, y  0 and x 2 + y2  1.
2  2
(ix) cos–1x ± cos–1y
= 1 Ans.[D]
=  – cos–1[xy  1  x2 1  y 2 ],
F
G2I
Ex.3 sin–1 H5 JK= if x, y  0 and x2 + y2  1.

 xy  1
F
G3I F3I (x) cot–1x ± cot–1y = cot–1  y  x 
(A) cos–1H5 JK (B) tan–1 G
H5 JK
Formulae for sum & difference
(C) cosec G
F5 IJ
H2 K
–1 (D) None of these of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 F
GIJ Ex.4
 1 2
tan–1   + tan–1   =
Sol. We know that sin–1x = cosec–1 x HK 4 9
1 3 1 3
F
G2I
J F
G5I (A) tan–1   (B) sin–1  
 sin–1 H5 K = cosec H2 JK
–1 2 5 2 5

3  1
Ans.[C] (C) tan–1   (D) tan–1  
5 2
  1  2  15   1
Sol. tan–1   + tan–1   Sol. cos–1  17  + 2 tan–1  5 
4 9    

 1 2   1 
    1– 
4 9   17   1  15 
= tan 
–1 –1   –1  
1 2  = tan  34  = tan  2  = cos–1   + cos–1  25 
  17   1 1 
 1   
 49  25 
Ans.[D]

6. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF  15   12 

= cos–1  17  + cos–1  13 
MULTIPLE ANGLES    

(i) 2sin–1x = sin–1(2x 1  x2 ), if –1  x  1  2 2

 15 12  15   12  
= cos–1   – 1–   1 –   
(ii) 2cos–1x = cos–1(2x2 – 1), if –1  x  1  17 13  17   13  
 
 140 
F
G 2x I = cos–1  221  Ans.[B]
(iii) 2tan–1x = tan–1
H1  x JK
2  

7. MISCELLENEOUS RESULTS
F
G 2x I
J F1  x I 2
= sin–1 H1  x K =
2 cos G
H1  x JK
–1
2

(i) tan–1  2
x   x
 = sin–1  
 a  x2   a
(iv) 3 sin–1x = sin–1(3x – 4x 3)  3a 2 x – x 3   x
(v) 3 cos–1x = cos–1(4x3 – 3x) (ii) tan–1  a(a 2 – 3x 2 )  = 3 tan–1  a 
 

F3 x  x I 3  1 x 2  1 – x2 
 =   1 cos–1x 2
(vi) 3 tan–1x = tan–1 G
H1  3x JK 2 (iii) tan–1  2
 1  x – 1 – x
2
 4 2

F Fx I
1  x I = tan–1 G
Inverse Trigonometric ratios of
H1  x JK
2
(iv) sin–1 (x) = cos–1 H K 2
multiple angle
F1  x 2 I F1 I F1IJ
= cot–1 G
G JJ= sec–1 G J = cosec–1 GHxK
Ex.5 The value of sin (2sin–1 0.8) is equal to – Hx K H1  x K 2

(A) sin 1.2º (B) sin 1.6º

F F1  x I
H1  x IK= tan
2
(C) 0.48 (D) 0.96
(v) cos–1x = sin–1
2 –1 G
G JJ
Sol. sin (2sin–1 0.8) Hx K
= sin [sin–1(2 × 0.8 1 – (0.8)2 )] Fx I F1IJ=cosec F1 I
=cot –1 G J=sec G
H1  x K HxK 2
–1 –1 G
H1  x
2
JK
= sin [sin–1 (0.96)] = 0.96 Ans.[D]
Fx I F1 I
(vi) tan x = sin G
H1  x JK= cos G JK
–1 –1 –1

Ex.6 cos–1 
 15   1
 + 2 tan–1   =
2
H1  x 2

 17  5
= cot G
F1IJ = sec F1  x I 2

 140 
HxK
–1
H K –1


(A)
2
(B) cos–1  
 221  F1  x I 2

= cosec G G J
H x JK
–1

(C) (D) None of these
4
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 The value of
1
1 F
G I F 1I
Sol. Let cos–1 = ,
H JK + G
H 2 JK is
8
tan –1 (1) + cos–1  2 sin –1

equal to - where 0 <  < . Then
2
 5 1 1 1
(A) (B) cos 1 = 
4 12 2 8 2
(C)
3
(D)
13  F
1
G 1 1
 cos 2 cos 8 = cos 
IJ 1
4 12 H K 2
1 F
G I F 1IJ
Sol. tan–1(1) + cot–1  2 H JK+ sin G
H2 K –1
Now cos–1
1
8
= 

 2    3  1
= + – = + =  cos =
4 3 6 4 2 4 8
Ans.[C]  1
 2cos2 – 1 =
2 8
Ex.2 If –1 < x < 0 then sin–1x equals-  9
 cos2 =
(A)  – cos–1F
H1  x IK 2

2
3
16

 cos =

(B) tan G
Fx I 2 4

H1  x JK
–1    3
2 [ 0 < < , so cos  – ]
2 4 2 4
F1  x I 2
Ans.[A]
(C) – cot G
G J
H x JK
–1
Ex.4 The number of solution of the equation
tan–1(x – 1) + tan–1x + tan–1(x + 1) = tan–1 3x
(D) cosec–1x is -
 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Sol.  –1 < x < 0, then – < sin–1x < 0
2
Let sin–1x =  Sol. The given equation can be written as
 sin = x tan–1(x – 1) + tan–1(x + 1) = tan–1 3x – tan–1x
Fx I x  1 x  1 3x  x
then, tan  = G
H1  x JK
 tan–1 = tan–1
2 1  ( x  1)( x  1) 1  3 x2
2x 2x
Fx I 
2  x2
=
1  3 x2
  = tan G
H1  x JK
–1
2  x + 3x3 = 2x – x3
 4x3 – x = 0
Fx I  x(4x2 – 1) = 0
 sin x = tan G
H1  x JK
–1 –1
2 1
 x = 0, x = ± Ans.[C]
Ans.[B] 2

1 1 1
The value of cos 2 cos 8
F
G IJ is equal to - Ex.5 The value of
Ex.3 H K sin(2 tan–1
1
) + cos (tan–1 2 2 ) is–
3
3 3
(A) (B) – 6 7
4 4 (A) (B)
15 15
1 1 14
(C) (D) (C) (D) None of these
16 4 15
 1 Sol. We have
Sol. Let tan–1 =  and tan–1 2 2 = . Then
3 Fc x  y I Fc  c I
tan =
1
and tan = 2 2 , so that G
H K
tan–1 c y  x
1
1
J + tan G
H1  c c JK+
–1
2

2 1
1

3
1 Fc  c I F1 I
tan G J G
Hc JK
sin (2 tan–1 ) + cos (tan–1 2 2 ) 3 2
3
–1
H1  c c K + ....
3 2
+ tan –1
n
2 tan  1
= sin 2 + cos =
1  tan2 
+ Fx  1 I F1  1 I
1  tan 2  G y c J Gc c JJ +
= tan G x 1 J + tan G
–1 1 –1 1 2
1 G
G J G 1 J
=
2.
3
1
+
1
=
2 9
.
3 10
+
1
3
H1  y c JK 1
G
H c JK
1
c 1 2
1 8
1 F1  1 I
3
9
1 14
tan G
Gc c JJ + ....... + tan F
2 3
G 1I
J
= + = Ans.[C] –1
G
G 1 J H c K
–1

H c c JK
5 3 15 1  n

2 3
Ex.6 If x1, x 2, x3, x4 are roots of the equation
tan G
Fx IJ–tan F G1I
J
F1 I
G
x4 – x3 sin 2 + x2cos 2 – xcos  – sin  = 0,
4
=
Hy K Hc K
–1 + –1 tan
Hc JK
1
–1
1

then  tan 1 xi =
F1 I F1 I F1 I
– tan G
Hc K Hc K G
J G J Hc JK
i1 –1 –1 –1
(A)  (B) /2 –  + tan – tan
2 2 3
(C)  –  (D) – 
F1 I F1 I F1 I
Sol.  x = sin 2,  x x = cos 2,
1 1 2 + tan G
Hc K
–1 J+ ...
3
– tan
Hc K G
G J + tan Hc JK
–1
n
–1
n

 x x x = cos and x1 x2 x3 x4
1 2 3 Fx IJ
= – sin  = tan G Hy K
–1 Ans.[B]
 tan–1 x 1 + tan–1x2 + tan–1x3 + tan–1x 4
F x  x x x I
= tan–1 G
G
1 1 2 3
JJ
H1   x x  x x x x
1 2 1 2 3 4 K
F
G sin 2  cos  I
= tan–1
H1  cos 2  sin  JK
F
Gcos (2 sin   1) I
= tan–1
Hsin (2 sin   1) JK
= tan–1 cot
F
G I
= tan–1 tan H2  JK

=  Ans.[B]
2
F I c1x  y F c 2  c1 I
Ex.7 tan–1G
H K J
c1y  x
G
H
+ tan –1
1  c 2 c1
JK
Fc  c I F1 I
+ tan G
H1  c c JK+ .... + tan G
Hc JK=
3 2
–1 –1
3 2 n

y x
(A) tan–1 (B) tan–1
x y
y
(C) – tan–1 (D) None of these
x