14  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

wewmGm cÖv_©x‡`i gv‡S ¯^í mg‡q RbwcÖqZv AR©bKvix

AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewji eB
wek¦ ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj- Gi
we‡kl mvwcø‡g›U [28 GwcÖj, 2023]

mv‡RkÝ I mv¤úªwZK
45Zg wewmGm wcÖwj/wjwLZ/fvBfv Ges
e¨vsK cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨
iPbv I m¤úv`bv
GmGg AvwZK
wd«j¨vÝ wkÿK I mvsevw`K
cÖ‡qvR‡b: 01756 32 81 47

2023 mv‡j †jL‡Ki †hme eB evRv‡i Avm‡Q

 G †U·UeyK Ae Kb‡mcPz¨qvj Bmy¨R (PZz_© ms¯‹iY), 45Zg wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨
 G n¨vÛeyK Ae BgwcwiK¨vj Bmy¨R A¨vÛ cÖe‡jg mjwfs (Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY), 45Zg wjwLZ cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨
 wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj (Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY), 46Zg wcÖwj cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨
 evsjv‡`‡ki †mKvj GKvj (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY), 46Zg wcÖwj cÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨

(GB mv‡RkÝ I mv¤úªwZK †bvU †_‡K cÖkœ Kg‡bi †Kv‡bv wbðqZv †bB| †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q
mv¤úªwZK AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv¸‡jv Kb‡mÞmn Zz‡j ai‡Z| wcÖwj cixÿvi cvkvcvwk wjwLZ I
fvBfv cixÿvi Rb¨ †ek mnvqK n‡e e‡j Avgv‡`i wek¦vm)|
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 15

eBwUi cÖvw߯’vb
evsjvevRvi cwi‡ekK
mygbv eB Ni, 37/1, miKvi gv‡K©U, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100
†dvb : 01920-494607, 01833-455777|

bxj‡ÿZ cwi‡ekK
gvgyb eyK nvDR, 73, Bmjvwgqv gv‡K©U, bxj‡ÿZ, XvKv|
†dvb : 01819-472995, 01912-318193|
16  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

Aa¨vq 1: ˆewk¦K BwZnvm, AvÂwjK-AvšÍR©vwZK e¨e¯’v I f~ivRbxwZ

ˆewk¦K BwZnvm
1. mf¨Zv¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb I eo Ae`vb
2. divwm wecøe, iæk wecøe
3. cÖ_g I wØZxq wek¦hy×
4. ¯œvqyhy×
AvÂwjK e¨e¯’v (wb‡Pi msMVb¸‡jv wjwLZ cixÿvi wm‡jevm †_‡K †bqv)
msMVb cÖwZôv m`i`ßi m`m¨
mvK© 1987 KvVgvÛz 8 (AvdMvwb¯Ívb me©‡kl)
Avwmqvb 1967 RvKvZ©v 10 (11 n‡e 2023 b‡f¤^‡i c~e© wZgyi hy³ n‡j)
wegm‡UK 1997 XvKv 7
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb 1963/2002 AvwÏm Avevev 55
BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb 1957/1993 eªv‡mjm 27 (me©‡kl †µv‡qwkqv, †ewi‡q †M‡Q hy³ivR¨)
wRwmwm 1981 wiqv` 6
IAvBwm 1969 †RÏv 57
A¨v‡cK 1989 wm½vcyi 21 (cÖwZôv K¨vb‡eiv, A‡÷ªwjqv)
b¨v‡Uv 1949 eªv‡mjm 31 (me©‡kl wdbj¨vÛ)
AvšÍR©vwZK e¨e¯’v
1. wjM Ae †bkbm
2. RvwZms‡Ni BwZnvm
3. cÖavb QqwU A½ msMVb
4. m`i`ßi, m`m¨, fvlv, cZvKv, cÖZxK
f~ivRbxwZ
1. mgy`ª AvBb
2. mgy`ª wb‡q we‡iva
3. `wÿY wPb mvMi we‡iva
4. mvgwiK NvuwU
5. we‡ivac~Y© GjvKv
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 17

Aa¨vq 2: AvšÍR©vwZK wbivcËv I AvšÍitivóªxq ÿgZv m¤úK©

AvšÍR©vwZK wbivcËv
1. MYweaŸsmx A¯¿mg~n (WMD)
2. wbivcËvi Rb¨ ûgwK msMVbmg~n
3. †Møvevj †U‡ivwiRg Bb‡W·-2023
Ñ kxl© †`k AvdMvwb¯Ívb
Ñ kxl© mš¿vmx msMVb BmjvwgK †÷U
Ñ GB Rwic K‡i Bbw÷wUDU di B‡KvbwgKm A¨vÛ wcm
AvšÍtivóªxq ÿgZv m¤úK©
1. Avie Bmiv‡qj m¤úK© I m¤úvw`Z Pzw³mg~n
2. fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb Pzw³mg~n
3. evsjv‡`k fviZ Pzw³mg~n
4. we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pzw³mg~n

Aa¨vq 3: cwi‡ekMZ Bmy¨ I K~UbxwZ

cwi‡ekMZ Bmy¨
1. 5wU eo cwi‡ek welqK mgm¨v (†hgb wMÖb nvDm B‡d±, I‡Rvb ¯Í‡i ÿq, ebf~wg DRviKiY, `~lY,
giæf~wgKiY)
2. cwi‡ek welqK cyi¯‹vi: P¨vw¤úqbm Ae `¨ Av_©-2022 (D‡`¨v³v K¨vUvMwi‡Z cywY©gv †`we, weÁv‡b
cv_©`vm GB cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb)

cwi‡ekMZ K~UbxwZ
1. m‡¤§jb (gvbe cwi‡ek I awiÎx)
2. GgwWwR I GmwWwR
3. Kb‡fbkb: wf‡qbv, evwmj, Rxe‰ewPÎ, †d«gIqvK©, ivgmvi
4. †cÖv‡UvKj: gw›Uªj, wK‡qv‡Uv, KvU©v‡Rbv
5. GwMÖ‡g›U: c¨vwim, Møvm‡Mv
6. dvÛ: wMÖb K¬vB‡gU I jm A¨vÛ W¨v‡gR
7. Kc-27 (kvg© Gj kv‡qL Rjevqy cwieZ©b m‡¤§jb)
8. `yBwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ: jm A¨vÛ W¨v‡gR dvÛ MVb Ges 2019 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 43
kZvsk Kve©b wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi wmÜvšÍ
18  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

msMVb
bvg I cÖwZôv m`i`ßi Z_¨vw`
AvBBDwmGb- 1948 MøvÛ cÖK…wZ msiÿY Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i †UKmB e¨envi wb‡q KvR
K‡i|
WvejBDGgI-1950 †R‡bfv AvenvIqv welqK wewfbœ Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR K‡i|
wMÖbwcm-1971 Avg÷viWvg cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQ‡jv KvbvWvi f¨v¼zfv‡i| cwi‡ek welqK Bmy¨ wb‡q
wek¦evmx K¨v‡¤úBb K‡i| 26wU GbwRIi mgš^‡q KvR K‡i|
BDGbBwc- 1972 bvB‡ivwe RvwZms‡Ni QqwU Znwe‡ji GKgvÎ hv cwi‡ek wb‡q KvR K‡i| GwU
cÖwZwôZ nq 5 Ryb| ZvB 5 Ryb cwi‡ek w`em cvjb Kiv nq|
AvBwcwmwm-1988 †R‡bfv WvejBDGgI Ges BDGbBwci mgš^‡q MwVZ| gvby‡li Kg©Kv‡Ð
Rjevqy cwieZ©b welqK ˆeÁvwbK Ávb wb‡q KvR K‡i| 2007 mv‡j
†bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi cvq| 2015 mv‡j lô A¨v‡mm‡g›U mvB‡Kj
ïiæ K‡i| hv †kl n‡e 2023 mv‡j| lô A¨v‡mm‡g›U wi‡cvU© cÖKvk
K‡i 2021 mv‡ji AvM‡÷|
wMÖbµm-1993 †R‡bfv wgLvBj Me©v‡Pf GwUi cÖwZôvZv| 30wU †`k Gi m`m¨|
BDGbGdwmwmwm-1994 eb wMÖb nvD‡mi wbtmiY Kgv‡Z KvR K‡i| GwUi Aax‡b 1997 mv‡j
wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj nq| †hwU‡K evwZj K‡i n‡q‡Q c¨vwim c¨v±|
wmwfGd-2009 †bB 11wU m`m¨ wQ‡jv cÖwZôvKv‡j| eZ©gvb m`m¨ 55wU †`k| eZ©gvb
mfvcwZ Nvbv (2024 ch©šÍ)| Gi Av‡M mfvcwZ wQ‡jv evsjv‡`k|
cÖ_g mfvcwZ gvjØxc|
wf20 †bB GwU wmwfG‡di A_©gš¿x‡`i wb‡q GKwU eøK| GwU MwVZ nq 2015
mv‡j wdwjcvB‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡| eZ©gvb mfvcwZ Nvbv| m`m¨ 55wU|
cÖwZôvKvjxb 20wU| Av‡Mi mfvcwZ evsjv‡`k|
GdGdGd-2018 †bB GwUi cÖwZôvZv myBwWk †MÖUv _ybevM©| GwU g~jZ Rjevqyi Rb¨ ¯‹zj
(dvB‡W di wdDPvi ag©NU| ïµev‡i ¯‹z‡ji K¬vm eR©b K‡i wkÿv_©xiv GB ag©NU cvjb
K‡i|
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 19

Aa¨vq 4: ˆewk¦K A_©‰bwZK cÖwZôvb I AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb

ˆewk¦K A_©‰bwZK cÖwZôvb
bvg cÖwZôv m`i`ßi m`m¨
wek¦e¨vsK 1944 IqvwksUb wWwm 189 (me©‡kl bvDiæ)
gy`ªv Znwej 1944 IqvwksUb wWwm 190 (me©‡kl A¨v‡Ûviv 2020 mv‡j hy³ nq)
evwYR¨ ms¯’v 1948/1995 †R‡bfv 164 (me©‡kl AvdMvwb¯Ívb 2016 mv‡j hy³ nq|
GwWwe 1966 †g‡Uªv g¨vwbjv/gv›`vjyqs 68
GbwWwe 2015 mvsnvB eZ©gvb m`m¨ 8| cÖwZôvKvjxb 5 Ges evsjv‡`k,
Avie AvwgivZ I wgki (2023, 20 †deªæ)| Di渇q
m¤¢ve¨ m`m¨|
GAvBAvBwe 2016 †eBwRs 106

AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb
bvg cÖwZôv m`i`ßi m`m¨
KgbI‡qj` 1931/1949 jÛb 56 (me©‡kl M¨veb I †Uv‡Mv 2022 mv‡j)
b¨vg 1961 †bB 120 (20 ivóª Ges 10 msMVb ch©‡eÿK)
B›Uvi‡cvj 1923 wjI, d«vÝ cÖwZôv wf‡qbv‡Z| GwU cywjk msMVb|
†iW µm 1863 †R‡bfv me©vwaK 3 evi †bv‡ej cvIqv msMVb
UªvÝcv‡iwÝ 1993 evwj©b `yb©xwZ cÖwZ‡iv‡a KvR K‡i
B›Uvib¨vkbvj
A¨vg‡bw÷ 1961 jÛb gvbevwaKvi wb‡q KvR K‡i
I‡cK 1960 wf‡qbv evM`v‡` cÖwZwôZ| cÖ_g m`i`ßi wf‡qbv| eZ©gvb m`m¨
13wU †`k| I‡cK+ Gi m`m¨ †`k 11wU| GwU GKwU Kv‡U©j
ai‡bi cÖwZôvb|
20  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨vb¨ A½ msMVb

we‡klvwqZ ms¯’v-15wU
bvg c~Y©bvg cÖwZôv m`i`ßi
ITU International Telecommunication Organisation 1865 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
UPU Universal Postal Union 1874 evb©, myBRvij¨vÛ
ILO International Labor Organisation 1919 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
IMF International Monetary Fund 1944 IqvwksUb wWwm, hy³ivóª
WB World Bank 1944 IqvwksUb wWwm, hy³ivóª
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation 1944 gw›Uªj, KvbvWv
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation 1945 †ivg, BZvwj
UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and 1945 c¨vwim, d«vÝ
Cultural Organisation
WHO World Health Organisation 1948 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
IMO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative 1948(1982) jÛb, hy³ivR¨
Organisation International Maritime
Organisation
WMO World Meteorological Organisation 1950 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development 1966 wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv
Organisation
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation 1967 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
UNTWO World Tourism Organisation 1975 gvw`ª`, †¯úb
IFAD International Fund for Food and Agriculture 1977 †ivg, BZvwj

mwPevj‡qi Aaxb ¯’vqx msMVb

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and 1964 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
Development. PviwU msMV‡bi mv‡_ KvR K‡i|
msMVb¸‡jv n‡jv wek¦e¨vsK, gy`ªv Znwej, evwYR¨
ms¯’v I Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (BDGbwWwc)
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 21

RvwZms‡Ni Znwej I Kg©m~wP (Fund and Program)-6wU

bvg c~Y©iƒc/Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vewj mvj m`i`ßi
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund. 1965 mv‡j ms¯’vwU †bv‡ej 1946 wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª
cyi¯‹vi cvq| c~‡e© Gi c~Y©iƒc wQ‡jv United Nations International
Emergency Children’s Fund. †cvjv‡Ûi wPwKrmK jy`wfK
ivRPg¨vb GwUi cÖwZôvZv|
WFP World Food Programme. 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wek¦ †_‡K ÿzav 1961 †ivg, BZvwj
`~ixKiY, Lv`¨ wbivcËv I cywói gvb-Dbœq‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY
K‡i‡Q| GwU we‡k¦i me‡P eo gvbweK msMVb| 88 †`‡ki 100
wgwjqb gvbyl‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
UNDP United Nations Development Programme BDGbwWwci c¨v‡i›U 1965 wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª
AM©vbvB‡Rkb n‡jv- A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil`| ¯^‡ívbœZ
†`k¸‡jvi Dbœqb Kv‡R mgš^q K‡i BDGbwWwc| GwU RvwZms‡Ni
eûgyLx KvwiMwi I cÖvK-wewb‡qvM mn‡hvwMZv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ e„nr
ms¯’v| Gi cÖav‡bi c`ex- cÖkvmK|
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund 1969 wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 1972 bvB‡ivwe, †Kwbqv
UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme 1978 bvB‡ivwe, †Kwbqv

RvwZms‡Ni m¤ú„³ cÖwZôvb- 8wU

bvg c~Y©iƒc/Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vewj mvj m`i`ßi
IOM International Organization for Migration 1951 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency 1957 wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1994 eb, Rvg©vwb
WTO World Trade Organization 1995 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
CTBTO Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear- 1997 wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv
Test-Ban Treaty Organization
OPCW Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. 2013 1997 †nM, †b`vij¨vÛ
mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf
ITC International Trade Center cÖwZwôZ nq 1964 mv‡j| GwU 1964 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
GmGgB (small and medium interprise) wb‡q KvR Kiv GKgvÎ
msMVb| GwU wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯’v I RvwZms‡Ni †hŠ_ ms¯’v|
ICC International Criminal Court. 1998 mv‡ji †ivg mswewa 2002 `¨ †nM, †b`vij¨vÛm
Abyhvqx cÖwZwôZ| cywZ‡bi weiæ‡× †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv Rvwi K‡i|
22  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb (Other Entities and Bodies)- 9wU

bvg c~Y©iƒc/Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vewj mvj m`i`ßi
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine 1949 c~e© †Riæmv‡jg
Refugees. GB ms¯’vwU Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West
Bank G KvR Ki‡Q|
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1954 1950 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
Ges 1981 mv‡j ms¯’vwU †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i|
UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research. 1963 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi mÿgZv e„w× cÖwZÿY †`q|
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 1966 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨vb¨ 11wU cÖwZôvb UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP,
UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, the ILO, UNESCO, WHO and
World Bank, UNWOMEN Gi mn‡hvwMZvq cwiPvwjZ nq
UNAIDS
UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services GwU c~‡e© 1973 †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb
BDGbwWwci Ask wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ Ki‡jI GLb ¯^Zš¿ †WbgvK©
cÖwZôvb|
UNIDIR United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction 1980 †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
UNSSC United Nations System Staff College 2001 †Zvwi‡bv, BZvwj
UN United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the 2010 wbDBqK©
Women Empowerment of Women
UNU United nations University 1972 †UvwKI, Rvcvb
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 23

Aa¨vq 5: mv¤úªwZK
mv¤úªwZK
1. BD‡µb ivwkqv hy×
2. weªwUk ivRKvwnwb
3. Av‡gwiKvi ga¨eZ©x wbe©vPb
4. wP‡bi bqv mvgvR¨ev`
5. wPb we‡ivax Av‡gwiKvi †RvU
6. fviZ-wPb Ø›Ø I evsjv‡`k
7. mv¤úªwZK ga¨cÖvP¨

1. KvZvi wek¦Kvc
2. AvBwmwm wek¦Kvc

1. m‡¤§jb-‰eVK
2. AvBGgGd FY`vb bxwZ
3. b¨v‡Uvi m¤úªmviY
4. †k‡Ob I BD‡iv †Rv‡bi m¤úªmviY

1. Rwic
2. cyi¯‹vi
3. w`em

ivwkqv-BD‡µb hy×
ivwkqv cwiwPwZ
ivwkqv GKwU AvšÍgnv‡`wkq †`k| c~e© BD‡ivc Ges DËi Gwkqv Ry‡o †`kwU Aew¯’Z| GwU AvqZ‡b c„w_exi
e„nËg †`k| c„w_exi †gvU ¯’jfv‡Mi AvU fv‡Mi GK fvM Ry‡o GwU Aew¯’Z|
ÂÂ ivwkqv 11wU UvBg †Rv‡b wef³|
ÂÂ 14wU †`‡ki mv‡_ ¯’jmxgv i‡q‡Q| wP‡biI mxgv i‡q‡Q mgvb msL¨vK †`‡ki mv‡_|

BwZnvm
 ivwkqv‡Z Rvi mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ nq: 2 b‡f¤^i 1721
ÂÂ cÖ_g Rvi: wcUvi w` †MÖU
 me©‡kl Rvi: wb‡Kvjvm wØZxq
24  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

 †deªæqvwi-gvP© wecø‡ei ga¨ w`‡q RviZš¿ Aemvb N‡U: 15 gvP© 1917

 A‡±vei wecøe: 7 b‡f¤^i 1917 (†bZv wfAvB †jwbb)
ÂÂ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb MVb: 30 wW‡m¤^i 1922
ÂÂ eZ©gv‡bi ivwkqv †dWv‡ikb MVb: 12 wW‡m¤^i 1991

Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
 cÖavbgš¿x: wgLvBj wgïw¯Íb
ÂÂ †cÖwm‡W›U: føvw`wgi cywZb
 ivRavbx: g‡¯‹v
ÂÂ gy`ªv: iæej
ÂÂ ivwkqvi f~LÐ Qq iKg
ÂÂ Ieøv÷: 48wU
ÂÂ wicvewjK: 24wU
ÂÂ ivB: 9wU
ÂÂ ¯^vqËkvwmZ AKivMm: 4wU
ÂÂ ¯^vqËkvwmZ Ieøv÷: 1wU (wP‡bi wbKUeZ©x Bûw` Aay¨wlZ)

ivwkqvi i¨vswKs
ÂÂ †Møvevj dvqvi cvIqvi i¨vsK: wØZxq (Av‡gwiKv cÖ_g)
ÂÂ wRwWwc (bwgbvj): beg (Av‡gwiKv cÖ_g)
ÂÂ b¨vPvivj M¨vm: cÖ_g \ Kqjv: wØZxq (Av‡gwiKv cÖ_g)
ÂÂ b¨vPvivj M¨vm ißvwb‡Z cÖ_g
 A¯¿ ißvwb‡Z w`¦Zxq (Av‡gwiKv cÖ_g)

BD‡µb cwiwPwZ
GwU c~e© BD‡iv‡ci GKwU †`k| AvqZb we‡ePbvq wb‡j ivwkqvi ci BD‡iv‡ci e„nËg †`k| †`kwU‡K BD‡iv‡ci
iywUi Szwi ejv nq| †`kwUi ivRavbxi bvg wK‡qf| gy`ªv wn«ewbqv| gv_vwcQz bwgbvj wRwWwc Abyhvqx BD‡µb
BD‡iv‡ci me‡P `wi`ª †`k|
Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
 BD‡µb cÖRvZš¿ cÖwZwôZ nq: 10 Ryb 1917
ÂÂ ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv: 24 AvM÷ 1991
 †cÖwm‡W›U: f‡jvw`wgi †R‡jbw¯‹

ivR¨
BD‡µb GKwU BDwbUvwi †`k| Zvi †gvU AÂj 27wU| †h¸‡jv wZbfv‡M wef³
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 25

ÂÂ Ieøv÷: 24wU
ÂÂ ¯^vqËkvwmZ AÂj: 1wU (wµwgqv hv ivwkqv KZ©„K `LjK…Z)
 `yBwU we‡kl bMi: wK‡qf I wmfv¯Í‡cvj

BD‡µ‡bi `yBwU wecøe

1. A‡iÄ wecøe: 22 b‡f¤^i 2004 †_‡K 23 Rvbyqvwi 2005 ch©šÍ Kgjv wecøe msNwUZ nq| 2004 mv‡ji
wbe©vP‡b KviPzwci e¨vcK Awf‡hvM G‡b GB wecøe nq| GB wecø‡ei ga¨ w`‡q †cÖwm‡W›U n‡qwQ‡jb wf±i
BDk‡P‡¼v| wZwb BD‡µb‡K cwðgvgyLx K‡ib|
1. gh©v`vi wecøe : 2014 mv‡ji 18 †_‡K 24 †deªæqvwi GB wecøe nq| Gi Av‡iKwU bvg gvB`vb wecøe|
GB wecø‡ei ga¨ w`‡q †cÖwm‡W›U wf±i Bqvby‡KvwfP DrLvZ nb| 2010 mv‡j wZwb †cÖwm‡W›U nb| Gi
Av‡M wZwb BD‡µ‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb Ges `‡br¯‹ Ieøv‡÷i Mfb©iI wQ‡jb| wZwb ivwkqvcš’x GKRb
†cÖwm‡W›U|

wµwgqvi BwZnvm
1443 mvj †_‡K 1783 mvj ch©šÍ wµwgqv DcØxc wQ‡jv A‡Uvgvb mv¤ªv‡R¨i Aax‡b| A‡Uvgvb‡`i KvQ †_‡K
iæk mv¤ªvR¨ wµwgqv‡K wQwb‡q †bq| 1954 mv‡j †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv wµwgqv‡K n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i BD‡µb †mvwf‡qZ
wicvewj‡Ki Kv‡Q| GB mvjwU wQ‡jv ivwkqv-BD‡µ‡bi HwZnvwmK Pzw³ †c‡iqv¯øv‡fi 300 eQi c~wZ©|
27 †deªæqvwi 2014 ivwkqvi ˆmb¨iv wµwgqvi wfZi Xz‡K c‡o| 16 gvP© weZwK©Z MY‡fvU AbywôZ nq| MY‡fv‡U
96 kZvsk †fvUvi ivwkqvi mv‡_ hy³ nIqvi c‡ÿ gZ †`q| 18 gvP© †_‡K ivwkqvi AvbyôvwbK `Lj`vwiZ¡ ïiæ
nq wµwgqv‡Z|

KvP© weªR
K…ò mvMi‡K A¨vRf mvM‡ii mv‡_ hy³ K‡i‡Q KvP© cÖYvwj| GB cÖYvwji Ici w`‡q ivwkqv †mZz wbg©vY K‡i
wµwgqv‡K moK I †ijc‡_ hy³ K‡i‡Q ivwkqvi mv‡_| 2018 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j KvP© †mZzi wbg©vY ïiæ nq| 2018
mv‡ji †g gv‡m moK I 2019 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i †ij †hvMv‡hvM ïiæ nq| moK †mZzi ‰`N©¨ 16.9 wKwg I †ij
†mZzi ˆ`N©¨ 18.1 wKwg|

ivwkqv BD‡µb hy‡×i KviY

ivwkqvi PvIqv BD‡µbmn †mvwf‡q‡Zi mKj wicvewjK Zvi mv‡_B †RvUe× _vKzK| GRb¨ ivwkqv 1991 mv‡j
wmAvBGm, 1992 mv‡j wmGmwUI, 2015 mv‡j BBBD cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| BD‡µb GB wZbwU †Rv‡Ui †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB
†bB| D‡ëv Zviv hy³ n‡Z hv‡”Q Av‡gwiKvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb b¨v‡Uv‡Z Ges Av‡gwiKvi cÖfve ej‡q _vKv BBD‡Z|
BD‡µ‡bi GB cÖ‡Póv‡K ivwkqv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbivcËv k¼v wn‡m‡e †`L‡Q| ZvB GB hy×|

ivwkqvi †cÖwm‡W›U cywZ‡bi `vwe, BD‡µ‡bi eZ©gvb miKvi bvMwiK‡`i gvbevwaKvi j•Nb Ki‡Q| †R‡bvmvBW
Ki‡Q| ZvB ivwkqv BD‡µb‡K wWwgwjUvivBR I wWbvwRdvB Ki‡Z Pvq| G Rb¨ GB hy×| ivwkqv GwUI
26  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

Awf‡hvM K‡i, cwðgv wek¦ ivwkqv‡dvweqv‡Z AvµvšÍ Ges BD‡µ‡bi wbI-bvwRRg‡K DmKvwb w`‡”Q|
ivwkqvi GB AvµgY RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2(4) bs Aby‡”Q‡`i j•Nb| hw`I ivwkqvi `vwe, RvwZmsN mb‡`i 51
b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡` †h AvZ¥iÿvi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q Zviv †mB weavb Abyhvqx hy× cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|

hy× ïiæ
1. 2004 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b e¨vcK KviPzwc n‡q‡Q Awf‡hvM Zz‡j 22 b‡f¤^i BD‡µ‡b ïiæ
nq GKwU wecøe| hv Kgjv wecøe bv‡g cwiwPZ| wecøewU †kl nq 2005 mv‡ji 23 Rvbyqvwi f±i
BDk‡P‡¼vc †cÖwm‡W›U nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q| whwb BD‡µb‡K cwðgvgyLx K‡ib|
2. 2008 mv‡j BD‡µb b¨v‡Uvi †g¤^viwkc A¨vKkb cø¨vb (g¨vc)-G hy³ nIqvi Av‡e`b K‡i| ivwkqv
e¨vcKgvÎvq Amš‘ó nq|
3. 2010 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b BD‡µ‡bi ÿgZvq e‡mb wf±i BDqvby‡KvwfP| wZwb wQ‡jb iækcš’x †cÖwm‡W›U|
4. wf±i BDqvby‡Kvwf‡Pi weiæ‡× 2014 mv‡ji 18 †deªæqvwi wecøe ïiæ K‡i BD‡µ‡bi RbMY| ZLb
ivwkqv BD‡µ‡bi weiæ‡× hy‡×i wm×všÍ nq| 2014 mv‡ji 20 †deªæqvwi ivwkqv hy× ïiæ K‡i|
5. Z‡e ivwkqv eo hy× ïiæ K‡i (full scale invasion) 2022 mv‡ji 24 †deªæqvwi|

wgb¯‹ Pzw³
ivwkqv BD‡µb hy× e‡Ü Zrci nq wek¦ m¤úª`vq| Zv‡`i ZrciZvq hy× e‡Ü `yBwU Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq| hv wgb¯‹
Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ| hw`I ivwkqv 2022 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi Pzw³ `yBwU †f‡O †`q Ges 24 †deªæqvwi BD‡µ‡bi
Ici eo AvµgY ïiæ K‡i|
1. cÖ_g wgb¯‹ Pzw³: GwU ¯^vÿwiZ nq 2014 mv‡ji 5 †m‡Þ¤^i| GB Pzw³i K‡i g~jZ UªvB †jUvivj MÖæc|
GB MÖæ‡c i‡q‡Q ivwkqv, BD‡µb Ges 1973 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ wf‡qbv‡Z Aew¯’Z 57 †`‡ki msMVb
AM©vbvB‡Rkb di wmwKDwiwU A¨vÛ †KvAcv‡ikb Bb BD‡ivc|
2. wØZxq wgb¯‹ Pzw³: 2015 mv‡ji 12 †deªæqvwi GB Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq| GwU m¤úv`b K‡i ivwkqv,
BD‡µb, Rvg©vwb, d«v‡Ýi mgš^‡q 2014 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ MwVZ †RvU big¨vwÛ dig¨vU|

eø¨vK wm †MÖBb Bwbwk‡qwUf

1. GwU BD‡µ‡bi e›`i †_‡K km¨ I Lv`¨mvgMÖx wbivc‡` cwien‡Yi GKwU D‡`¨vM
2. GwU Kvh©Ki nq 2022 mv‡ji 22 RyjvB|
3. GwU ¯^vÿi ¯’vb: B¯Ív¤^yj, Zzi¯‹
4. ¯^vÿiKvix cÿ: ivwkqv, BD‡µb, Zzi¯‹ I RvwZmsN (Pvicÿxq Pzw³)

2022 mv‡ji hy‡× ivwkqvi AR©b

1. jynvb¯‹, `‡br¯‹, RvcwiSwSqv I †Limb GB PviwU AÂj `L‡ji `vwe K‡i‡Q ivwkqv|
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 27

2. 2022 mv‡ji 23 †_‡K 27 wW‡m¤^i MY‡fvU Av‡qvRb Kiv nq D³ Pvi A‡j| ivwkqvi c‡ÿ dj
Av‡m| Z‡e †Kej DËi †Kvwiqv mvq †`q †mB MY‡fv‡U| AwaKvsk †`k cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
3. 2022 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤^i ivwkqvi †cÖwm‡W›U cywZb Rvbvb †h, Zviv BD‡µ‡bi PviwU AÂj `L‡j
wb‡q‡Q|
4. 2022 mv‡ji 19 A‡±vevi D³ PviwU A‡j ivwkqvi mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nq|

ivwkqvi weiæ‡× wek¦m¤úª`v‡qi cÖwZwµqv

RvwZmsN
1. mvaviY mfv Riæwi we‡kl mfvq 2022 mv‡ji 7 GwcÖj ivwkqv‡K gvbevwaKvi cwil` †_‡K ewn®‹v‡ii
wm×všÍ †bq|
2. BD‡µ‡bi PviwU AÂj `Lj †bqvi cÖwZev` Rvbvq mvaviY mfv 2022 mv‡ji 12 A‡±vei|
wR 7
1. wR 7 MwVZ nq 1973 mv‡j| Z‡e cÖwZwôZ nq 1975 mv‡j cÖ_g kxl© m‡¤§j‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| wR 7 G
1997 mv‡j ivwkqv hy³ nq Ges msMVbwU wR 8 G cwiYZ nq| 2014 mv‡ji gv‡P© ivwkqv‡K ewn®‹vi
Kiv nq wR 8 †_‡K d‡j Zv wR 7 G cwiYZ nq|
1. wR †m‡fb, BD‡ivwcqvb BDwqb Ges A‡÷ªwjqv ivwkqvi wW‡Rj I Ab¨vb¨ widvBb †c‡Uªvwjqv‡gi
Ici cÖvBm K¨vc (`vg wba©viY) ewm‡q †`q| D‡Ïk¨ g‡¯‹vi ivR¯^ Kgv‡bv|
Av‡gwiKv
1. 1941 mv‡ji †jÛ wjR A¨v± wdwi‡q Avbv n‡q‡Q BD‡µb‡K mnvqZvi Rb¨|
2. wg·`i mnvqZvi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKv 2023 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvwi Kb‡fbkbvj Avg©m UªvÝdvi (K¨vU)
bxwZ MÖnY K‡i|
3. BD‡µb wW‡dÝ KbU¨v± MÖæc : cÖwZwôZ nq 2022 mv‡ji 26 GwcÖj| †Rv‡U Av‡gwiKvi †bZ…‡Z¡
GwcÖj 2023 ch©šÍ 54wU †`k hy³ n‡q‡Q|
BBD
1. ivwkqv, †ejviæk I Biv‡bi Ici wb‡lavÁv Ac©Y K‡i‡Q|
wjIcvW© 2 Gg 1 Aveªvgm
ÂÂ Rvg©vb ˆZwi e¨vUj U¨vsK ÂÂ Av‡gwiKvi ˆZwi e¨vUj U¨vsK
 1879 †_‡K †mev w`‡”Q  1980 mvj †_‡K †mev w`‡”Q
 wewfbœ †`k BD‡µb‡K GB U¨vsK w`‡”Q  eZ©gv‡b BD‡µb‡K †`qv n‡”Q
28  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

weªwUk miKvi e¨e¯’v

ivRZš¿
hy³ivR¨ mvsweavwbK ivRZ‡š¿i †`k| ivRv ev ivwb †`kwUi m‡e©v”P ÿgZvai e¨w³| wZwb GKvav‡i hy³iv‡R¨i
mvsweavwbK cÖavb, 56 m`m¨wewkó KgbI‡qj` bvgK msMV‡bi cÖavb Ges KgbI‡qj‡`i 14wU m`m¨ †`‡ki
(weªwUk wijg) mvsweavwbK cÖavb|

Pvjm© w_ª
ÂÂ eZ©gvb ivRv
ÂÂ `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb 2022 mv‡ji 8 †m‡Þ¤^i
ÂÂ Zvi Rb¥ 1948 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤^i
 wZwb hy³iv‡R¨i me‡P †ewk eq¯‹ ivRv
ÂÂ Zvi gv‡qi bvg GwjRv‡e_-2

GwjRv‡e_-2
ÂÂ me‡P †ewk mgq a‡i ivwb wQ‡jb|
ÂÂ Rb¥ 1926 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj (Bsj¨v‡Ûi jÛ‡b)
 g„Zz¨ 2022 mv‡ji 8 †m‡Þ¤^i (¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi evi‡gvivj K¨v‡m‡j)
 ivwb n‡qwQ‡jb 1952 mv‡ji 6 †deªæqvwi
ÂÂ Awf‡lK (K‡iv‡bkb) n‡qwQ‡jv 1953 mv‡ji 2 Ryb

cieZ©x ivRv/ivwb
ÂÂ DBwjqvg (wcÖÝ Ae I‡qjm)
ÂÂ Gici DBwjqv‡gi wZb †Q‡j Ges 5g b¤^‡i i‡q‡Q wcÖÝ n¨vwi (wWDK Ae mv‡m•)

hy³iv‡R¨i cvj©v‡g›U
hy³iv‡R¨i cvj©v‡g‡›Ui Ae¯’vb jÛ‡bi I‡q÷ wgwb÷v‡i| †`kwUi cvj©v‡g›U wØKÿ wewkó| D”PK‡ÿi bvg
nvDm Ae jW©m| wb¤œK‡ÿi bvg nvDm Ae Kgbm| hy³iv‡R¨i cvj©v‡g›U c„w_exi GKgvÎ cvj©v‡g›U hvi D”PKÿ
wb¤œ K‡ÿi †P‡q eo| eZ©gvb cvj©v‡g›U 58Zg|

nvDm Ae Kgbm
ÂÂ 650 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q MwVZ
ÂÂ miKvwi `j KiRvi‡fwUf `‡ji m`m¨ 354
ÂÂ jqvj AcwRkb Z_v we‡ivax `j †jevi cvwU©i m`m¨ 197
ÂÂ †gqv` m‡e©v”P 5 eQi
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 29

 RbMY mivmwi †fvU w`‡q wbe©vwPZ K‡i m`m¨‡`i

 GB †fvU‡K ejv nq dv÷© cv÷ `¨ †cv÷ †fvwUs

nvDm Ae jWm©
ÂÂ nvDm Ae wcqvim (peers) bv‡gI cwiwPZ
ÂÂ Avmb msL¨v wba©vwiZ bq, eZ©gv‡b 777 Rb
ÂÂ m`m¨iv AvRxe‡bi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ nb
ÂÂ GwU c„w_exi wØZxq e„nËg msm`
ÂÂ c„w_exi me‡P eo msm` MYwP‡bi b¨vkbvj wccjm Ks‡MÖm (m`m¨ 2980)

cÖavbgš¿x
ÂÂ miKvi cÖavb n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x
 cÖavbgš¿x‡K A_© wefv‡Mi dv÷© jW©, wmwfj mvwf©m gš¿x, wbivcËv gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
ÂÂ 2019 mv‡j cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ Av‡iv evov‡bv n‡q‡Q, wgwb÷vi Ae BDwbqb bv‡g GKwU c` m„wó Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †h c‡` cÖ_g `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb ewim Rbmb|
 10 WvDwbs w÷ªU jÛ‡b cÖavbgš¿xi Awdm
 eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x wiwk mybvK whwb `vwqZ¡ †bb 25 A‡±vei 2022 (57Zg)
ÂÂ Gi Av‡M wZwb A_©gš¿x (chancellor of the exchequer) wQ‡jb
 †`kwUi BwZnv‡m me‡P Kg mgq `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb cÖavbgš¿x wjR ÷ªvm
 wjR ÷ªvm gvÎ 50 w`b wQ‡jb cÖavbgš¿x (6 †m‡Þ¤^i 2022 †_‡K 25 A‡±vei 2022)
30  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

hy³iv‡óªi miKvi e¨e¯’v

†cÖwm‡W›U
ÂÂ †cÖwm‡W›U miKvi cªavb I ivóªcÖavb GKB mv‡_
ÂÂ †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii wbe©vnx wefv‡Mi cÖavb Ges †mbvevwnwbi KgvÛvi Bb wPd
ÂÂ c‡ivÿ wbe©vP‡b †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb 4 eQ‡ii Rb¨
 G ch©šÍ 45 Rb e¨w³ †cÖwm‡W›U n‡q‡Qb
ÂÂ eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U †Rv evB‡Wb 45Zg e¨w³ n‡jI †cÖwm‡W›U 46Zg
ÂÂ evB‡Wb 47Zg fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb

2022 mv‡ji Av‡gwiKvi wbe©vPb

ÂÂ GwU wQj 118Zg msm` wbe©vPb
ÂÂ 2022 mv‡ji 8 b‡f¤^i GwU AbywôZ nq A¨ve‡mw›U e¨vjwUs QvovB
 wb¤œKÿ nvDm Ae wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwU‡f ÿgZvmxb †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© †c‡q‡Q 213 †fvU Ab¨w`‡K
wicvewjKv‡bi Avmb 222wU|
ÂÂ D”PKÿ wm‡b‡U †W‡gvK¨vU‡`i Avmb GLb 51, wicvewjKvb‡`i 49

†cÖwm‡W‡›Ui AeZ©gv‡b fvBm †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb

ÂÂ 2021 mv‡ji 19 b‡f¤^i fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U Kgjv nvwim 85 wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ †cÖwm‡Wbwkqvj cvIqv‡i
e‡mwQ‡jb|
 Av‡gwiKvi msweav‡bi 25Zg ms‡kvabxi 3 b¤^i aviv Abyhvqx, †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui mvwR©K¨vj Acv‡ikb Pj‡j
fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb|
 †Rv evB‡W‡bi Iw`b Kj‡bv¯‹wc Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| ZvB Kgjv nvwim `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
ÂÂ Kgjv nvwim cÖ_g K…lv½, cÖ_g bvix fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U whwb GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

wP‡bi bqv mv¤ªvR¨ev`

weAviAvB
ÂÂ cÖ_‡g GB D‡`¨v‡Mi bvg wQ‡jv Iqvb †eë Iqvb †ivW (IweIAvi)
ÂÂ GwU M„nxZ nq 2013 mv‡ji 7 †m‡Þ¤^i
ÂÂ Aci bvg: wbD wmé iæU
ÂÂ 2016 mvj †_‡K bvg †eë A¨vÛ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUf (weAviAvB)
ÂÂ GwU wP‡bi ˆewk¦K AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb †KŠkj
 GB †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q cyivZb wek¦ Z_v Gwkqv, BD‡ivc I Avwd«Kv‡Z
ÂÂ A‡b‡K GB D‡`¨vM‡K Av‡gwiKvi 1948 mv‡j M„nxZ gvk©vj cø¨v‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i
ÂÂ †eë A_© wmé †ivW B‡Kv‡bvwgK †eë hv Øviv ¯’jfvM w`‡q †hvMv‡hvM (moK I †ij) Gi K_v ejv nq|
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 31

ÂÂ †ivW A_© GKzk kZ‡Ki †gwiUvBg wmé †ivW

 GB cÖK‡íi †gqv` †kl n‡e 2049 mv‡j
ÂÂ 151wU †`k G‡Z hy³ n‡e e‡j ZvwjKv Kiv n‡q‡Q
 wek¦e¨vsK cÖvKKjb K‡i‡Q †h, weAviAvB‡q AskMÖnYKvix †`k¸‡jv evwYR¨ 4.1 kZvsk evo‡e

AvK©wUK cwjwm
ÂÂ 2018 mv‡j ivwkqvi mv‡_ wPb †cvjvi wmé †ivW cÖKí MÖnY K‡i
ÂÂ GwU wP‡bi AvK©wUK cwjwmi Ask
 Gi gva¨‡g wPb DËi A‡j AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq, mvgwiK mÿgZv e„w×. M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Ges m¤ú`
D‡Ëvj‡bi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q|

w÷ªs Ae cvj©m
ÂÂ aviYvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q Av‡gwiKvi ivR‰bwZK M‡elKiv 2004 mv‡j
 Gi gva¨‡g Zviv eySvq- wP‡bi g~j f~LÐ †_‡K Avwd«Kvi †cvU© my`vb ch©šÍ wP‡bi evwYwR¨K I mvgwiK
my‡hvM myweav
 GB iæ‡Ui g‡a¨ wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvgyw`ªK PKc‡q›U c‡o †hgb, gvjv°v, j¤^K, nigyR I eve Gj gv‡›`e|
wKQz †`k c‡o †hgb wgqvbgvi, evsjv‡`k, gvjØxc, kÖxsjKv, cvwK¯Ívb, †mvgvwjqv, wReywZ
 Avgiv Awdwkqvwj w÷ªs Ae cvj©m AvBwWqv cvB 2005 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi cÖwZiÿv wefvM cÖKvwkZ
ÔGbvwR© wdDPvi Bb GwkqvÕ kxl©K cÖwZ‡e`‡b

FYdvu` K~UbxwZ
ÂÂ FYdvu` K~UbxwZ (debt-trap diplomacy) aviYvi cÖe³v fvi‡Zi GKv‡Wwgwkqvb eªþv wQjvwb|
ÂÂ wZwb 2017 mv‡j GB aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
 wPb wewfbœ †Qv‡Uv †`k‡K FY w`‡q dvu‡` †d‡j eo myweav Av`vq Ki‡Q e‡j A‡bK K~UbxwZwe` G‡K
FYdvu` K~UbxwZ e‡j‡Qb|
ÂÂ Z‡e †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb GUv wg_ (myth) ev †ÿvf (distraction)|
ÂÂ G‡K wkKvwi FY (predatory lending) e‡jI †KD †KD AwfwnZ K‡ib|
 cvwK¯Ívb, kÖxjsKvmn bvbvb †`k‡K wPb GB dvu‡` †d‡j‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv nq|

†bK‡o †hv×v K~UbxwZ

ÂÂ 2017 mv‡j gyw³ cvq Dî Iqvwiqvi-2 bv‡gi GKwU PvBwbR A¨vKkb Pjw”PÎ|
ÂÂ IB wm‡bgvi U¨vM jABb wQ‡jv- wPb‡K †h AvµgY Ki‡e Zv‡K †g‡i †djv n‡e, †hLv‡bB Zvi Ae¯’vb
†nvK
 wP‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i eZ©gvb AvMÖvmx K~UbxwZ‡K A‡b‡K IB wm‡bgvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i bvg w`‡”Q
†bK‡o †hv×v K~UbxwZ|
32  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

AviwmBwc
 wiwR&Iqvj K‡¤úª‡nbwmf BK‡bvwgK cvU©bviwkc ¯^vÿwiZ nq 2020 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤^i
ÂÂ GwU Kvh©Ki nq 2022 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi
ÂÂ GB †Rv‡Ui m`m¨ 15wU †`k
ÂÂ wf‡qZbv‡gi ivRavbx n¨vbq GB †Rv‡Ui fvP©yqvj †nv÷
ÂÂ 15wU m`‡m¨i g‡a¨ c~e© wZgyi Qvov Avwmqv‡bi `k m`m¨ i‡q‡Q
 GQvov c~e© Gwkqvi wPb, `wÿY †Kvwiqv I Rvcvb Ges I‡kwbqvi A‡÷ªwjqv I wbDwRj¨vÛ
ÂÂ AvBwcBG‡di Av‡gwiKv, fviZ, wdwR GB †Rv‡U †bB| evwK mevB Av‡Q|

wPb‡K †VKv‡Z Av‡gwiKvi Kg©m~wP

wd« A¨vÛ I‡cb B‡›`v c¨vwmwdK

 GwU GKwU Avg‡eªjv Uvg© A_©vr A‡bK¸‡jv cÖKí‡K GK‡Î ejv nq FOIP|
ÂÂ GwUi D‡`¨v³Zv Rvcvb I Av‡gwiKv
ÂÂ Rvcv‡bi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x wkb‡Rv A¨v‡e 2016 mv‡ji 27 AvM÷ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e GwU Dc¯’vcb
K‡ib
ÂÂ †dvB‡ci g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
1. KzqvW (Quad)
2. AKvm (AUKUS)
3. AvBwcBGd (IPEF)
KzqvW
ÂÂ GwU Pvicÿxq wbivcËv msjvc
ÂÂ 2007 mv‡j cÖwZôv K‡i 2008 mv‡j wejyß K‡i cybivq cÖwZôv Kiv nq 2017 mv‡j
 A‡÷ªwjqv, Rvcvb, fviZ, Av‡gwiKv Gi m`m¨
ÂÂ GwU GKwU wbivcËv †dvivg Z_v mvgwiK †RvU

AKvm
 bvg †_‡KB eySv hv‡”Q GwU A‡÷ªwjqv (A), hy³ivR¨ (UK) I Av‡gwiKvi (US) †RvU
ÂÂ GwU cÖwZwôZ nq 2021 mv‡ji 15 †m‡Þ¤^i
ÂÂ GwU GKwU mvgwiK †RvU

AvBwcBGd
 B‡›`v c¨vwmwdK B‡Kv‡bvwgK †d«gIqvK© Av‡gwiKv cÖwZwôZ A_©‰bwZK D‡`¨vM
ÂÂ †Rv evB‡Wb cÖwZôv K‡ib 2022 mv‡ji 23 †g
ÂÂ m`m¨ †`k 14wU
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 33

 Av‡gwiKv, fviZ, A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÛ, wdwR, Rvcvb, `wÿY †Kvwiqv Ges Avwmqv‡bi 10wU †`‡ki
g‡a¨ wgqvbgvi, K‡¤^vwWqv, jvIm Qvov evwK mvZwU †`k
ÂÂ GwU g~jZ wP‡bi AviwmBwci g‡ZvB GKwU †RvU|
 AvBwcBGd Kvh©Ki n‡j we‡k¦i me‡P eo A_©‰bwZK †RvU n‡e KviY wek¦ wRwWwci 40 kZvsk GB
14wU †`‡ki

dvBf AvBm
ÂÂ AvUjvw›UK PvU©v‡ii ga¨ w`‡q 1941 mv‡j aviYv cÖwZwôZ
 1943 mv‡j Rb¥ weª‡Ub-Av‡gwiKv (eªæmv) Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q
 eZ©gvb 5 m`m¨ n‡”Q KvbvWv, Av‡gwiKv, hy³ivR¨, A‡÷ªwjqv I wbDwRj¨vÛ

eøy WU †bUIqvK© (wewWGb)

ÂÂ 2019 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤^i cÖwZwôZ nq
 Gi m`m¨ A‡÷ªwjqv, Rvcvb I Av‡gwiKv
 Gi D‡Ïk¨ AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb cÖK‡í mnvqZv
ÂÂ GwU wP‡bi weAviAv‡K †VKv‡Z MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q
ÂÂ Gi m¤úªmvwiZ iƒc we3WvejBD

we3WvejBD
ÂÂ weì e¨vK †eUvi Iqvì© wR †m‡f‡bi GKwU D‡`¨vM
ÂÂ GwU M„nxZ nq 2021 mv‡ji 12 Ryb
 2035 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z AeKvVv‡gv Lv‡Z 40 wUªwjqb A_© cÖ‡qvRb| †mLv‡b mnvqZv
Ki‡e we3WvejBD|

wK¬b †bUIqvK©
ÂÂ GwU Av‡gwiKv M‡o †Zv‡j 2020 mv‡j
 D‡Ïk¨ we‡k¦i KZ©„Z¡evw` †Mvôxi KvQ †_‡K WvUv cÖvB‡fwm, wbivcËv I gvbevwaKvi myiÿv Kiv
 GwU MYZ‡š¿i g~j¨‡eva‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z Pvq
ÂÂ Av‡gwiKvi cvkvcvwk BBD, b¨v‡Uv, IBwmwWi m`m¨ QvovI, fviZ, Bmiv‡qj, ZvBIqvb GB †Rv‡U Av‡Q
ÂÂ 60wUi †ewk †`k GwUi m`m¨

wbD KzqvW
 cÖwZôv 2021 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m
 Gi D‡Ïk¨: wewb‡qvM
ÂÂ m`m¨ 4wU †`k n‡jv Av‡gwiKv, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, Bmiv‡qj, fviZ
ÂÂ GwU AvB2BD2 bv‡gI cwiwPZ
34  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yBwU †RvU

K¨vbRyK (CANZUK)
 GwU GKwU cÖ¯ÍvweZ A_©‰bwZK †RvU
 cÖ¯Íve cÖ_g Av‡m 1967 mv‡j
 Z‡e cÖ¯ÍvewU nv‡j cvwb cvq 2015 mv‡j
 GwU KvbvWv, A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÛ, hy³iv‡R¨i mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡Z hvIqv GKwU †RvU
 GwU n‡e A_©‰bwZK †RvU
ÂÂ GB †Rv‡Ui aviYv †bqv n‡q‡Q 1957 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ BD‡ivwcqvb B‡KvbwgK KwgDwbwU (BBwm) †_‡K

wZb mgy`ª D‡`¨vM (Three Seas Initiatives)

ÂÂ evwëK, Avw`ªqvwUK I K…ò mvM‡ii cvk¦eZ©x 12wU †`‡ki †RvU GwU
ÂÂ Gi mswÿß bvg 3SI/ TSI/ BABSI
 m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv n‡jv
1. †cvjvÛ
2. †PK wicvewjK
3. †¯øvfvwKqv
4. nv‡½wi
5. Awֻqv
6. eyj‡Mwiqv
7. †ivgvwbqv
8. †µv‡qwkqv
9. †¯øv‡fwbqv
10. G‡¯Ívwbqv
11. jvUwfqv
12. wj_yqvwbqv
ÂÂ GB †RvU cÖwZwôZ nq 2015 mv‡j

fviZ-wPb Ø›Ø
mxgvi‡Lv
 g¨vK‡gvnb jvBb (AvšÍR©vwZK mxgv‡iLv)
ÂÂ g¨vK‡Wvbvì jvBb (GwU wP‡bi `vweK…Z mxgv‡iLv)
ÂÂ Rbmb jvBb (GwU fvi‡Zi `vweK…Z mxgv‡iLv)
 jvBb Ae A¨vKPzqvj K‡›Uªvj (Kvwk¥‡i `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ wWd¨v‡±v mxgv‡iLv
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 35

`yB †`‡ki we‡ivac~Y© ¯’vb

ÂÂ AiæYvPj cÖ‡`k (1962 mv‡j wPb `Lj Ki‡jI c‡i †Q‡o †`q| GwU 1987 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ivR¨ nq|
wPb `vwe K‡i we‡kl K‡i Zvs GjvKv wZeŸ‡Zi Ask)
 b_yjv (GwU GKwU gvD‡›UBb cvm| fvi‡Zi wmwKg‡K hy³ K‡i‡Q wP‡bi wZeŸ‡Zi mv‡_| wmwK‡gi
Kvwjgcs I M¨vsUK‡K hy³ K‡i‡Q GB cvm wZeŸ‡Zi Pzw¤^ f¨vwji mv‡_)
 †`ŠjZ †eM Iwì Gqvi w÷ªc (GwU fvi‡Zi `L‡j)
ÂÂ MvjIqvb f¨vwj (GwU wP‡bi `L‡j)
 evivnwZ (wZeŸ‡Zi Ask eZ©gv‡b Z‡e fvi‡Zi `vwe GwU DËivL‡Ði Ask)
 Rv` M½v DcZ¨vKv/ gvbv cvm (eZ©gv‡b wZeŸ‡Zi Ask| fvi‡Zi `vwe GwU DËivL‡Ði Ask)
ÂÂ mvMmMvg f¨vwj (wP‡bi `LjK…Z, fvi‡Zi `vwe GwU jv`v‡Li Ask)
 Pzw¤^ f¨vwj (†bcvj I wmwK‡gi gv‡S Aew¯’Z| GwU wP‡bi wZeŸ‡Zi Ask)

we‡iv‡ai cwiµgv
 1962 mv‡j mxgvšÍ wb‡q hy× nq
 1993 I 1996 mv‡j Kbwd‡WÝ wewìs e¨e¯’vMÖnY Kiv nq| `yB †`k A¯¿ wb‡q mxgv‡šÍ cvnvov †`qv
eÜ K‡i|
 2013 mv‡j mxgvšÍ wbivcËv mn‡hvwMZv Pzw³ K‡i|
ÂÂ 2017 mv‡ji †WvKjvg ÷vÛAd|
ÂÂ 2020 mv‡j 5 `dv wee„wZ †`q|
 2022 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i AiæYvPj mxgv‡šÍ nvZvnvwZ nq `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨

wPb-fviZ Ø›Ø I evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`k `yB †`‡ki Rb¨ ¯úk©KvZi ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| ZvB wPb I fviZ Dfq †`k evsjv‡`k‡K cv‡k Pvq|
fviZ I evsjv‡`k m¤úK©
 wmwj¸wo Kwi‡Wvi/wP‡Kb †bK †m‡fb wm÷vi‡m fvi‡Zi g~j f~L‡Ði mv‡_ hy³ K‡i‡Q GwU evsjv‡`k-
‡bcv‡ji gv‡S 20-22 wK‡jvwgUvi GKwU Kwi‡Wvi
ÂÂ 1972 mv‡j `yB †`k Bbj¨vÛ IqvUvi UªvbwRU A¨vÛ †UªW †cÖv‡UvKj ¯^vÿi K‡i fviZ I evsjv`‡k|
ÂÂ 2015 mv‡j gvwë †gvWvj UªvbwRU Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq|
ÂÂ GwU 1600 wKwgi cwie‡Z© 400 wKwg gvÎ c_ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q fvi‡Zi KjKvZv †_‡K AvMoZjvi g‡a¨|
 2019 mv‡j `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ ÷¨vÛvW© Acv‡iwUs cÖwmwRDi ¯^vÿwiZ nq| d‡j moK c‡_ evsjv‡`k cvq
Ub cÖwZ 544UvKv|
 2022 mv‡j fviZ Zv‡`i wnwj †_‡K †gNvj‡qi gv‡n›`ªMÄ ch©šÍ GKwU UªvbwRU †P‡q‡Q|
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k wPjvnvwU-nwj`vevwo †Uªb iæU‡K fzUv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
36  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

evsjv‡`k wPb m¤úK©

ÂÂ wewmAvBGg †dviv‡gi m`m¨ Dfq †`k
ÂÂ 2020 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki 97 kZvsk cY¨ wP‡b Pvq wWDwU wd«
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k me‡P †ewk Bg‡cvU© K‡i wPb †_‡K (cÖvq 8 wewjqb Wjvi cY¨)
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡i `wÿY Gwkqvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡kB wP‡bi wewb‡qvM †ewk
 evsjv‡`‡k wP‡bi cÖwZkÖæZ †gvU FY mnvqZv 40 wewjqb Wjvi| 26 wewjqb weAviAvB cÖK‡í Ges 14
wewjqb R‡q›U †fÂv‡i|
ÂÂ Aek¨ evsjv‡`k †ewk FY †bq wek¦e¨vsK †_‡K (36 kZvsk), Gici GwWwe (23 kZvsk), Rvcvb (18
kZvsk), wPb †_‡K 8 kZvsk|

Kvjv`vb cÖKí
 GwU fvi‡Zi gvwë-†gvWvj UªvbwRU Uªv݇cvU© cÖKí
ÂÂ GwU cÖ_‡g KjKvZv e›`i‡K wgqvbgv‡ii ivLvB‡bi wmZ e›`‡ii mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡e hv cÖvq 539 wKwg
mgy`ª c_|
ÂÂ Gici wmZ †_‡K 158 wKwg Kvjv`vb b`x cvwo w`‡q hv‡e cv‡jZv-‡Z| Gici 62 wKwg moK c‡_
wgqvbgv‡ii RwibcyB mxgv‡šÍ †cŠuQv‡e| Zvici 100 wKwg gnvmoK n‡q wg‡Rviv‡gi ivRavbx AvBR‡j
†mB iæU †cŠuQv‡e|
ÂÂ A_©vr KjKvZv †_‡K AvBRj †cŠuQv‡bv hv‡e 859 wKwg cvwo w`‡q|
ÂÂ evsjv‡`‡ki Ici wbf©iZv Kgv‡Z fviZ GB UªvbwRU iæU ˆZwi Ki‡Q|

mv¤úªwZK ga¨cÖvP¨
Aveªvnvg A¨vKW©
ÂÂ i¨vwUwd‡Kkb nq 2020 mv‡ji 15 †m‡Þ¤^i
 ¯^vÿiKvix: 4wU †`k (evnivBb, Avie AvwgivZ I Bmv‡qj Ges ga¨¯’ZvKvix wn‡m‡e Av‡gwiKv)
 D‡Ïk¨: Avie Bmiv‡qj mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iva
ÂÂ GwU †gvU 3wU Pzw³: GKwU †NvlYvcÎ Ges Bmv‡q‡ji mv‡_ c„_Kfv‡e Avie AvwgivZ I evnivB‡bi Pzw³

evB‡W‡bi †mŠw` mdi

ÂÂ Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U †Rv evB‡Wb 2022 mv‡ji RyjvB‡q †mŠw` Avie mdi K‡ib|
ÂÂ GwU wQj evB‡W‡bi cÖ_g ga¨cÖvP¨ mdi|
 †Zj mieivn evov‡bvi wm×všÍ nq|
ÂÂ GB mgq †mŠw` Zv‡`i AvKvk mxgv Db¥y³ K‡i Bmiv‡q‡ji Rb¨|
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 37

Bivb-‡mŠw` m¤úK© cybt¯’vcb

 10 gvP© 2023 Bivb I †mŠw` m¤úK© cybt¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i
ÂÂ `yB †`‡ki cÖwZwbwa wgwjZ nb wP‡bi ivRavbx †eBwRs‡q
 A_©vr Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ga¨¯’Zv K‡i †`q wPb
ÂÂ `yB †`‡ki m¤úK© †f‡OwQj 2016 mv‡j
ÂÂ 2016 mv‡j wkqv †bZv wbgi Avj wbg‡ii g„Zz¨`Ð Kvh©Ki K‡i †mŠw` IB mgq `yB †`‡ki m¤ú‡K© †Q`
N‡U|
 2022 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i wRwmwm m‡¤§j‡b wiqv‡` nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb wPbv †cÖwm‡W›U wm wRb wcs|

mv¤úªwZK Bivb
ÂÂ Biv‡b BmjvwgK wecøe nq 1979 mv‡j AvqvZzjøvn †Lv‡gwbi †bZ…‡Z¡|
ÂÂ 1980 Gi `k‡K Biv‡b BmjvwgK cywjk cÖwZôv Kiv nq|
 2005 mv‡j cÖwZôv Kiv nq Mv‡¯Í Gikv` (MvB‡WÝ c¨v‡Uªvj/bxwZ cywjk)
ÂÂ 2022 mv‡ji 13 †m‡Þ¤^i Kzw`© gvkv Avwgwb‡K †MÖßvi K‡i bxwZ cywjk wnRve bv civi Awf‡hv‡M
ÂÂ c‡i gvkv Avwgwb cywjk †ndvR‡ZB gviv hvb|
ÂÂ 22 †m‡Þ¤^i 2022 Av‡gwiKv bxwZ cywj‡ki Ici m¨vskb Av‡ivc K‡i| 26 †m‡Þ¤^i GKB †NvlYv
†`q KvbvWv|
ÂÂ 2022 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤^i GUwb© †Rbv‡ij Rvdi †gvbZv‡Rwi e‡jb, bxwZ cywjk evwZj Kivi cÖwµqv
ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
ÂÂ Z‡e miKvi †mwU evwZj K‡iwb|

mv¤úªwZK AvdMvwb¯Ívb
 eZ©gv‡bi BmjvwgK AvwgivZ AvdMvwb¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ nq 2021 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷
ÂÂ eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x nvmvb AvLy›`
ÂÂ m‡e©v”P †bZv wnevZzjøvn AvLy›`Rv`v
 AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b eZ©gv‡b `ywf©ÿ Pj‡Q
 eZ©gv‡b Zv‡jevb‡K hy× Ki‡Z n‡”Q b¨vkbvj †iwR‡÷Ý d«›U (GbAviGd) Ges BmjvwgK †÷‡Ui
(AvBGm) mv‡_
ÂÂ GbAviGd Zv‡jevb we‡ivax GKwU msMVb| Av‡M bvg wQ‡jv b`©vb Gjv‡qÝ|
 Gi eZ©gvb m`i`ßi ZvwRwK¯Ív‡b|
 GbAviGd‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q Zv‡jevbwe‡ivax Av‡iKwU msMVb AvdMvwb¯Ívb wd«Wg d«›U (GGdGd)|
2022 mv‡ji 12 gvP© GwU cÖwZwôZ nq|
38  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

†Ljvayjv
wddv
ÂÂ B›Uvib¨vkbvj A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb dzUej †dWv‡ikb n‡jv dzUej, weP dzUej I dzUmv‡ji wbqš¿K ms¯’v
ÂÂ GwU cÖwZwôZ nq 1904 mv‡ji 21 †g
 GwU cÖwZwôZ nq d«v‡Ýi c¨vwi‡m
ÂÂ m`i`ßi: RywiL, myBRvij¨vÛ
ÂÂ m`m¨: 211 RvZxq A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb
 eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvwbœ BbdvwšÍ‡bv, myBRvij¨vÛ

wddv wek¦Kvc
ÂÂ cÖwZwôZ nq 1930 mv‡j
ÂÂ eZ©gvb P¨vw¤úqb Av‡R©w›Ubv (Z…Zxq UvB‡Uj)
ÂÂ me‡P †ewk evi P¨vw¤úqb eªvwRj (5wU UvB‡Uj)
 G ch©šÍ 17wU †`k Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q wek¦Kvc
 G ch©šÍ 80wU †`k wek¦Kvc †L‡j‡Q
 1942 Ges 1946 mv‡j AbywôZ nq wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Kvi‡Y
ÂÂ mvaviYZ Pvi eQi ci ci AbywôZ nq GB wek¦Kvc

2022 wddv wek¦Kvc (22Zg)

ÂÂ Av‡qvRK †`k wQ‡jv KvZvi (20 b‡f¤^i †_‡K 18 wW‡m¤^i)
ÂÂ GwU Avie/ga¨cÖvP¨/gymwjg †`‡k cÖ_g wek¦Kvc, Gwkqvi wØZxq
ÂÂ AskMÖnYKvix †gvU `j: 32wU (5wU Kb‡dWv‡ikb †_‡K)
ÂÂ †fby¨: 8wU (5wU kn‡i)
ÂÂ P¨vw¤úqbm: Av‡R©w›Ubv
ÂÂ ivbvm© Avc: d«vÝ
 Z…Zxq I PZz_© ¯’vb: †µv‡qwkqv I gi‡°v
ÂÂ †gvU g¨vP: 64wU
ÂÂ †gvU †Mvj: 172wU
 m‡e©v”P †Mvj: d«v‡Ýi wKwjqvb Ggev‡c (8 †Mvj)
ÂÂ †miv †L‡jvqvi: wjI‡bj †gwm
ÂÂ †miv ZiæY †L‡jvqvi: Gb‡Rv dvb©vb‡`R (Av‡R©w›Ubv)
 †miv †Mvj wKcvi: Bwgwjqv‡bv gvwU©‡bR
 †dqvi †cø cyi¯‹vi: Bsj¨vÛ
ÂÂ 26 Rb †cøqvi‡K †Lwj‡q †iKW© K‡i eªvwRj
 gv¯‹U: jv-Bf
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 39

ÂÂ ej: Avj winjv

ÂÂ †gvU cÖvBR gvwb: 440 wgwjqb Wjvi
ÂÂ P¨vw¤úqb `j: 42 wgwjqb Wjvi
 †`vnvi GKwU †÷wWqv‡gi bvg wQ‡jv 974 (Kb‡UBbvi w`‡q ˆZwi)

2026 wddv wek¦Kvc (23Zg)

ÂÂ 2026 mv‡j AbywôZ n‡e DËi Av‡gwiKv‡Z
ÂÂ 2026 mv‡ji wek¦Kv‡c Ask †b‡e 48wU †`k (6wU Kb‡dWv‡ikb)
ÂÂ †gvU †fby¨: 16wU (16wU kn‡i)
 g‡¯‹v‡Z AbywôZ 68Zg wddv Ks‡MÖ‡m gi‡°v‡K nvwi‡q BDbvB‡UW 2026 evBW wR‡Z hvq|

kxZKvjxb Awjw¤úK
ÂÂ AvqRb 24Zg
 Abyôvb ¯’j †eBwRs, wPb (4 †_‡K 22 †deªæqvwi 2022)
ÂÂ 15wU wWwmwcø‡b 109wU B‡f›U wQ‡jv
 16wU ¯^Y©mn †ewk cyi¯‹vi 37wU †c‡q‡Q biI‡q

AvBwmwm
 B›Uvib¨vkbvj wµ‡KU KvDwÝj cÖwZwôZ nq 1909 mv‡j
ÂÂ m`i`ßi: eZ©gvb `yevB, Avie AvwgivZ (2005 mvj †_‡K), Gi Av‡M jÛb
ÂÂ m`m¨ †`k: 108wU (c~Y© m`m¨: 12wU †`k)

wU20wek¦Kvc
ÂÂ cÖ_g wek¦Kvc nq 2007 mv‡j `wÿY Avwd«Kv‡Z
 beg Avmi n‡e Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiweqvb Øxccy‡Ä 2024 mv‡j
 Aóg Avmi n‡q‡Q 2022 mv‡j A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z
ÂÂ eZ©gvb P¨vw¤úqb Bsj¨vÛ
ÂÂ wek¦Kv‡c me‡P †ewk DB‡KU mvwKe Avj nvmv‡bi
ÂÂ wek¦Kv‡c me‡P †ewk ivb weivU †Kvnwj
 2023 mv‡j Iqvb‡W wek¦Kvc n‡”Q fvi‡Z|
40  wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U]

msMVb
2022 mv‡j AbywôZ m‡¤§jb-‰eVK
msMV‡bi bvg Avmi AbyôvbKvj Abyôvb¯’j
wgDwbL wbivcËv 58Zg 18-20 †deªæqvwi wgDwbL, Rvg©vwb
wegm‡UK 5g 30 gvP© Kj‡¤^v, kÖxjsKv
wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯’v Øv`k 12-16 Ryb †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ
weªKm PZz`©k 23 Ryb †eBwRs, wPb
KgbI‡qj` 26Zg 24-25 Ryb wKMvwj, iæqvÛv
wR 7 48Zg 26-28 Ryb evfvwiqv, Rvg©vwb
b¨v‡Uv 32Zg 28-30 Ryb gvw`ª`, †¯úb
B›Uvi‡cvj 90Zg 18-21 A‡±vei bqvw`wjø, fviZ
Avwmqvb 40 I 41 10-13 b‡f¤^i bg‡cb, K‡¤^vwWqv
c¨vwim wcm †dvivg 5g 11-12 b‡f¤^i c¨vwim, d«vÝ
A¨v‡cK 29Zg 16-19 b‡f¤^i e¨vsKK, _vBj¨vÛ

wR 20 m‡¤§jb
 2022 mv‡ji 15-16 b‡f¤^i evwj Øx‡c awb †`k¸‡jvi GB †Rv‡Ui m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq
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ÂÂ 2023 mv‡ji w_g: GK wek¦, GK cwievi, GK fwel¨Z

27Zg Rjevqy cwieZ©b welqK m‡¤§jb (Kc 27)

ÂÂ 2022 mv‡ji 6 †_‡K 22 b‡f¤^i AbywôZ nq wgk‡ii wmbvB‡qi kvg© Gj kv‡q‡L
ÂÂ †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb: mv‡gn ïwµ (wgk‡ii ciivóªgš¿x)
ÂÂ 190wU †`k Ask †bq
ÂÂ 92wU †`‡ki miKvi cÖavb Ask †bq
 GB m‡¤§j‡b evsjv‡`k †c‡q‡Q †jvKvj A¨vWvc‡Ukb P¨vw¤úqbm A¨vIqvW© (LACA)
 jvKv cyi¯‹vi †`q †Møvevj †m›Uvi Ab A¨vWvc‡Ukb (wRwmG)
 jm A¨vÛ W¨v‡gR dvÛ MV‡bi wm×všÍ nq
 2019 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 43 kZvsk Kve©b wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi wm×všÍ nq
 2020 mvj Qvov 1995 mvj †_‡K cÖwZeQi AbywôZ n‡”Q
 cieZ©x m‡¤§jb mshy³ Avie Avwgiv‡Zi `yevB‡q
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b¨v‡Uvi m¤úªmviY
ÂÂ GB mvgwiK †RvU cÖwZwôZ nq ¯^vqyhy×Kv‡j 1949 mv‡j ZrKvjxb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K †VKv‡Z
ÂÂ eªv‡mj‡m m`i`ßi GB msMVbwUi hvi eZ©gvb m`m¨ 31
ÂÂ b¨v‡Uvi kxl© cÖwZôvb b_© AvUjvw›UK KvDwÝj (GbGwm) hviv m`m¨c` Aby‡gv`b K‡i
 cÖwZôvKv‡j m`m¨ 12wU| cÖ_g m¤úªmviY N‡U 1952 mv‡j wMÖm I gymwjg †`k Zzi‡¯‹i †hvM`v‡bi ga¨
w`‡q|
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ÂÂ 32Zg m`m¨ wn‡m‡e hy³ n‡e myB‡Wb
 2022 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i BD‡µb Av‡e`b K‡i m`m¨ nIqvi Rb¨
 emwbqv I RwR©qv m¤¢ve¨ m`m¨| K‡mv‡fvI n‡Z Pvq m`m¨|

†k‡Ob I BD‡iv †Rv‡bi m¤úªmviY

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 †k‡Ob A‡ji †gvU m`m¨ GLb 27wU †`k
ÂÂ †k‡Ob Pzw³ nq 1985 mv‡j hv Kvh©Ki nq 1995 mv‡j
ÂÂ BD‡iv †Rv‡bi †`k 20wU, Z‡e Av‡iv QqwU †`k BD‡iv e¨envi K‡i
ÂÂ BD‡iv gy`ªv fvP©yqvwj Pvjy nq 1999 mv‡j Ges †bvU/K‡qb AvKv‡i 2002 mv‡j

AvBGgGd FY`vb bxwZ

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ÂÂ 5wU av‡ci ga¨ w`‡q AvBGgGd FY †`q
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4. Gw·wKDwUf †ev‡W©i Kv‡Q †jUvi Ae Bb‡U›U I mg‡SvZv ¯§viK Dc¯’vcb
5. Gw·wKDwUf †ev‡W©i Aby‡gv`b
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cyi¯‹vi-Rwic

GKv‡Wwg/A¯‹vi
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†bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi-2022

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ÂÂ GKwU cÖwZôvb n‡jv ivwkqvi †g‡gvwiqvj hviv gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvq KvR K‡i|
 Ab¨ cÖwZôvbwU n‡jv BD‡µ‡bi gvbevwaKvi msMVb †m›Uvi di wmwfj wjevwU©m|

`ybx©wZi aviYv m~PK

ÂÂ cÖKvk: 25 Rvbyqvwi 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: `wÿY my`vb
ÂÂ Kg: †WbgvK©
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 13Zg

MYZš¿ m~PK
 cÖKvk: 9 †deªæqvwi 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: biI‡q
 Kg: AvdMvwb¯Ívb
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 75Zg

evm‡hvM¨ kni m~PK

ÂÂ cÖKvk: 23 Ryb 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: wf‡qbv
 Kg: `v‡g¯‹
ÂÂ XvKv: 166Zg

myL cÖwZ‡e`b (RvwZmsN)

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ÂÂ cÖKvk: 18 gvP© 2022

ÂÂ kxl©: wdbj¨vÛ
 Kg: AvdMvwb¯Ívb
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 94Zg

kvwšÍ m~PK (AvBBwc)

ÂÂ cÖKvk: 15 Ryb 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: AvBmj¨vÛ
 Kg: AvdMvwb¯Ívb
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 94Zg

wewb‡qvM cÖwZ‡e`b
ÂÂ cÖKvk: 9 Ryb 2022 (Av¼UvW)
 wewb‡qvM cÖvw߇Z kxl© †`k Av‡gwiKv
 wewb‡qvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î kxl© †`k wPb
ÂÂ evsjv‡`‡k †ewk wewb‡qvM: Av‡gwiKv, wPb, wm½vcyi

†RÛvi ˆelg¨ cÖwZ‡e`b

ÂÂ cÖKvk: 13 RyjvB 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: AvBmj¨vÛ
 Kg: AvdMvwb¯Ívb
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 71Zg

AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZ‡e`b

ÂÂ kxl©: †WbgvK©
ÂÂ Kg: †f‡bRy‡qjv
ÂÂ evsjv‡`k: 127Zg

AvBbk„•Ljv cÖwZ‡e`b
 cÖKvk: 26 A‡±vei 2022
ÂÂ kxl©: wm½vcyi
 Kg: AvdMvwb¯Ívb
 evsjv‡`k: 79 (†¯‹vi)

(Rwic¸‡jvi cÖKvk mvj I ZvwiL gyL¯’ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| DwjøwLZ m~PK¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb fv‡jv
bq| ZvB cixÿvq Avm‡e bv e‡j a‡i †bqv hvq| Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Zv Rvbvi AvMÖn ˆZwi nq weavq D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †bwZevPK m~PK¸‡jv‡Z AvdMvwb¯Ívb kx‡l©)
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RvwZmsN w`em (UN Day)

Date International Day and week
04 Jan World Braille Day
24 Jan International Day of Education
27 Jan International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
01 Feb World Interfaith Harmony Week, 1-7 February
02 Feb World Wetlands Day
04 Feb International Day of Human Fraternity
06 Feb International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation
11 Feb International Day of Women and Girls in Science
12 Feb International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and when Conducive to Terrorism
13 Feb World Radio Day
20 Feb World Day of Social Justice
21 Feb International Mother Language Day
01 Mar Zero Discrimination Day
08 Mar International Women’s Day
15 Mar International Day to Combat Islamophobia
02 Apr International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
22 Apr International Mother Earth Day
17 May UN Global Road Safety Week, 17-23 May
21 May International Tea Day
22 May International Day for Biological Diversity
29 May International Day of UN Peacekeepers
31 May World No-Tobacco Day
01 Jun Global Day of Parents
05 Jun World Environment Day
07 Jun World Food Safety Day
08 Jun World Oceans Day
17 Jun World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
19 Jun International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict
11 Jul World Population Day
30 Jul International Day of Friendship
09 Aug International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples
07 Sep International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies
wek¦ivRbxwZi †mKvj GKvj [g~j eB‡qi nvjbvMv` Z‡_¨i AbjvBb mvwcø‡g›U] 45

08 Sep International Literacy Day

15 Sep International Day of Democracy
21 Sep International Day of Peace
05 Oct World Teachers’ Day
13 Oct International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction
16 Oct World Food Day
24 Oct United Nations Day
24 Oct Disarmament Week, 24-30 October
17 Nov World Philosophy Day
20 Nov World Children’s Day
01 Dec World AIDS Day
04 Dec International Day of Banks
09 Dec International Anti-Corruption Day
10 Dec Human Rights Day
20 Dec International Human Solidarity Day