UNIVERSITY OF RUHUNA

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Bachelor of Science (General) Degree (Level II)
MATHEMATICS
MAT 211β : Linear Algebra

Tutorial No: 7 Semester I, 2020

1. In R5 , let u = (−1, 0, 2, 3, −6), v = (1, 0, −2, −3, 6), w = (3, 7, −6, 2, −1) and z = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0).
Calculate,

a) u + v c) −7v e) 0u
b) 3u d) 3u + 7v f) −u + 2w − 5z.

2. Let u = (−2, −1, 4, 5), v = (3, 1, −5, 7) and w = (−6, 2, 1, 1). Evaluate each of the following
expressions:

a) k3u − 5v + wk c) kuk + k−2vk + k−3wk

b) k3uk − 5 kvk + kwk d) kku − vk wk .

3. Find the angle between a diagonal of cube and of its edges.

4. Let V be the set of positive real numbers and R be the field of real numbers. Let u and v
be any vectors in V , and let k be any scalar (a real number). Define two operations on V
as follows:

u + v = uv
ku = uk

a) Compute u + v and ku for u = 1, v = 1 and k = 2

b) Show that V is a vector space with above operations.
5. Let V = { (x1 , x2 )| x1 + x2 = 1, 0 6 x1 6 1, 0 6 x2 6 1 } and R be the field of real
numbers. Define two operations on V as follows:
 
x1 + y1 x2 + y2
(x1 , x2 ) + (y1 , y2 ) = , ∀ (x1 , x2 ), (y1 , y2 ) ∈ V
2 2
r.(x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , x2 ) ∀ (x1 , x2 ) ∈ V, r ∈ R.

a) Are the closure axioms satisfied?

b) Is V a real vector space?

6. Let V = P2 , the set of polynomials of degree less than or equals to 2 over R. Show
that V forms a vector space over R under the usual addition and scalar multiplication of
polynomials.

7. a) Show that in the space R3 the vectors x = (1, 1, 0), y = (0, 1, 2) and z = (3, 1, −4) are
linearly dependent by finding scalars α and β such that αx + βy + z = 0.
b) Consider the vectors u = (1, 2, −1) and v = (6, 4, 2) in R3 , show that w = (9, 2, 7) is
a linear combination of u and v and that z = (4, −1, 8) is not a linear combination of
u and v.

8. a) Show that the vectors v1 = (1, 2, 1), v2 = (2, 9, 0), v3 = (3, 3, 4) form a basis for R3 .
b) Show that the matrices,

       
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
M1 = , M2 = , M3 = , M4 =
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

form a basis for vector space M22 (R) of 2 × 2 matrices over R.

9. a) Let F = R, V = R3 and U = { (x, y, x + y) | x, y ∈ R }.

Show that U is a subspace of V .
b) Let P be a plane through the origin be defined by
 
x
P = {y  |x + y + z = 0}.
z

Show that P is a subspace of R3 .

“But in my opinion, all things in nature occur mathematically.” — Rene Decartes