SOLVED EXAMPLES

Composition and Resolution of the Ex.4 Two f orces P and Q are such that
Examples
based on Forces P : Q = 3 : 4. If their resultant is inclined at
an angle 30° to P, then angle between R and
Ex.1 If the resultant of two forces 2P and 2 P is Q is-

10 P, then the angle between them will be-  1 2

(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1  
3 3

(A)  (B) (C) 60° (D) None of these
2
Sol. [B]
 
(C) (D) If  is the angle between R and Q, then
3 4 resolving R along P and Q, we get
Sol. [D]
R sin  R sin 30
( 10 P)2 = (2P)2+( 2 P)2+2(2P)( 2 P)cos  P =
sin(  30)
and Q =
sin(  30)
1 
 cos  =   = P sin 30
2 4  =
Q sin 

Ex.2 If  is the angle between two forces 3N and P 3

But = (given)
7N, and 5N is their resultant, then  is- Q 4

  11    11  3 1/ 2 2 2
(A) cos–1   (B) sin–1  
 =  sin  =   = sin–1  
 14   14  4 sin  3 3

 11 
(C) cos–1   (D) None of these Ex.5 If forces of 12, 5 and 13 units weight balance
 14 
at a point, two of them are inclined at
Sol. [A] (A) 30° (B) 45°
Using R2= P2 +Q2 + 2PQ cos  (C) 60° (D) 90°
 25 = 9 + 49 + 2.3. 7 cos  Sol. [D]
  11  Since (13)2 = (12)2 + (5)2, forces of 12 units
11
 cos  =  a = cos–1   and 5 units are perpendicular.
14  14 
Ex.6 (i) The resultant of P and Q is R. If Q is
Ex.3 If the resultant of two equal forces inclined at doubled, R is also doubled, and if Q is
an angle 2 is twice as great as when they rev ersed, R is again doubled. Then
are inclined at an angle 2, then- P2 : Q 2 : R2 given by
(A) cos  = 2 cos  (A) 2 : 2 : 3 (B) 3: 2 : 2
(B) 2 cos  = cos  (C) 2 : 3 : 2 (D) 2: 3: 1
(C) 2 sin  = sin  (ii) The resultant of two forces P and Q is R.
(D) sin  = 2 sin  If Q is doubled, R is doubled and if Q is
Sol. [A] reversed, R is again doubled. If the ratio
Let two forces be P, P P2 : Q 2 : R2 = 2 : 3 : x, then x is
 resultant in the two cases are (A) 5 (B) 4
2P cos , 2P cos  (C) 3 (D) 2
 by given condition Sol. [C, D]
2P cos  = 2. 2P cos  (i) We have R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos ..(1)
 cos  = 2 cos  4R2 = P2 + 4Q2 + 4PQ cos  ..(2)
 4R2 = P2 + Q 2 –2PQ cos  ..(3) Ex.9 Two forces P and Q act at a point and are
(1) + (3) gives 2P2 + 2Q2 –5R2 = 0 ..(4) such that if the direction of one is reversed,
2(1) – (2) gives P2 –2Q2 + 2R2 = 0 ..(5) the resultant is turned through a right angle.
Then-
Solving (4) and (5),
(A) P = 2Q (B) 2P = Q
P2 Q2 R2 (C) P = Q (D) None of these
= =
6 9 6 Sol. [C]
 P2 : Q 2 : R2 as 2 : 3 : 2
Let  be the angle between P and Q. If the
(ii) Proceed as above. resultant makes an angle  with P, then
Ex.7 Two forces P + Q, P – Q inclined at 120° Q sin 
with each other are such that their resultant tan  = P  Q cos  ...(1)
makes an angle 30° with the bisector then
when P  – P,    + 90°
P + Q : P – Q is
(A) 3 : 1 (B) 1 : 1 Q sin 
 tan ( + 90°) =  P  Q cos 
(C) 2 : 1 (D) 4 : 1
Sol. [C] Q sin 
 – cot  =  (P  Q cos  )
From OAC, by sine formula,
PQ PQ PQ 2 Multiplying (1) and (2),
= sin 30  =
sin 90 P–Q 1 Q 2 sin2 
– 1 =
 (P2  Q 2 cos 2  )
 P2 = Q 2  P = Q

Ex.10 Forces of magnitudes 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, 2 2 N

act respectively along the sides AB, BC, CD,
DA and the diagonal AC of the square ABCD.
The resultant is
Ex.8 The resultant of two forces P and Q is at (A) a force of magnitude 12 N
right angle to P, the resultant of P and Q, (B) zero
acting at the same angle is at right angle to (C) a couple of moment 5a
Q.Then, P is-
(a being the side of the square)
(A) A.M. between Q and Q
(D) None of these
(B) G.M. between Q and Q
Sol. [C]
(C) H.M. between Q and Q
Resolving along AB and AD, we have,
(D) None of these
X = 1 cos 0 + 2cos 90° + 2 2 cos 45°
Sol. [B]
– 3 cos 0 – 4 cos 90° = 0
Let  P,  Q = 
y
Q sin  3N
 tan 90°=  P + Q cos  = 0 D C
P  Q cos 
P 2N
 cos  = – ... (1) 4N
Q 2 2N
P sin  45°
Also, tan 90°= Q  P cos  A x
1N B
 Q + P cos  = 0 Y = 1 sin 0 + 2sin 90° + 2 2 sin45° –3 sin 0
Q – 4 sin 90° = 0
 cos  = – ... (2)
P G = algebraic sum of moments of forces
P Q about A
 From (1) and (2), =–  P2 = QQ = 2. + 3 = 5  0
Q P
 P is G.M.between Q and Q  Forces form a couple of moment 5.
   
Ex.11 Two fine light strings support a weight W kg. Ex.13 If forces P , Q , R acting at a point can be
and are inclined to the vertical at angles 30° represented by the sides of a  taken in
and 60°. Then, tension in the strings, are order, then-
       
1 3 (A) P + Q + R = 0 (B) P – Q + R = 0
(A) 3 W,, W (B) W, W        
2 2 (C) P + Q – R = 0 (D) P – Q – R = 0
3 1 Sol. [A]
(C) W,, W (D) None of these
2 2 By triangle law, P + Q + R = 0
Sol. [C]
By Lami's theorem, Ex.14 ABC is a triangle. Forces P , Q , R acting
along I A, I B and I C respectiv ely are
T1 T2 W equilibrium, where I is the incentre of ABC.
= = Then P : Q : R is
sin 120  sin 150  sin 90
A B C
(A) cos : cos : cos
T1 30° 60° 2 2 2
T2
(B) cos A : cos B : cos C
150°
O 120° (C) sin A : sin B : sin C
A B C
(D) sin : sin : sin
2 2 2
Sol. [A]
W kg Applying Lami's theorem,
T1 T2 W P Q R
 = = = =
3 1/ 2 1 B  C A C
sin   A B
sin    sin  
2  2   2   2 
3 1 A B C
 T1 = W kg, T2 = W kg.  P: Q: R = cos : cos : cos
2 2 2 2 2
A
Ex.12 Forces of magnitudes 5, 10, 15 and 20 act
on a particle in the directions of North, South, P
East and West respectively. The magnitude
of their resultant, is R
Q
(A) 25 2 (B) 10 B/2 C/2
B C
(C) 5 2 (D) 15 2  – ((B + C)/2)
Sol. [C]
R cos  = 15 cos 0 + 5 cos 90° + 20 cos 180° Ex.15 The resultant R of two forces acting on a
+ 10 cos 270° = –5 ..(1) particle is at right angles to one of them and
its magnitude is one third of the other force.
5 The ratio of larger force to smaller one is-
R (A) 3 : 2 (B) 3 : 2 2
(C) 2 : 1 (D) 3 : 2

20 O 15 Sol. [B]
F22
R2 + F12 = F22  +F 12 = F22
9
10 8 2
 F12 = F
R sin  = 15 sin 0 + 5 sin 90° + 20 sin 180° 9 2
+ 10 sin 270° = –5 ..(2) F1 2 2
F = F2:F 1= 3:2 2
 R2 = 50  R = 5 2 2 3
Ex.16 The greatest weight which can be supported Sol. [D]
by two light strings making angles 60° and By Lami's theorem at P,
45° with the vertical, it being known that either
string will break under a tension of W kg. wt. R F mg
is = =
sin 90 sin(180   ) sin(90  )
3 1
(A) W kg. wt.  F = mg tan 
6
3 1 Examples
(B) W kg. wt. based on Parallel Forces
6
3 2
(C) W kg. wt. Ex.18 P and Q are like parallel forces. If P is moved
6
parallel to itself through a distance x, then
(D) None of these the resultant of P and Q moves through a
Sol. [A] distance
Let X be the greatest weight that can be Px Px
suspended. (A) (B)
PQ PQ
Px
A B (C) (D) None of these
P  2Q
Sol. [A]
T1 60° 45° T2

C
X

By Lami's theorem, Initially,

T1 T2
= = P Q P Q P. AB
sin(180  45) sin(180  60) = =  CB = P  Q ...(1)
CB AC AB
X
sin( 60  45) When P is shifted to A, and if the resultant
T1 sin 45 is shifted to C, then
 = < 1  T1<T 2
T2 sin 60 P Q P Q P. AB
= = A B  CB = P  Q ...(2)
 T 2 will break first. CB AC

When BC is about to break, T2 = W. Hence, the distance through which the

resultant shifts
W X
 = = CC = CB –CB
sin 60 sin (60  45)
sin (60  45). W 3 1 P Px
X = = W kg. wt. = P  Q (AB – AB) = P  Q
sin 60 6
Ex.19 Two like parallel forces 5N and 15 N act on
Ex.17 A horizontal force F is applied to a small a light rod at the points A and B respectively
object P of mass m on a smooth plane
6 m apart. The resultant force and the
inclined the horizon at an angle . If F is just
distance of its point of application from the
enough to keep P in equilibrium, then the
magnitude of F is point A are
(A) mg cos2  (B) mg sin2  (A) 10N ; 4.5 m (B) 60 N; 4.5 m
(C) mg cos  (D) mg tan  (C) 20 N; 1.5 m (D) 10N; 1.5 m
Sol. [B] Sol. [C]
Magnitude of resultant = (15 + 45)N = 60 N To avoid F, we take moments about B.

15 15 60
Also, = =
CB AC 6
W.AB
3  W. AB = R. x  R =
 AC = × 6 = 4.5 m x
4
1
Ex.20 A and B are two like parallel forces. A couple R is proportional to
of moment H lies in the plane of A and B and x
is contained with them. The resultant of A Examples
and B after combining is displaced through a based on Moments & Couples
distance 
H H Ex.23 The moment of a force F about a point is
(A) (B)   
2( A  B) A B (A) | F | (B) | r  F |
2H H    
(C) (D) r F r F
A B A B (C)  (D) 
Sol. [D] |F| |r |
A1 = B2, H = (1 + 2)R Sol. [B]
 
Vector moment = r × F
 
 Moment = | r × F |

Ex.24 Three forces P, Q, R act along the sides BC,

Let shif t distance = x;(A + R) (  1 – x) CA, AB of a ABC taken in order. If their
H resultant passes through the centre of ABC,
= (B – R) (2+ x)  x =
A B then
Ex.21 Like parallel forces act at the vertices A, B
and C of a triangle and are proportional to P Q R
(A) + + = 0
the lengths BC, CA and AB respectively. The a b c
centre of the force is at the
(B) P cos A + Q cos B + R cos C = 0
(A) centroid (B) circum-centre
(C) P + Q + R = 0
(C) in-centre (D) None of these
(D) aP + bQ + cR = 0
Sol. [C]
Since the forces act at vertices A, C of a
triangle and are proportional to the lengths of Sol. [C]
BC, CA and AB respectively, the centre of Since distances of the incentre from the sides
forces is at the incentre of the triangle. are equal
 P + Q + R = 0
Ex.22 A blacksmith carries a hammer on his
shoulder and holds it at the other end of its Ex.25 A force 5 units acts along the line
light handle in his hand. If he changes the x3 y4
point of support of the hand at the shoulder = . The moment of the force about
3 1
and if x is the distance between his hand the point (4, 1) along x-axis is-
and the point of support, then the pressure
on his shoulder is proportional to (A) zero (B) 5 5
(A) x (B) x2 (C) – 5 (D) – 5
(C) 1/x (D) 1/x2
Sol. [D]
 R = X 2  Y 2 = 58
x3 y4 G = sum of moments of forces about O
=  x+2y – 11 = 0 ...(1)
3 1
 5 
Distance of (4, 1) from (1) is = 4 × OL + 3 2 × 0 = 4   = 10 2
 2
4.1  2.1  11  Line of action of resultant is xY – yX = G
= – 5
12  22
or 2 2 x – 5 2 y = 10 2
Moment of the force = ( 5 ) (– 5 ) = –5
 2x – 5y –10 = 0
 Moment of resultant about (2, 2)
Ex.26 The resultant of the forces 4, 3, 4 and 3 units
acting along the sides AB, BC, CD, DA of a | 2 (2)  5 (2)  10 |
square ABCD of side 'a' respectively, is = 58 . = 16 2
4  25
(A) a force 5 2 through the centre of the
Examples
square based on Speed, Velocity & Acceleration
(B) a couple of moment 7a
(C) a null force Ex.28 A cyclist covers a distance of 50 km. It travels
(D) None of these the first 10 km at 20 km/hr, the second
10 km in 1 hour, the next 24 km at 8 km/hr
Sol. [B]
and the last 6 km at 12 km/hr. Then, the
Forces 4, 4 along AB and CD form a couple average speed is
of moment 4a.
(A) 11 km/hr (B) 10 km/hr
(C) 8 km/hr (D) None of these
Sol. [B]
10 1
Time to cover first 10 km = hr = hr..
20 2
Similarly, time to cover second, third and
f ourth distances are respectiv ely
Likewise forces 3, 3 along DA and BC form
a couple of moment 3a, 24 6
1 hr, hr, hr..
8 12
 Resultant is a couple of moment
4a + 3a = 7a 1
i.e. 1 hr, 3 hrs., hr..
2
Ex.27 Two forces of magnitude 3 2 and 4 act along 1 1
the lines y = 0 and x – y = 5 in the direction Total time of journey=  2  1  3  2  hrs= 5 hrs.
 
of increasing x, then the moment of the
Total distance = 50 km
resultant about (2, 2), is
50
(A) 16 2 (B) 8 2  average speed = = 10 km/hr..
5
Ex.29 Resultant velocity of two velocities 30 km/hr
(C) 6 3 (D) None of these
and 60 km/hr making an angle 60° with each
Sol. [A] other, is
Resolving the forces, X = 3 2 + 4 cos 45° = 5 2 (A) 90 km/hr (B) 30 km/hr
(C) 30 7 (D) none of these
Y = 4 sin 45° = 2 2
Sol. [C]
V2 = u2 + v 2 + 2uv cos 
1
= (30)2 + (60)2 + 2(30) (60) × = 6300
2 2
 V = 30 7 units
Ex.30 The distance x metres covered by a particle Also, when t = 2, x = 3
moving along a straight line in t seconds is
given by x = 2t3 – 9t2 + 12t + 6. Find when 16 8 4 17
 3 = + + +4 +c2  c2 = –
its acceleration is zero and the velocity at 12 6 2 3
that instant-
t 4 t3 t 2 17
2 2 3 3  x = + + +2t –
(A) sec, m/sec (B) sec, m/sec 12 6 2 3
3 3 2 2
5 3 Ex.32 A particle moves towards from a point A to a
(C) sec, m/sec (D) None of these
3 2 point B at the rate of 4 km/hr and then
Sol. [B] towards north from B to C at the rate of
x = 2t3 –9t 2 + 12t + 6 5 km/hr. If AB = 12 km and BC = 5 km, then
dx the average speed for its journey from A to C
v = = 6t 2 –18t + 12 and the resultant average velocity direct from
dt
dv A to C are respectively-
a= = 12t –18
dt 17 13
(A) km/h and km/h
18 3 4 4
 a = 0  t = =
12 2 13 17
2
(B) km/h and km/h
3 3 3 4 4
v 3
= 6   – 18   + 12= m/sec.
t
2 2 17 13
2     2 (C) km/h and km/h
9 9
Ex.31 The acceleration of a particle moving along a 13 17
straight line after t sec is t2 + t + 2m/sec2. (D) km/h and km/h
9 9
If the particle starts with initial velocity of Sol. [A]
2 m/sec. and covers a distance of 3m in
2 secs, then the distance covered in t 17 km 17
seconds is Average speed = = km/h
 12 5  4
   h
t 4 t3 t 2 17  4 5
(A) + + –2t –
12 6 2 3
displacement 5 2  12 2
t 4 t3 t2 17 Average velocity = total time
=
(B) + + + 2t + 4
12 6 2 3
13
t 4 t3 t 2 17 = km/h.
(C) + + +3t – 4
12 6 2 3
1
t 4 t3 t2 17 Ex.33 A v elocity m/s is resolv ed into two
(D) + + +2t – 4
12 6 2 3 components along OA and OB making angles
Sol. [D] 30° and45°respectively with the given velocity.
d2 x Then the component along OB is
= t2 + t + 1 1
dt 2 (A) m/s
8
dx 1 3 t 2 1
Integrating, = t + + t + c1 (B) ( 3 –1)m/s
dt 3 2 4
Since initial velocity is 2 m/sec. 1
(C) m/s
 2= c1 4
1
dx 1 3 1 2 (D) ( 6 – 2 )m/s
 = t + t + t + 2 8
dt 3 2 Sol. [D]
1
t 4 t3 t 2 q cos 45° + p cos 30° =
 x = + + + 2t + c2 4
12 6 2 q sin 45° = p sin 30°
 breadth of river
= velocity perpendicular to the current

1
= hrs.
6
 Distance moved down the stream
From (1) and (2), we get 1
= × 6 = 1 kms.
1 6
q= ( 6 – 2 )m/s
8
Alternatively. Ex.36 A man who can swim at the rate of 2 km/hr
crosses a river to exactly opposite point on
v sin 30 1
q= = ( 6 – 2 )m/s the opposite bank by swimming in a direction
sin ( 45  30) 8 of 120° to the flow of the water in the river.
Ex.34 A man wishes to go straight across a river. The velocity of the water current in km/hr is
If he can row his boat with three times the (A) 1 (B) 2
velocity of the current, the inclination to the (C) 1/2 (D) 3/2
current he must keep the boat pointed is- Sol. [A]
 1 1 Man running with velocity 2 km/hr. making
(A) cos–1    (B) cos–1
 3 3 an angle of 120° to OA, where OA represents
1 the direction of flow of water.
(C) tan–1 (D) None of these
3
Sol. [A]
Let u be the velocity and 3u that of boat.
Since the man wishes to move perpendicular to
the bank, the resultant of u and 3u is along AB.

If velocity of water is 4 km/hr. represented by

OA, the resultant velocity is represented by OC.
OA AC u 2
InOAC, =  = u = 1
sin 30 sin 90 1/2 1

Let the boat be pointed along AC. Ex.37 Two steamers whose velocities are u and v
 Algebraic sum of resolved parts along the are steaming on straight lines due south and
current = 0 north respectively. Their smoke tracks are
 3u cos (180° – ) – u = 0 observed to make angles of 45° each with
 1 their corners on the westerly side. Then the
  = cos–1    speed of the wind and the direction in which
 3
it is blowing are given by -
Ex.35 A boat is rowed with a velocity of 6 km/hr
uv
across a river in a direction perpendicular to (A) V = u  v ,  = tan–1  
the current. If the velocity of current is uv
6 km/hr and width of river is 1 km, then the
distance covered by the boat down the river 1 2 uv
to reach the opposite bank is- (B) V = (u  v 2 ) ,  = sin–1  
2 uv
(A) 3 km (B) 6 km
(C) 2 km (D) 1 km 1 2 uv
Sol. [D] (C) V = (u  v 2 ) ,  = tan–1  
2 uv
Time taken by the boat to reach the opposite
bank (D) None of these
Sol. [C] Ex.39 A car moving with an acceleration 20 m/sec2
Let the wind be blowing with velocity V starts at rest from a distance 40 m behind
making an angle ° east of north. Since first the train moving with a uniform speed of
steamer is moving due south and its smoke 30 m/sec. The car will over take the train in-
possesses two velocities u along ON and (A) 4 sec (B) 6 sec
V along OA. As the resultant makes an angle (C) 8 sec (D) 10 sec
of 45° with ON, Sol. [A]
Let the car overtake the train in t secs.
1
Distance covered in t secs = (20)t 2
2
= 10t2 ...(1) ( u = 0)
Distance covered by train in t secs
S = 30t
After t seconds, S = 40 + S
 10t 2 = 40 + 30t
V sin   t = 4 or –1
tan 45°= Rejecting t = –1, we get t = 4 secs.
u  V cos 

 u = V(sin  + cos ) ...(1) Ex.40 A particle starting from rest moves with
Similarly for second steamer, constant acceleration along a straight line
such that at times t1, t2, t3 the velocities
v = V (sin  – cos ) ...(2)
attained are in A.P. Then, the distances
 From (1) and (2), we get attained at time t1, t2, t 3 are in
u + v = 2V sin , (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
u – v = 2V cos  (C) H.P. (D) None of these
 4V2 = (u + v)2 + (u – v)2 Sol. [D]
Here u = 0
1 2 uv
V = (u  v 2 ) and tan  =  Velocities attained as t1, t2, t3 are given by
2 uv
v 1 = ft1, v 2= ft 2, v 3= ft 3
Rectilinear Motion with Uniform Since v 1, v 2, v 3 are in A.P.
Examples
based on Acceleration  2v 1 = v 1 + v 3  2t 2 = t1+ t3 ...(1)
distances covered in t1, t2, t3 are
Ex.38 A train is moving at the rate of 60 m/sec and
1 2 1 1
is brought to rest in 3 minutes with uniform S1 = ft1 , S2= ft 22, S3 = ft32
retardation. The distance travelled by the train 2 2 2
before coming to rest is 2
t t 
 2S2 = f  1 3  [By (1)]
(A) 5000 m (B) 5400 m  2 
(C) 6 km (D) None of these 1
Sol. [B] = f(t 2 + t32 + 2t1t3)
4 1
Let 'a' be the uniform acceleration
f  2S1 2S 3 2S1 2S3 
Using v = u + ft =  2
4  f 
1  f f f
 0 = 60 + 180f  f = – m/sec2 1
3 = (S1 + S3 + 2 S1S 3 )
Using v 2 – u2 = 2fs 2
 S1, S2, S3 are neither in A.P., nor in G.P.
 1
02 – (60)2 = 2    s  s = 5400 m or H.P.
 3
Ex.41 A particle starts from rest and move with For train B, s = 50t – 9t2
constant acceleration, then the ratio of the Since total distance = 100 km
increase in the K.E. in nth and (n + 1)th  50t + 9t2 + 50t –9t2 = 100
second, is
 t = 1
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2n –1 : 2n + 1
Distance covered by A is 50 + 9 = 59km.
(C) n –1 : n + 1 (D) None of these
Sol. [B] Ex.44 A lizard, at an initial distance of 21 cm behind
an insect, mov es f rom rest with an
Increase in K.E. in n th sec
acceleration of 2 cm/s2 and pursues the
Increase in K.E. in (n  1) th sec insect which is crawling uniformly along a
W . D. against force in n th sec straight line at a speed of 20 cm/s. Then the
= lizard will catch the insect after
W.D. against force in (n  1) th sec
(A) 21s (B) 24s
 1  (C) 20s (D) 1s
P  0  f ( 2n  1) 
 2  2n  1 Sol. [A]
= =
 1  2n  1
P   0  f ( 2 ( n  1)  1)  1
 2  0. t + . (2) t 2 = 20 × t + 21
2
Ex.42 A body is moving in a straight line with  t2 – 20t –21 = 0  t = 21
uniform acceleration. It covers distances of
10 m and 12 m in the third and fourth seconds Ex.45 Two points A and B move from rest along a
respectively. The initial velocity of the body straight line with constant acceleration f and
will be f  respectively. If A takes m sec. more than
(A) 2 m/sec (B) 3 m/sec. B and describes 'n' units more than B in
(C) 4 m/sec. (D) 5 m/sec acquiring the same speed then
Sol. [D] 1
(A) (f + f)m = ff n2
1 2
Snth = u + f(2n –1) 1
2
(B) (f – f)n = ff m 2
1 2
 S3rd = u + f(5) = 10 (C) (f – f )m 2 = ff n
2
1 (D) (f + f )m 2 = ff n
S4th = u + f(7) = 12 Sol. [B]
2
Solving, we get u = 5 m/sec. mf
Here f t = f(t + m)  t = ...(1)
f  f
Ex.43 Two trains A and B 100 km apart are travelling
towards each other with starting speeds of 1 2 1
and also, f  t + n = f(t + m)2 ...(2)
50 km/hour f or both. The train A is 2 2
accelerating at 18 km/hr 2 and B is n 1  mf 
deaccelerating at 18 km/hr2. The distance Using (1) and (2), = f  ;
m 2  f  f 
where the engines cross each other from the
1 2
initial position of A is (f  –f)n = m ff 
2
(A) 50 km (B) 68 km
(C) 32 km (D) 59 km Motion in a Straight Line Under
Examples
Sol. [D] based on Gravity
Let the engines cross each other after
t secs. Ex.46 A particle is thrown vertically upwards with a
1 2 velocity of 490 cm/sec. It will retain to this
For train A, u = 50, f = 18, using s = ut + ftt position after-
2
(A) 1 seconds (B) 0.5 seconds
1 (C) 2 seconds (D) None of these
we get s = 50t + .18t2 = 50t + 9t2,
2
Sol. [A] Sol. [A]
Acceleration of both the balls relative to lift is
1 2
Using h = vt – gt , with h = 0, we get g – (–f) = g + f downwards and their initial
2
velocities relative to the lift are zero. Let
1 2  gt  s1 be the relative distance of the first ball
vt – gt  t  v   = 0 and s2 the distance of the second ball relative
2  2
to the lift after 2 seconds.
gt  The required distance between the balls
v = ( t = 0 corresponds to the
2
1 1
starting position) = s1–s2= (g + f)62 – (g + f). 22
2 2
2v 2 ( 490 )  1 
 t= = = 1 sec. = 16 (g + f)  Using s  gt 2 
g 980  2 

Ex.47 A parachute weighing 1 kg falling with uniform Ex.50 A stone is dropped from a certain height
acceleration from rest describes 16 m in first which can reach the ground in 5 sec. If the
4 secs. The resultant pressure of air on the stone is stopped after 3 sec. of its fall and
parachute is then allowed to fall again, then the time taken
(A) 8.7 N (B) 7.8 N by the stone to reach the ground for the
remaining distance is
(C) 9.8 N (D) None of these
(A) 2 sec. (B) 3 sec.
Sol. [B]
(C) 4 sec. (D) None of these
u = 0, s = 16, t = 4 secs.
Sol. [C]
1 2
 s = ut + ft  f = 2 m/sec2 Let h be the height, t = 5 sec.
2
Let R be the air pressure, 1 2 1
 h= gt = (9.8) (25) = 122.5 m
 mg – R = mf  R = 1(9.8 – 2) = 7.8 N 2 2
1
Distance covered in 3 secs = (9.8) (3)2 = 44.1 m
Ex.48 After a ball has been falling under gravity for 2
Remaining distance = 122.5 – 44.1= 78.4 m
5 seconds, it passes through a pane of glass
and looses half of its velocity, and now If t seconds is the required time, then
reaches the ground in 1 second. The height 1 2 784
of the glass above the ground is 78.4 = 0 + gt  t2 = = 16
2 49
(A) 2900 cm (B) 2543 cm  t = 4 sec.
(C) 2943 cm (D) None of these
Ex.51 The particles A and B are dropped from the
Sol. [C]
heights of 5m and 20m respectively. Then,
v = gt = 5g the ratio of time taken by A to that taken by
After passing through the glass pane, its B, to reach the ground, is-
5g (A) 1 : 4 (B) 2 : 1
velocity becomes
2 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 1 : 1
1 2 5g 1 Sol. [C]
 h = ut + gt = .1 + g.12 = 3g
2 2 2
= 3(981) = 2943 cm 1 1 t 1
5= gt12, 20 = gt 22  1 =
2 2 t2 2
Ex.49 From a balloon rising vertically with uniform Ex.52 AB is the vertical diameter of a circle and CD
acceleration f, a ball is dropped, 4 seconds is another diameter making an angle of 60°
after this another ball is dropped from the with AB, then the ratio of the time taken by
balloon. The distance between the two balls, a particle to slide along AB to the time taken
2 seconds after the second ball, is dropped is by it to slide along CD is
(A) 16 (g + f) (B) 10 (g + f) (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
(C) 8 (g + f) (D) None of these (C) 1 : 2 (D) 31/4
: 21/2
Sol. [C] 1
h1 = 10v – g × 102 ...(1)
1 2
1 1 t
d = gt 2 = g cos 60°. t22  1 = 1
2 1 2 t2 2 & h2 = 4v+8×15.7+(v + 62.8) × 6 – g × 62...(2)
2
( The first stone is in motion for 10 seconds
and the second for 6 seconds. Also, the
second stone starts from a point 4v + 8 ×15.7m
above the origin).
 (2) – (1) gives
60° 1
h2 – h1 = 8 × 15.7 + 62.8 × 6 – g (62 –102)
2
= 125.6 + 376.8 + 4.9 × 64

Ex.53 The particles fall from a height h in time Examples

based on Law of Motion
t upon a fixed horizontal plane and reaches
the maximum height h in time t. Then
Ex.55 A bullet of mass 15 g fired into a wall
(A) t = et  (B) t  = et penetrates through a distance of 10 cm into
(C) tt = e (D) None of these it. If the force exerted by the wall is 0.3 N,
Sol. [B] then the velocity with which the bullet is fired,
is
1 2 2h
v 2 = 2gh, h= gt  t = g (A) 1 m/sec. (B) 2m/sec.
2
(C) 2.5 m/sec. (D) 3 m/sec.
ev e 2gh Sol. [B]
 t = g = = et
g Using P = mf, we get 0.3 × 105 = 15 f
Ex.54 A balloon is rising vertically upwards with  f = 2 × 103 cm/sec2
uniform acceleration 15.7 m/sec2. A stone is Also v = 0, s = 10 cm
dropped from it. After 4 seconds, another  02 = u2 – 2fs  u = 200 cm/sec
stone is dropped from it. The distance
= 2 m/sec.
between the two stones 6 seconds after the
second stone is dropped is Ex.56 A train weighing W tons is moving with an
(A) 616 m (B) 716 m acceleration f ft/sec2. When a carriage of
(C) 816 m (D) 916 m weight w tons is suddenly detached from it.
Sol. [C] Then, the change in the acceleration of the
train is
Let v be the velocity () of the balloon when
the first stone is dropped. Wf W
(A) ft/sec2 (B) ft/sec2
 The velocity () of the balloon when the W w W w
second stone is dropped will be
v + 4 × 15. 7 m/sec. wf w
(C) ft/sec2 (D) ft/sec2
( acc.= 15.7 m/ W w W w
sec2) Sol. [C]
 distance mov ed by the balloon in Mass of train = W × 2240 lbs.
4 seconds (before second stone is dropped)  Pull of engine = W × 2240 × f lbs.
1 When a carriage of mass W tons is detached,
= 4v + (15.7) 42 = 4v + 8 × 15.7 m Mass of the train = (W – w) tons
2
If the point of dropping the first stone is taken = (W – w) × 2240
as the origin, upward direction as positive lbs.
direction of motion, then the heights h1 and Since, pull remains the same, let f 1 be the
h2 of the two stones (above the origin) are new acceleration.
given by
  (W – w) × 2240 × f 1 = W × 2240 × f 1 1
Mass = ton = ×2240 = 1120 lbs
Wf 2 2
 f1 = ft /sec2 Force =1120 × 1 poundals (  p = mf)
W w
 Change in acceleration = f 1 – f 1120
= = 35 lbs wt.
Wf wf 32
= – f =
W w W w Ex.60 A load W is to be raised by a rope from rest
Ex.57 A balloon of mass M ascends with a uniform to rest through a height h. The greatest
tension which the rope can bear in nW. The
acceleration f. If a certain part of the balloon
least time in which the ascent can be made
is detached in such a way that the is
acceleration is doubled, then the mass
detached is............... (A) 2(n  1) g / h (B) 2(n  1) h / g
Mf 2Mf 2nh
(A) (B) (C) 2ng /(n  1) h (D)
g f 2f  g (n  1) h
Mf Sol. [D]
(C) (D) None of these
2f  g Velocity time graph is
Sol. [C] v
If R is the upward thrust, then
R = M(g + f) ...(1) f g
V
When mass m is detached, then  
R = (M – m) (g + 2f) ...(2) O t1 t2 t
 From (1) and (2), The time is least if the motion is first of
Mf maximum acceleration and then with
M(g + f) = (M – m) (g + 2f)  m = 2f  g maximum retardation.
Force causing motion in upward direction
Ex.58 A cricket ball of mass 200 grams moving = tension – weight = n Wg –Wg
with a velocity of 20 metres/sec. is brought If f is the acceleration produced, then
to rest by a player in 0.1 sec. The average
n Wg –Wg = Wf  f = (n –1)g ...(1)
force applied by the player is
If t1, t2 are timings of two stages, then
(A) 4 × 103 dynes (B) 4 × 104 dynes
(C) 4 × 105 dynes (D) 4 × 106 dynes V
t1 = (n  1) g ...(2)
Sol. [D]
u = 20 m/sec, v = 0, t = 0.1 sec. V
Using v = u + ft  f = – 200 m/sec 2 and t2= ...(3)
g
retardation = 200 m/sec 2 Distance moved = area under velocity time
= 200 × 100 cm/sec2 graph
P = mf = 200 × 200 × 100 = 4 × 106 dynes. 1
h = V(t1 + t2) ...(4)
2
Ex.59 A railway engine weighing half a ton is pulled On calculations, we have
by a constant force and travels 50 ft. from
2nh
rest in 10 seconds. Then the magnitude of t1+t 2 =
the force is (n  1)g
(A) 30 lbs wt. (B) 35 lbs wt.
Ex.61 A bullet of mass 20 gm penetrates a board
(C) 3.5 lbs wt. (D) 3 lbs wt. of thickness 10 cm, and mass 1 kg at rest.
Sol. [B] If the board is free to move, the thickness to
1 2
which the bullet will penetrate is
Using s = ut + ft , 40 41
2 (A) 9 cm (B) 9 cm
1 51 51
50 = 0 + f(10)2  f = 1/sec2 41
2
(C) 10 cm (D) None of these
51
Sol. [B] Ex.63 If a particle is projected inside a tunnel of
Let u be the v elocity of bullet bef ore height 10 metres with a velocity of 28 m/sec,
penetration. then the greatest possible range, is
Now, W.D. = change of K.E. (A) 20 m (B) 20 3 m
10 1 20 2 u2 (C) 40 m (D) 40. 3 m
 P × = × u  P= ...(1)
100 2 1000 10 Sol. [D]
Let V be the common velocity of the bullet Max. height the particle can attain = 10 m
and the board after the bullet strikes it.
u2 sin2  28  28  sin 2 
If the bullet penetrates b, then by the principle  = 10 =10
2g 2  9.8
of conservation of linear momentum,
1
 sin2  =   = 30°
 20  20 4
  1 V = u+0
 100  1000 u2 sin 2
 Greatest possible range =
 51 V = u ...(2) g
Also, W.D. = change in K.E. 28  28  sin 60
= = 40 3 m
9. 8
1  20  2 1  20  1 2
P.B.=  u –   V ...(3)
2  1000  2  1000 
Ex.64 A particle is projected upon a smooth inclined
Using (1), (2) in (3), plane of inclination 60° along the line of
2 greatest slope. If it comes to instantaneous
u2 51 u u2b 2 41
– 2 = b= m= 9 cm rest after 2 seconds, then the velocity of
100 100 (51) 10 51 51
projectile is (Take g = 9.8 m/s)
Examples (A) 9.8 m/s (B) 10 m/s
based on Projectile
(C) 16.97 m/s (D) 19.6 m/s
Sol. [C]
Ex.62 If h1 and h2 are the greatest heights for the
two paths of a projectile with a given  3
horizontal range R, then Here, f = –g sin  = –(9.8)  

 2 
(A) R = 4 h1h2 (B) R = h1h2 = – 3 (4.9) m/sec2
h1 v = 0, t = 2
(C) R = h2 (D) R = 2 h1h2
 v = u – g sin  t  0 = u – 3 (4.9) (2)
Sol. [A]  u = 16.97 m/sec.
For a given horizontal range, there are always
two angles of projection, namely  and Ex.65 If the greatest height attained by a projectile
 is one quarter of its range on the horizontal
– . plane, then the angle of projection is
2
 
u2 sin2  (A) (B)
 h1= 4 6
2g
 
  (C) (D)
u 2 sin 2     3 5
2  u2 cos 2 
and h2 = = Sol. [A]
2g 2g
2 2 2
4 2 2 2 1 u sin 2 u sin 
u sin . cos   u 2 sin 2  . =
4 g 2g
 h1h2= =  
4g 2
 4g 
2 sin  cos  
u2 sin2   = sin2 tan  = 1  =
 4 h1h2 = = R. 2 4
g
Ex.66 A body is projected at such an angle that the Ex.67 If t1 and t2 are the times of flight of two
horizontal range is three times the greatest particles having the same initial velocity u
height. Then the angle of projection is and range R on the horizontal, then t12 + t 22
is equal to
 1 2
(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1   u2 4u2
3 3
(A) (B)
g g2
4 5
(C) tan–1   (D) tan–1  
3 3 u2
(C) (D) 1
2g
Sol. [C]
Sol. [B]
u 2 sin 2 u2 sin2  4 Since the two particles have same initial
= 3.  tan  =
g 2g 3 velocity and same horizontal range
 sin 21 = sin 22
4
a = tan–1   (1 and 2 are angles of projection)
3

1 + 2 =
2
2u sin 1 2u sin  2
t1 = , t2 =
g g
4u2
 t1 2 + t2 2 =
g2