SHS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – MELC 6
Week 2
Phase Diagram of Water

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet No. 4 - Phase Diagram of Water
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writers: Arlene L. Ditangco

Editor: Moonyeen C. Rivera
Layout Artist : Mara Jamaica B. Floreno
Kris Dawn C. Rivera
Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Rona F. Dela Torre
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Division of Cadiz City Management Team:
Ma. Lorlinie M. Ortillo
May P. Pascual
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Rona F. Dela Torre

Regional Management Team:

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 2!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Cadiz and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through
the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to
guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring lifelong learning skills, knowledge, and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and the learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease independent
learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner:_____________________________________________________
Grade and Section:______________________________Date: _________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 ACTIVITY SHEET NO.5

Phase Diagram of Water

I. Learning Competency with Code

Interpret the phase diagram of water (STEM_GC11CIMFIIIa-c107)

II. Background Information for Learners

Everyone is familiar with the phases of matter. Since your elementary years
you know that solid, liquid and gas are the three phases of matter. What about phase
diagram of water? Do you know what phase diagram is? Why is it important to study
phase diagram? How do you read a water phase diagram?
In this learning activity, you will learn about using a phase diagram of water to
interpret stable phases at given temperatures and pressures.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1

Directions: Study the diagram given and answer the questions that follow.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Figure1: Phase Changes of Water

Guide Questions:

1. What does the illustration would like to tell you?

___________________________________________________________

4
 2. What do you call these changes that water undergoes?
___________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think these changes are possible?

___________________________________________________________

Water is undergoing phase changes. Based on the illustration when ice cube
melts and becomes water it evaporates and becomes water vapor. Phase
changes require either the addition of heat energy (melting, evaporation, and
sublimation) or subtraction of heat energy (condensation and freezing). Changing the
amount of heat energy usually causes a temperature change. When a
substance changes from one state, or phase, of matter to another it has undergone
a change of state, or a change of phase. These changes of phase always occur with
a change of heat.

A change of state occurs when matter is converted from one physical state to
another. For example, when water is heated, it changes from a liquid to a gas—when
cooled water will eventually freeze into a solid which is commonly called ice.
A change of state is usually accompanied by a change in temperature and/or
pressure.

For you to really understand the physical states of a substance under different
conditions, a phase diagram is of great help. Phase diagram is a graphical
representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions
of temperature and pressure. A typical phase diagram for a pure substance is shown
in Figure 1. A typical phase diagram has pressure on the y-axis and temperature on
the x-axis. As the line crosses or curves on the phase diagram, a phase change
occurs. The phase diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific
conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of
the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points).

Figure 2. The Physical State of a Substance and its Phase- Transition Temperature.

5
 Below is the table showing the summary explanation of the phase diagram
of the pure substance.

Lines Description of Phase Description of Phase

A to D Freezing the substance changes

from a liquid to a solid.

(Liquid to solid)
Separates from
solid and liquid
Melting the substance changes
back from the solid to the
liquid.

(Solid to liquid)

C to A Sublimation the substance changes

directly from a solid
Separates solid
and gas (Solid to gas)

Deposition the substance changes

directly from a gas to a
solid without going
through the liquid phase.

(Gas to solid)

A to B Condensation the substance changes

from a gas to a liquid.
Separates liquid
and gas (Gas to liquid)

Vaporization the substance changes

from a liquid to a gas.

(Liquid to gas)

Finally, point A is the point of intersection of all lines, where the solid/liquid,
liquid/gas, and solid/gas lines intersect, which is called the triple point. The only
combination of temperature and pressure at which all three phases (solid, liquid, and
gas) are in equilibrium. The pressure lower than the triple point cannot exist as a liquid,
regardless of the temperature.

The phase diagram shown in figure 2 is for a single pure substance in a

closed system, not for a liquid in an open container in contact with air at 1 atm
pressure.

6
 To illustrate the usefulness of these plots, consider the phase diagram for
water shown in figure 3.

Phase Diagram of Water

Figure 3. The Phase Diagram of Water

The phase diagram of water is divided into three regions each of which
represents a pure phase. The line separating two regions indicates conditions under
which two phases can exist in equilibrium. For example, the curve between the liquid
and the vapor phase shows the variation of vapor pressure with temperature. The
other two curves similarly indicate conditions for equilibrium between ice and liquid
water and water vapor. The point at which all three curves meet is called a triple point,
the only condition under which all three phases can be in equilibrium with one another.
The phase diagram of water shows that the triple point occurs at 0.00980C and 4.58
mmHg (0.010C and 0.0006 atm). The normal melting (freezing) point is 00C. The
normal boiling point is 1000C. A critical point is 3740C and 218 atm.

You can use the phase diagram to identify the physical state of a sample of
water under specified conditions of pressure and temperature.
Example, a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of −15 °C correspond to the
region of the diagram labeled “ice.” Under these conditions, water exists only as a solid
(ice). A pressure of 0.75 atm and a temperature of 75 °C correspond to the “water”
region—here, water exists only as a liquid. At 0.25 atm and 200 °C, water exists only
in the gaseous state. Note that the pressure and temperature axes are not drawn to a

7
constant scale to permit the illustration of several important features as described on
the H2O phase diagram.

Activity 2. A
Directions: Draw and interpret the graph given the following data. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 110 °C and 2.0 atm

2. 60 °C and 0.5 atm

3. 10 °C and 1.5 atm

Activity 2.B
Directions: Use and interpret the phase diagram below to answer the following
questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What physical state would the substance be at point D?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Supposed the constant pressure is 1 atm. What useful information can you get
from the diagram about the simple physical properties of a substance?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. Supposed the temperature was increased on the substance at constant

pressure. What state/s would the substance be in points E to F?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

8
IV. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I need more information about ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

III. Key Answer

Activity 1:
Guide Questions:
1. What does the illustration would like to tell you?
The illustration tells about the diagram of the phase changes of water.
2. What do you call these changes that water undergoes?
The changes that water undergoes are called Phase Changes of Water.
3.Why do you think these changes are possible?
These changes are possible when a change of state occurs from one physical
state or phase to another. The addition of heat energy (melting, evaporation, and
sublimation) or subtraction of heat energy (condensation and freezing) is required
to convert from one physical state to another. Changing the amount of heat
energy causes the temperature to change. When a substance change from one
state or phase of matter to another has changed to state, or we say that it has
changed to phase.

Activity 2.A
A.Using the phase diagram for water provided, we can determine that the state of
water (H2O) at each temperature and pressure given are as follows:
1. 110 °C and 2.0 atm 2. 60 °C and 0.5 atm 3. 10 °C and 1.5 atm
(1) liquid (2) gas (3) solid.

Activity 2.A

9
 Activity 2.B
Use and interpret the phase diagram below to answer the following questions.

1.What physical state would the substance be in under the condition at point D?
The physical state of the substance at point D is gas.

2.Supposed the temperature was then increased on the substance at constant

pressure. What state/s would the substance be in at each of points E to F?
The state of a substance at point E is solid while in point F is liquid.

3.Explain the significance of the point labeled T on the phase diagram.

T is the triple point. It is the only set of conditions where all three states are
found in equilibrium with each other.

VI. Links and/or Other References

Google. "opentextbc.ca/chemistry" Access January 27, 2021

https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/10-4-phase-diagrams/

Google. “chem.libretexts.org.” Access January 27, 2021

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Genera
l_Chemistry_(Petrucci_et_al.)/12%3A_Intermolecular_Forces%3A_Liquids_A
nd_Solids/12.4%3A_Phase_Diagrams

Google. “chemguide.co.uk/physical/questions.” Acces January 31, 2021

https://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/questions/q-phasediagpure.pdf

10