SCI 221 - BIO CHEMISTRY

Metabolic
Pathways of
Carbohydrates

Presented by Group 3
Metabolic Pathways?

When humans and animals consume

plants, the body break down these
stored carbohydrates in the plants to
make energy available to cells. This
energy is vital for an organism's survival.

However, in plants, metabolic pathways

of carbohydrates refers to the process
of plants synthesizing carbohydrates
from carbon dioxide and water which
allows them to store energy absorbed
from sunlight.
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis is the process by which

plants use sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the
form of sugar.
 3 Requirements
PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

Photosynthesis is the process by which

plants use sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the
form of sugar.
 3 Requirements
PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

Photosynthesis is the process by which

plants use sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the
form of sugar.

monosaccharide
Glucose
Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose
and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls. Starch is stored in seeds and
other plant parts as a food source.
Glucose
Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose
and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls. Starch is stored in seeds and
other plant parts as a food source.
Glucose
Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose
and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls. Starch is stored in seeds and
other plant parts as a food source.

CONSUME
GLUCOSE
Glucose
Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose
and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls. Starch is stored in seeds and
other plant parts as a food source.

CONSUME MAKE
GLUCOSE GLUCOSE
Glucose
Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose
and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls. Starch is stored in seeds and
other plant parts as a food source.

CONSUME BOTH MAKE

GLUCOSE NEED GLUCOSE
GLUCOSE
 the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It
Chlorophyll helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of
photosynthesis.
 the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It
Chlorophyll helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of
photosynthesis.

RED and BLUE LIGHT GREEN LIGHT

 are plant cell organelles that allow plants to
capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich
Chloroplasts molecules and convert light energy into relatively
stable chemical energy.
 are plant cell organelles that allow plants to
capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich
Chloroplasts molecules and convert light energy into relatively
stable chemical energy.

2 Major Processes that occur in

the Chloroplasts

1) Light-dependent Reactions

2) Light-independent Reactions
Light-dependent reactions
Light-dependent reactions

Light energy

powers the movement of

an electron through an
electron transport chain
going through proteins and
carrier proteins.
Light-dependent reactions

Light energy H₂O

powers the movement of Water will be split yielding

an electron through an to oxygen and hydrogen
electron transport chain ions.
going through proteins and
carrier proteins.
Light-dependent reactions

Light energy H₂O Products

powers the movement of Water will be split yielding Adenosine Triphosphate

an electron through an to oxygen and hydrogen (ATP) and Nicotinamide
electron transport chain ions. Adenine Dinucleotide
going through proteins and Phosphate (NADPH) are
carrier proteins. stored for Calvin Cycle.
Light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle
 Light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle

ATP

acts as an energy
currency for the
light-independent
reaction/calvin cycle
 Light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle

ATP NADPH

acts as an energy supplies reducing

currency for the power and adds high-
light-independent energy electrons in
reaction/calvin cycle the process
 Light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle

ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide

acts as an energy supplies reducing enters through the

currency for the power and adds high- stomata and is fixed
light-independent energy electrons in to be usable.
reaction/calvin cycle the process
 Light-independent reactions/Calvin Cycle

ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide G3P

acts as an energy supplies reducing enters through the Glyceraldehyde-3-

currency for the power and adds high- stomata and is fixed phosphate is
light-independent energy electrons in to be usable. produced which can
reaction/calvin cycle the process be converted to
glucose, sucrose, etc.
The energy from sunlight drives the reaction of carbon dioxide and water molecules
to produce sugar and oxygen, as seen in the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
Though the equation looks simply, it is carried out through many complex steps.
Before learning the details of how photoautotrophs convert light energy into
chemical energy, it is important to become familiar with the structures involved.
Humana?