REVIEWER PURRRCOM

LESSON 1 COMMUNICATION VERBAL VS. NON-VERBAL

PRINCIPLE COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Verbal Communication
o Communication is derived from o Communicating with words,
communis, a Latin word which written, or spoken
means to make something o Process of exchanging information
common or to share. between two or more persons
o Transfer of information and through two or more persons
common understanding from one through written and oral words.
person to another.
TYPES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
o Imparting or exchange of
information by speaking, writing, or Interpersonal – two or more parties
using some other medium. – verbal or non-verbally.
Oxford dictionary Intrapersonal – between oneself
o Communication is an exchange of Small – group – three or more
facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions people
by two or more people. Public – lot of audience
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION ADVANTAGES:
1. Communication is related to o Time saver
human activity. o Quick feedback
2. Communication involves two or o Convenient Individuals
more parties. o Ease preparation
3. Communication could be one-way o Privacy
or two-way process. o Improved Clarity
4. Success of communication
depends on a proper DISADVANTAGE:
understanding of the parties
involved o Distorted meaning
5. Conversation in organization flows o Inconvenience for long messages
in a variety of styles o Unnecessary information
6. Communication is media or o Misunderstanding
channel based. o Communication expense
o No place for rectification
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Non-verbal communication
o Source
o Message o Communicating without using any
o Channel spoken or written words
o Receiver o Can be gestures, facial,
o Feedback expressions, ye contact and
o Environment touching
o Context TYPES OF NON-VERBL
o Interference COMMUNICATION
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION Facial expressions
Gestures
Body language and posture
 Eye contact

ADVANTAGES: CULTURAL ISSUES AFFECTING

COMMUNICATION
o Provides clarity
o Substitute for verbal o Cultural identity – ways of doing
communication things that a person brings with
o Useful for illiterate people him from the particular place
o Impact and effective where he came from.
o Useful for especially abled people o Racial identity – refers to how
o Quicker transmission of messages one’s membership to a particular
o Reduces wastages of time race affects how one interacts with
people of different races.
DISADVANTAGES: o Ethnic identity – how two
individuals from different cultures
o Imprecise and vague
interact with one another.
o Long conversations are not
o Gender roles -
possible
o Individuals personalities – how a
o Meaning varies across cultures
person communicates with others
o Might distort information
from cultures depends on his own
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION unique personality traits.
o Social class -
Clarity o Age identity – how a member of
Conciseness different age groups interacts with
Completeness each other.
Organization o Role identity – refer to the different
Empathy
roles a person plays in his or her
Flexibility
life including their roles as a
Seven C’s of communication husband or wife, father, mother,
etc.
1. Clear
2. Correct Globalization
3. Complete
o Process of interaction and
4. Concrete
integration among people,
5. Concise
companies, government of
6. Considered and coherent
different nations.
7. Courteous
o International trade and investment
FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF o Growing interdependence of the
COMMUNICATION world’s economies, cultures, and
populations brought about by
1. Control – used to control behavior
cross-border trade in goods and
of an individual
services
2. Social interaction – allows
individual to interact Globalization in communication –
3. Motivation – use to motivate or globalization creates a communication
encourage people to live better system, reflecting the new reality where
4. Emotional expression - everybody is connected to everyone.
5. Information dissemination – used
for conveying information The Impact of Globalization & Global
Communication
 Increased business opportunities -
Cultural barriers -
Creation of a global village – is
created when distance and
isolation is no longer matter
because people are connected by
technology
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION
Ethics – approach in analyzing what is
right and wrong, what is good or bad
Effective communication is ethical
communication.
Ethics in communication –
communication is ethical only when it’s
genuine, open, cooperative and sensitive
to one’s culture and social beliefs and
practices.
LESSON 2 LOCAL AND GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION (Multicultural
Setting)
COMMUNICATION STYLES IN
VARIOUS MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
Two Style Dimensions
o Assertiveness Level
o Emotiveness Level
Spirited = High Expressiveness + High
Assertiveness
o Persuasive
o Is a good story-teller
o Focus on the big picture
o Uses motivational speech
Tips with people with a SPIRITED
COMMUNICATION STYLE:
1. Respect decisions and agenda
that have been agreed upon, as
well as time limits during meetings
or any communicative situation.
2. Try to limit your sharing of
personal anecdotes that may take
the discussion off-topic.
3. Make sure you are allowing others
to contribute their ideas and
suggestions – and that you are
genuinely listening to them.
4. Be certain that any request you
make is clear and that you convey
the reason for such request.
5. Communicate your appreciation for
others’ work and input.
Considerate Communication Style
Considerate = High Expressiveness +
Low Assertiveness
o Listens well
o Is a good counselor
o Uses supportive language
o Builds trust
Tips for people with a CONSIDERATE
COMMUNICATION STYLE:
1. Recognize that other people’s
opinions about a topic are
separate from their opinions about
you
2. Realize that not everyone is
comfortable discussing personal
topics with colleagues.
3. Allow others to open personal
matters before asking questions of
that nature.
4. Respect your own opinion as you
respect that of other’s.
5. Recognize that you don’t have to
be friends with everyone, but you
should treat others – and be
treated – professionally.
Tips for people with DIRECT
COMMUNICATION STYLE:
1. Make an effort listen carefully to
others. Avoid interrupting.
2. Allow time for chatting at the
beginning of a meeting
3. Recognize that others may also
feel the need to express
themselves.
4. Recognize that brainstorming can
be effective and is not a waste of
time.
 5. Take some time to show your need to communicate but do not
appreciation for other’s share a common language.
contribution. b. Creole – is a pidgin that becomes
the first language of the children,
Tips for people with a SYSTEMATIC
or the mother tongue of a certain
COMMUNICATION STYLE:
community.
1. Recognize that for good working c. Regional Dialect – a variety of a
relationships, consideration for language spoken in a particular
other’s feelings is important are of a country.
2. Learn to ask qualifying questions d. Minor Dialect – used as a marker
that will help you get the of identity, usually alongside a
information you need standard variety, by the members
3. Make sure you understand the of a particular minority ethnic
background of the discussion or group.
scope of the conversation so no e. Spoken mainly as second
time is wasted. language in former colonies with
4. Politely ask other questions about multilingual population.
themselves if you want to build
Language Register – define as the way a
rapport.
speaker uses language differently in
5. If you need to ask for more time to
different circumstances.
know, analyze or discuss
something, explain the benefit of 5 Distinct Registers
the information you need to know.
1. Formal
Varieties and Registers of spoken and - Used in professional,
written language academic, or legal settings
where communication is
Language – principal method of human
expected to be respectful,
communication, either written or spoken
uninterrupted, and restrained to
words.
specific rules.
Spoken language – language produced 2. Casual
by articulate sounds, as opposed to a - Used when communicating
written language. with friends, close
acquaintances, colleagues,
Written languages – written form of and family members.
communication which includes both 3. Intimate
reading and writing - These are reserved for special
Language varieties – “lectecs” – refer to occasions, usually between
the different varieties of a language that only two people and often in
can be sufficiently delimited from one private.
another terms of social, historical or geo- 4. Frozen
spatial factors, thus forming language - Refers to historic language tha
clusters. is intended to remain
unchanged.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE 5. Consultative
VARIETIES: - Used in conversation when
a. Pidgin – refers to a new language people are speaking with
that develops into situations where someone who has specialized
speakers of different languages knowledge or is offering
advice.

LESSON 3
EVALUATING MESSAGES AND
IMAGES OF DIFFERENT TEXTS TYPES
 The power of words & images
 Multimodality
World Englishes – refers to the
differences in the English language that
emerged as it is used in various contexts
across the world. Kachru introduces it.
THE THREE CONCETRIC CIRCLES
Inner circle – Canada, US, UK
Outer circle – Malaysia, Singapore, India,
Philippines
Expanding circle – Japan, China, Korea
Code Switching – occurs when a
speaker alternates between two or more
languages.
TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING
1. Intra sentential switching – the
speaker may switch parts of
clauses or sentence boundary.
(word lang nagbago ng language)
2. Inter sentential switching – an
entire clause or sentence is in one
language, but the speaker
switches to another language for a
subsequent clause or sentence.
( buong sentence)
3. Tag switching – (emblematic
switching) an interjection, a tag, or
a setnece filler in the other
language which serves as an
ethnic identity marker.
THE POWER OF WORDS AND IMAGES
Media messages contains information and
ideas that are shared to a large audience
of people.
Multimodality – use of more than one
mode of communication in a text to create
meaning.
Multimodal Digital – slides presentation,
blogs, web pages, socmeds
Multimodal Paper – books, comics,
posters, brochures
Multimodal Communication – crucial
component of social interactions
DIFFERENT WAYS OF KNOWLEDGE
 Semiotic Resources – focuses on
meaning-making in all modes.
Brings all socially organized
resources that people use to make
meaning into one descriptive and
analytical domain.
 Various modalities – helps us
understand how communication
can be carried out.
o Visual communication –
transmission of ideas thru
symbols and images. EX.
Signs, graphic designs,
films
o Aural – focused on sound
including music, sound
effects, ambient noises,
silence, tone of voice
o Gestural – facial
expressions, hand
gestures, body language
o Linguistic – written or
spoken words. Best way to
express details and lists.
o Spatial – elaborates upon
the use of physical space in
the text as well as its
overall structure