T4 16-17 [121 marks]

1. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

2. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

3. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

4. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

5. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

6. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B
7. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

8. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

9. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

10. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

11. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

12. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

13a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
a wave where the displacement of particles/oscillations of particles/movement of
particles/vibrations of particles is parallel to the direction of energy transfer/wave
travel/wave movement
Do not allow “direction of wave”.
13b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
ALTERNATIVE 1
«distance travelled by wave =» 0.30 m
distance
v =≪ time
=≫ 340ms−1
ALTERNATIVE 2
0.882×10−3×1.6
evaluates T = 0.3
«=4.7ms» to give f = 210 or 212 Hz

uses λ=1.6 m with v=fλ to give 340ms –1

(ii)
ALTERNATIVE 1
λ=1.60m
340
f= 1.60 =212 or 213Hz

ALTERNATIVE 2
0.882×10−3×1.6
T= 0.3
«=4.7ms»
1
F =≪ T
=≫ 210Hz

13c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
the displacement of the particle decreases OR «on the graph» displacement is going in a
negative direction OR on the graph the particle goes down
to the left
Do not allow “moving downwards” unless accompanied by reference to graph.
(ii)
molecules to the left of the particle have moved left and those to the right have moved right
«hence» the particle is at the centre of a rarefaction

14a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
constructive interference
amplitude/amount of light from 4 slits is 4 × amplitude «from one slit»
intensity is proportional to amplitude 2 OR shows 4 2 = 16 in context of intensity
14b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
«diffraction minimum at» θ=0.43rad
λ =≪ bθ = 1.0 × 10−6 × 0.43 =≫ 4.3 × 10−7 m
Accept θ in range 0.41 to 0.45 rad.
Allow λ=bsinθ but do not allow nλ=dsinθ.
Award [1 max] for solution using factor of 1.22.
Award [0] if use of
s = λDd
seen.

(ii)
«first secondary maximum at» θ=0.125rad
1×valuefrom(b)(i)
d= sin 0.125
= 3.4 × 10−6 m
Accept q in range 0.123 to 0.127 rad.
Sine must be seen to award MP2.
Allow ECF from (b)(i).
Allow use of 2nd or 3rd maxima (0.25 rad and 3.46 µm or 0.375 rad and 3.5 µm with
appropriate n).

14c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
primary maxima/fringes become brighter/more intense
primary maxima become narrower/sharper
secondary maxima become unimportant/less intense/disappear
Insist on “secondary” for MP3.
(ii)
λ̄ 589.2935
N =≪ mΔλ
=≫ 2×0.5970
N=494 or 500
Allow use of 588.995 nm or 589.592 nm for
λ̄.
15a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
ALTERNATIVE 1
«distance travelled by wave =» 0.30 m
distance
v =≪ time
=≫ 340ms−1
ALTERNATIVE 2
10−3×1.6
evaluates T = 0.882×0.3 «=4.7ms» to give f = 210 or 212 Hz

uses λ=1.6 m with v=fλ to give 340ms –1

(ii)
ALTERNATIVE 1
λ=1.60m
340
ω =≪ 2πf =≫ 2π × 1.60
= 1.3 × 103 or 1.34×10 3rads–1
ALTERNATIVE 2
0.3 2π×3
«0.882 ms is 1.6
of cycle so whole cycle is»
16×0.882×10−3
1.35×103rads–1
Allow ECF from (b)(i).

15b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
the displacement of the particle decreases OR «on the graph» displacement is going in a
negative direction OR on the graph the particle goes down OR on the graph displacement
moves towards equilibrium/0
to the left
Do not allow “moving downwards”.
(ii)
y=–1.5mm

v = 2π × 212 × √(4.0 × 10−3 ) − (1.5 × 10−3 )

2 2

«v=4.939≈4.9ms-1»
Allow ECF from (b)(ii).
Do not allow
4.3mm
0.882ms
= 4.87ms−1 .
15c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
the superposition/interference of two oppositely moving/reflected «identical travelling»
waves
(ii)
4L 480
the allowed wavelengths in the tube are λ = n
= n
, n = 1, 3, 5,…
OR
3
diagram showing 4
of a standing wavelength in the tube
4.80
1.6 = n
⇒n=3
OR
3
justification that 4
× 1.6 = 1.2m
Allow diagram showing
3
4
of a wavelength for MP1.

16a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
i
minima = destructive interference
Allow “crest meets trough”, but not “waves cancel”.
Allow “destructive superposition” but not bald “superposition”.

at minima waves meet 180° or π out of phase

λ
Allow similar argument in terms of effective path difference of 2
.
Allow “antiphase”, allow “completely out of phase”
Do not allow “out of phase” without angle. Do not allow
nλ
2
unless qualified to odd integers but accept
(n + 12 ) λ

ii
λ= or λ = 12×54
sd
D
2×7.2
= or λ = 12×
54
7.2
= seen
Award [2] for a bald correct answer.

λ = « 12×54
2×7.2
=» 3.2 «cm»
Award [1 max] for 1.6 «cm»
Award [2 max] to a trigonometric solution in which candidate works out individual path
lengths and equates to
λ
2
.
16b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
the component of the polarized signal in the direction of the receiving antenna
is a maximum «when both are parallel»
ALTERNATIVE 2:
receiving antenna must be parallel to plane of polarisation
for power/intensity to be maximum
Do not accept “receiving antenna must be parallel to transmitting antenna”
ALTERNATIVE 3:
refers to Malus’ law or I = I 0 cos2θ
explains that I is max when θ = 0
ALTERNATIVE 4:
an electric current is established in the receiving antenna which is proportional to the
electric field
maximum current in receiving antenna requires maximum field «and so must be parallel»

16c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
i
I0 = I
or cos12230 seen
cos2θ
Award [2] for bald correct answer.
Award [1 max] for MP1 if 9 x 10 -6W is the final answer (I and I 0 reversed).
Award [1 max] if cos not squared (14 µW).
1.6 × 10 -5«W»
Units not required but if absent assume W.

ii
1.9 × 10 –4 «s»

17a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
when 2 waves meet the resultant displacement
is the «vector» sum of their individual displacements

Displacement should be mentioned at least once in MP 1 or 2.

17b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
4.7×10−3×0.35×10−3
λ= 2.4

= 6.9 x 10 –7 «m»
answer to 2 SF

Allow missed powers of 10 for MP1.

17c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
green wavelength smaller than red
fringe separation / distance between maxima decreases

Allow ECF from MP1.

17d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
bright central maximum
subsidiary maxima «on either side»

the width of the central fringe is twice / larger than the width of the subsidiary/secondary
fringes/maxima
OR
intensity of pattern is decreased

Allow marks from a suitably labelled intensity graph for single slit diffraction.

18a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
«light» superposes/interferes
pattern consists of «intensity» maxima and minima
OR
consisting of constructive and destructive «interference»
voltage peaks correspond to interference maxima
18b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6.3×10−7×5.0
«s = λD
= =» 2.1 x 10 –3 «m»
d 1.5×10−3

If no unit assume m.
Correct answer only.

18c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct read-off from graph of 25 m s
2.1×10−3
v = « xt = =» 8.4 x 10 –2 «m s –1»
25×10−3

Allow ECF from (b)(i)

18d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
«reflection at barrier» leads to two waves travelling in opposite directions
mention of formation of standing wave
maximum corresponds to antinode/maximum displacement «of air molecules»
OR
complete cancellation at node position

19a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
acceleration/restoring force is proportional to displacement
and in the opposite direction/directed towards equilibrium
19b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
T12 m1
T22
= m2

mass = 0.38 / 0.39 «kg»

ALTERNATIVE 2
«use of T
= 2π√ mk » k = 28 «Nm–1»

«use of T
= 2π√ mk » m = 0.38 / 0.39 «kg»

Allow ECF from MP1.

19c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
2π
ω = « 0.74 » = 8.5 «rads–1»
1
total energy = 2
× 0.39 × 8.52 × (4.8 × 10−2 )2
= 0.032 «J»

Allow ECF from (b) and incorrect ω.

Allow answer using k from part (b).

19d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
spring constant/k/stiffness would increase
T would be smaller
fractional uncertainty in T would be greater, so fractional uncertainty of mass of block would
be greater

19e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
left
19f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
coils to the right of P move right and the coils to the left move left
hence P at centre of rarefaction

Do not allow a bald statement of rarefaction or answers that don’t include reference to the
movement of coils.
Allow ECF from MP1 if the movement of the coils imply a compression.

20a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
force/acceleration proportional to displacement «from equilibrium position»
and directed towards equilibrium position/point
OR
and directed in opposite direction to the displacement from equilibrium position/point

Do not award marks for stating the defining equation for SHM.
Award [1 max] for a ω–= 2x with a and x defined.

20b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
3.4
frequency of buoy movement = 35
or 0.097 «Hz»

OR
35
time period of buoy = 3.4
or 10.3 «s» or 10 «s»
2πx0 2×π×4.3
v=« T
or 2πfx0 » = 10.3
or 2 × π × 0.097 × 4.3

2.6 «m s –1»
20c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
peaks separated by gaps equal to width of each pulse «shape of peak roughly as shown»
one cycle taking 10 s shown on graph

Judge by eye.
Do not accept cos 2 or sin 2 graph
At least two peaks needed.
Do not allow square waves or asymmetrical shapes.
Allow ECF from (b)(i) value of period if calculated.

20d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
PE of water is converted to KE of moving water/turbine to electrical energy «in
generator/turbine/dynamo»
idea of pumped storage, ie: pump water back during night/when energy cheap to buy/when
energy not in demand/when there is a surplus of energy

20e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
specific energy available = «gh =» 9.81 x 270 «= 2650J kg –1»
OR
1
mgh = 2
mv2

OR
v2 = 2gh
v = 73 «ms –1»

Do not allow 72 as round from 72.8

20f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
total energy = «mgh = 1.5 x 10 10 x 9.81 x 270=» 4.0 x 10 13 «J»
OR
total energy = « 12 mv2 = 1
2
× 1.5 × 1010 × (answer (c)(ii)) 2 =» 4.0 x 10 13 «J»
4.0×1013
time = « » 11.1h or 4.0 x 10 4 s
4×2.5×108

Use of 3.97 x 10 13 «J» gives 11 h.

For MP2 the unit must be present.

20g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
friction/resistive losses in pipe/fluid resistance/turbulence/turbine or generator «bearings»
OR
sound energy losses from turbine/water in pipe
thermal energy/heat losses in wires/components

water requires kinetic energy to leave system so not all can be transferred

Must see “seat of friction” to award the mark.

Do not allow “friction” bald.

21a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
«light» superposes/interferes
pattern consists of «intensity» maxima and minima
OR
consisting of constructive and destructive «interference»
voltage peaks correspond to interference maxima

21b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6.3×10−7×5.0
«s = λD
= =» 2.1 x 10 –3 «m»
d 1.5×10−3

If no unit assume m.
Correct answer only.
21c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct read-off from graph of 25 m s
2.1×10−3
v = « xt = =» 8.4 x 10 –2 «m s –1»
25×10−3

Allow ECF from (b)(i)

21d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0.13
angular width of diffraction minimum = 5.0
«= 0.026 rad»
6.3×10−7
slit width = « λd = 0.026
=» 2.4 x 10 –5 «m»

Award [1 max] for solution using 1.22 factor.

21e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
«beyond the first diffraction minimum» average voltage is smaller

«voltage minimum» spacing is «approximately» same

OR
rate of variation of voltage is unchanged

OWTTE

21f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
«reflection at barrier» leads to two waves travelling in opposite directions
mention of formation of standing wave
maximum corresponds to antinode/maximum displacement «of air molecules»
OR
complete cancellation at node position
22a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
3×108×sin(33)
«v = c sin i
sin r
=» sin(46)

2.3 x 10 8 «m s–1»

22b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
light strikes AB at an angle of 57°
critical angle is «sin –1( 2.3
3
) =» 50.1°
49.2° from unrounded value
angle of incidence is greater than critical angle so total internal reflection
OR
light strikes AB at an angle of 57°
calculation showing sin of “refracted angle” = 1.1
statement that since 1.1>1 the angle does not exist and the light does not emerge
[Max 3 marks]

22c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
total internal reflection shown
ray emerges at opposite face to incidence
Judge angle of incidence=angle of reflection by eye or accept correctly labelled angles
With sensible refraction in correct direction

22d. [4 marks]

Markscheme
mass = «volume x density» (0.75)3 x 920 «= 388 kg»
energy required to raise temperature = 388 x 2100 x 20 «= 1.63 x 10 7 J»
energy required to melt = 388 x 330 x 10 3 «= 1.28 x 108 J»
1.4 x 108 «J» OR 1.4 x 105 «kJ»
Accept any consistent units
Award [3 max] for answer which uses density as 1000 kg –3 (1.5× 10 8 «J»)
 22e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
in solid state, nearest neighbour molecules cannot exchange places/have fixed
positions/are closer to each other/have regular pattern/have stronger forces of attraction
in liquid, bonds between molecules can be broken and re-form
OWTTE
Accept converse argument for liquids
[Max 1 Mark]

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