SAND QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN CATARMAN, NORTHERN SAMAR

ROILAN E. GAJANA
KANE JOHN ALDRIN G. GAYO

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

College of Arts and Communication
University of Eastern Philippines
University Town, Northern Samar

2023

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 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES
University Town, Northern Samar
Web: uep.edu.ph Email: uepnsofficial@gmail.com

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMUNICATION

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled SAND QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN CATARMAN,

NORTHERN SAMAR prepared and submitted by ROILAN E. GAJANA and
KANE JOHN ALDRIN G. GAYO in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CRIMINOLOGY is hereby recommended for acceptance and
approval.

JOY E. PRESADO, DPA ATTY. FRANCO ARCHIE N. TONOG

Research Professor Research Adviser
Date: _____________ Date: _____________

Recommended for acceptance and approval:

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

LOURDES A. OLMEDO, AB
Chairman
Date: _______________
AVILA C. ERIVERA, MAEd JOSE E. GABON, JR., DCJE
Member Member
Date:________________ Date:___________________

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CRIMINOLOGY.
JOSE E. GABON, JR., DCJE
Chair, Criminology Dep’t
Date: ________________

MARIA ALFE G. BANAWIS, DALL

Dean, College of Arts and Communication
Date:_________________

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Roilan Espayos Gajana also known as

“Toroy” is from Brgy. Ipil-ipil,

Catarman, Northern Samar. He was born on

January 12, 2000 to Rogelio Dela Cruz

Gajana, a meat vendor and Verna Camposano

Espayos, a housewife. He is the youngest

among 7 children.

He finished his elementary education at Catarman II

Central Elementary School in 2012, his Junior High School at

Cawayan National High School in 2017, and his Senior High

School at Northern Samar Colleges With High Honor in 2019. He

finished his baccalaureate degree at the University of

Eastern Philippines with the degree Bachelor of Science in

Criminology in 2023.

He is a member of Advance Reserve Officers Training Corps

as Corps S3 Batch 2022, Graduate Military Assistant at Eastern

Visayas Central Colleges, Class President Section C, School

Year 2022-2023 and Class Vice-President School Year 2022-2023

Class Kadasig.

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 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Kane John Aldrin G. Gayo also known

as “Kan Kan” is from Purok 5 Brgy.

Dalakit, Catarman Northern Samar. He was

born on November 29, 2000. He is the son

of Aldrin B. Gayo, a Philippine Army and

Rosalyn G. Gayo, housewife. He is the

oldest among 4 children. His siblings are

Mae, Kim, and Queencies.

He finished his elementary education at Catarman Central

1 Elementary School in 2012 and his secondary education at

St. Michael Academy at Catarman, Northern Samar in 2019. He

finished his baccalaureate degree at the University of

Eastern Philippines with the degree Bachelor of Science in

Criminology in 2023.

He is a member of Advance Reserve Officers Training Corps

as Corps Commander Batch 2022, Graduate Military Assistant at

the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus, a member

of UEP-Bulls Basketball Team and a SCUAA Player.

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 ABSTRACT

e Title : SAND QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN

CATARMAN, NORTHERN SAMAR

Researchers : ROILAN E. GAJANA

KANE JOHN ALDRIN G. GAYO

Adviser : ATTY. FRANCO ARCHIE N. TONOG

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
School : UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES
Year : 2023___________________________________

This study aimed to determine the sand quarrying

activities in Catarman, Northern Samar. Specifically, it

aimed to find out the socio-demographic profile of the

respondents in sand quarrying in terms of as sex, civil

status, educational attainment; length of business; existing

permit, equipment, number of personnel; types of quarrying,

the different quarrying activities; identify the effects of

sand quarrying to the residents of the sites in Catarman,

Northern Samar.

Seventy (70) respondents categorized as the owners,

laborers of quarrying sites in Catarman, Northern Samar were

taken as respondents of this study. The study used a

descriptive survey questionnaire. The method used to

determine the respondents was purposive sampling technique.

The data were categorized, analyzed, and interpreted using

frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, and ranking.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research work has been accomplished with numerous

inspirations and assistance from several persons, to whom I'd

like to express my heartfelt gratitude, sincere appreciation

and long-remembered debt of gratitude particularly to the

following:

To the members of the Panel of Examiners: Dr. Jose Gabon,

Jr., Prof. Avila C. Erivera and Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo,

for the challenging questions and valuable suggestions that

further enriched the study.

To Atty. Archie Franco N. Tonog, for the continuous

support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense

knowledge towards the completion of this research endeavor.

To Dr. Joy Eulin Presado, research professor, for the

unselfish and untiring assistance, guidance, and patience,

not only in giving direction, but the “needed push” that

resulted to the realization of this study.

The Philippine Mining Regulatory Board, Laborers and

Quarry Business owners in Catarman, Northern Samar as

respondents of the study, for the cooperation and time shared

in the conduct of the study.

My friends, the F7, the ROTC Fam and college buddies for

the joy they bring despite the difficulty.

My classmates for the enjoyment while taking the course;

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 My Criminology professors, for the support,

understanding, and friendship.

My ever-supportive aunts; ever-loving sister and

brother: Ronalyn, Rogelio Jr., Rova Jane, Roxanne, Rovie Ann,

Rica Ella; for the endless prayers, moral and financial

support given to their “Gogoy”.

My Papa Aga and Mama Verna who tirelessly worked for

the family; and all the members of the family, for the full

support and for always being with me to support any of my

undertakings.

Above all, to Almighty God, who has endowed me with

wisdom, good health, determination and courage.

-Roi

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research work has been accomplished with numerous

inspirations and assistance from several persons, to whom I’d

wish to express my heartfelt gratitude, sincere appreciation

and long-remembered indebtedness, especially to the

following:

First of all, I want to thank God for making me strong

and giving me wisdom and strength to fight against idleness

which motivated me to not to give up.

To Our research adviser, Atty. Franco Archie N. Tonog,

for teaching us how to manage and how to be committed as

student researchers.

The members of the Panel of Examiners: Dr. Jose Gabon

Jr., Prof. Avila C. Erivera, and Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo, for

the challenging questions and valuable suggestions that

further enriched the study.

To our enthusiastic criminological research professor,

Dr. Joy E. Presado for the unselfish and untiring assistance,

guidance, and patience, not only in giving direction, but the

knowledge and expertise shared which contributed much towards

the completion of this study.

To the Different Quarry sites and commercial businesses

in Northern Samar who served as respondents of the study, for

the cooperation and time shared in the conduct of the study;

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 To my friends and college buddies for the joy they bring

despite the difficulties.

To my classmates for the enjoyment while taking the

course.

To my Criminology professors particularly our chairman,

my best mentor, life coach and adviser Dr. Jose Gabon Jr., my

best Idol, Prof. "Dams" Damayo, for the support,

understanding, and friendship.

To my loved ones, ever-loving sisters and brother:

Mae,Kim and Queencies; for the endless prayers, moral and

financial support given to their “Kuya Wapo”; my Tatay Rener

and Mama Rosalyn who tirelessly worked for me, for spoiling

me, giving me things to enjoy, thank you for all your

sacrifices just to see me having a bright future.

Above all, to Almighty God, who has endowed me with

wisdom, good health, courage, and determination.

-KanKan

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 DEDICATION

This humble work is dedicated to all who touched our

lives.

-Roi and KanKan

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE Page

APPROVAL SHEET ii

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH iii

ABSTRACT v

ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi

DEDICATION x

TABLE OF CONTENTS xi

LIST OF FIGURES xiv

LIST OF TABLES xv

Chapters

I INTRODUCTION

Problem and Its Settings 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Objectives of the Study 65

Significance of the Study 76

Scope and Limitations of the Study 87

Theoretical Framework 8

Conceptual Framework 10

Paradigm 11

Definition of Terms 12

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Research Literature 15

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 Conceptual Literature 21

Related Studies 3736

III METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study 4139

Research Design 4241

Population and Sampling Technique 4241

The Respondents 4241

Research Instrument 4241

Validation of Research Instrument 4342

Data Gathering Procedure 4442

Statistical Treatment of Data 4443

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF 4544

DATA

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATION

Summary 6256

Conclusions & Implications 6357

Recommendations 6558

LITERATURE CITED 6660

APPENDICES

A – Letter to the College Dean 6963

B – Letter to the Department Chair 7064

C – Letter to the Provincial Mining 7165

Regulatory Board (PMRB) 72

D – Letter to the Respondents 7366

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E – List of Mining Permittees 7467

F – Survey Questionnaire 7868

G – Photo Documentation 8672

H – Copy of RA 7942 9080

xiii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page

1 Concept of the Study 11

2 Spot Map of Study Area 4340

xiv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page

1.1 Sex Distribution of the Respondents 47

1.2 Civil Status Distribution of Respondents 48

1.3 Educational Attainment Distribution 49

1.4 Length of Business Operation Distribution 50

1.5 Type of Permit Distribution 51

1.6.1 Distribution of Extraction Equipment 52

1.6.2 Transportation Facilities Distribution 53

1.6.3 Processing of Equipment 54

1.6.4 Facilities) Maintenance) Operations Equipment 54

Distribution

1.7 Number of Personnel 55

1.8 Distribution of Mineral Commodities 56

2 Activities in Quarrying Sites 57

3 Effects of Sand Quarrying Distribution 58

4 Recommendations to the decision makers and 59

miners in Catarman, Northern Samar

xv