Roll No.:107120082 Name: Paavendan J M Experiment No.

: 07

LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS - NEWTON-RAPHSON AND DECOUPLED METHOD

PROBLEM:
Write a MATLAB Code to analyse the power flow using Newton-Raphson Method (using Polar Coordinates) for the
system shown in Fig. 1. Take base MVA as 100 MVA. Perform iterations till tolerance𝜀=0.0001is reached. The final
results should display the following:
a. The bus voltages (magnitude and angles)
b. Active and reactive power flows in the lines
c. Active and reactive power losses in the lines
d. Active and reactive power supplied by the slack bus

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 1

MATLAB CODE:
clc();
input = [ 1 2 0.0250+0.050i ;
1 3 0.0125+0.025i ;
2 3 0.0125+0.025i ;];
n=max(input(:,2));
basemva = 100;
row=numel(input(:,1));
Ybus=zeros(n);

for p=1:row
a=input(p,1);
b=input(p,2);
X=input(p,3);
Ybus(a,b)=-Ybus(a,b)-1/X;
Ybus(b,a)=-Ybus(b,a)-1/X;
Ybus(a,a)=Ybus(a,a)+1/X;
Ybus(b,b)=Ybus(b,b)+1/X;
End

Yabs = abs(Ybus);
Yangle = angle(Ybus);
Base_MVA=100;
v1abs = 1.025;
angle1 = 0;
v2abs = 1.03;
angle2 = 0;
P2given = 300/basemva;
v3abs = 1;
angle3 = 0;
P3given = -400/basemva;
Q3given = -200/basemva;
Vabs = [v1abs v2abs v3abs];
Vangle = [angle1, angle2, angle3];
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 2
 e = 0.0001;
limrad2 = 1;
limrad3 = 1;
limV3 = 1;

while(limrad2>e&&limrad3>e&&limV3>e)
Vabsold = Vabs;
Vangleold = Vangle;
n = 3;
P2cal = 0;
P3cal = 0;
Q3cal = 0;

for j=1:n
term1 = Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,j)*Vabs(j);
P2cal = P2cal + term1*cos(Yangle(2,j)+Vangle(j)-Vangle(2));
End

for j=1:n
term1 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,j)*Vabs(j);
P3cal = P3cal + term1*cos(Yangle(3,j)+Vangle(j)-Vangle(3));
term1 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,j)*Vabs(j);
Q3cal = Q3cal + term1*sin(Vangle(3)-Yangle(3,j)-Vangle(j));
End

deltaP2 = P2given-P2cal;
deltaP3 = P3given-P3cal;
deltaQ3 = Q3given-Q3cal;

J1 = -1*Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(2,1));
J1 = J1-Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(3)-Yangle(2,3));
J2 = Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(3)-Yangle(2,3));
J3 = Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,3)*cos(Vangle(2)-Vangle(3)-Yangle(2,3));
J4 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J5 = -1*Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(3,1));
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 3
 J5 = J5-Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J6 = Yabs(3,1)*Vabs(1)*cos(Yangle(3,1)+Vangle(1)-Vangle(3));
J6 = J6+Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*cos(Yangle(3,2)+Vangle(2)-Vangle(3));
J6 = J6+2*Yabs(3,3)*cos(Yangle(3,3));
J7 = -1*Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*cos(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J8 = Vabs(3)*Vabs(1)*Yabs(3,1)*cos(Yangle(3,1)+Vangle(1)-Vangle(3));
J8 = J8+Vabs(3)*Vabs(2)*Yabs(3,2)*cos(Yangle(3,2)+Vangle(2)-Vangle(3));
J9 = -1*Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,3)*sin(Yangle(3,3));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(3,1));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(-1*Yangle(3,3));
J = [J1 J2 J3;
J4 J5 J6;
J7 J8 J9;];
Jinv = inv(J);
Pmismatch = [deltaP2;
deltaP3;
deltaQ3;];
correction_matrix = (Jinv)*Pmismatch;
del_angle2 = correction_matrix(1);
del_angle3 = correction_matrix(2);
del_V3_mag = correction_matrix(3);
Vangle(2) = Vangle(2) + del_angle2;
Vangle(3) = Vangle(3) + del_angle3;
Vabs(3) = Vabs(3) + del_V3_mag;
limrad2 = abs(Vangle(2)-Vangleold(2));
limrad3 = abs(Vangle(3)-Vangleold(3));
limV3 = abs(Vabs(3)-Vabsold(3));
end

V1 = Vabs(1)*exp(1i*Vangle(1));
V2 = Vabs(2)*exp(1i*Vangle(2));
V3 = Vabs(3)*exp(1i*Vangle(3));
S12 = V1*conj((V1-V2)/input(1,3))*basemva;
S21 = V2*conj((V2-V1)/input(1,3))*basemva;
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 4
 S13 = V1*conj((V1-V3)/input(2,3))*basemva;
S31 = V3*conj((V3-V1)/input(2,3))*basemva;
S23 = V2*conj((V2-V3)/input(3,3))*basemva;
S32 = V3*conj((V3-V2)/input(3,3))*basemva;

fprintf("Newton-Raphson load flow method: \n \n")

fprintf("The Bus voltages : \n \n")
fprintf("Bus 1: Voltage = %f V Angle = %f \n",abs(V1),angle(V1))
fprintf("Bus 2: Voltage = %f V Angle = %f \n",abs(V2),angle(V2))
fprintf("Bus 3: Voltage = %f V Angle = %f \n",abs(V3),angle(V3))
fprintf("\nActive and Reactive Power flow in lines: \n \n")
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is %f MW\n",real(S12))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S12))
fprintf("Active Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is %f MW\n",real(S21))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S21))
fprintf("Active Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is %f MW\n",real(S23))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S23))
fprintf("Active Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is %f MW\n",real(S32))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S32))
fprintf("Active Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is %f MW\n",real(S13))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S13))
fprintf("Active Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is %f MW\n",real(S31))
fprintf("Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is %f MVAr\n",imag(S31))

P12loss=real(S12)+real(S21);
P13loss=real(S13)+real(S31);
P23loss=real(S23)+real(S32);
Q12loss=imag(S12)+imag(S21);
Q13loss=imag(S13)+imag(S31);
Q23loss=imag(S23)+imag(S32);

fprintf("\nActive and Reactive power losses in the lines: \n \n")

fprintf("Active power loss in line(1,2) is %f MW\n",P12loss)
fprintf("Reactive power loss in line(1,2) is %f MVAr\n",Q12loss)
fprintf("Active power loss in line(2,3) is %f MW\n",P23loss)
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 5
 fprintf("Reactive power loss in line(2,3) is %f MVAr\n",Q23loss)
fprintf("Active power loss in line(1,3) is %f MW\n",P13loss)
fprintf("Reactive power loss in line(1,3) is %f MVAr\n",Q13loss)
P1=real(S12)+real(S13);
Q1=imag(S12)+imag(S13);

fprintf("\n Active and Reactive power supplied by Slack bus: \n \n")

fprintf("Active power supplied by slack bus is %f MW\n",P1)
fprintf("Active power supplied by slack bus is %f MVAr\n",Q1)

MATLAB OUTPUT:
Newton-Raphson load flow method:

The Bus voltages :

Bus 1: Voltage = 1.025000 V Angle = 0.000000

Bus 2: Voltage = 1.030000 V Angle = 0.025335
Bus 3: Voltage = 0.975439 V Angle = -0.024729

Active and Reactive Power flow in lines:

Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is -46.619570 MW

Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is 13.737373 MVAr
Active Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is 47.181640 MW
Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is -12.613232 MVAr
Active Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is 252.818360 MW
Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is 103.416114 MVAr
Active Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is -244.027237 MW
Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is -85.833869 MVAr
Active Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is 160.878218 MW
Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is 123.982539 MVAr
Active Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is -155.970012 MW
Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is -114.166128 MVAr
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 6
Active and Reactive power losses in the lines:

Active power loss in line(1,2) is 0.562070 MW

Reactive power loss in line(1,2) is 1.124140 MVAr
Active power loss in line(2,3) is 8.791123 MW
Reactive power loss in line(2,3) is 17.582245 MVAr
Active power loss in line(1,3) is 4.908206 MW
Reactive power loss in line(1,3) is 9.816412 MVAr

Active and Reactive power supplied by Slack bus:

Active power supplied by slack bus is 114.258648 MW

Active power supplied by slack bus is 137.719912 MVAr

PROBLEM:
2)Write a MATLAB Code to analyse the power flow using Decoupled Method for the system shown in Fig. 1. Take
base MVA as 100 MVA. Perform iterations till tolerance 𝜀=0.0001is reached. The final results should display the
following:
a. the bus voltages (magnitude and angles)
b. active and reactive power flows in the lines
c. active and reactive power losses in the lines
d. active and reactive power supplied by the slack bus

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 7

MATLAB CODE:
clc();
input = [ 1 2 0.0250+0.050i ;
1 3 0.0125+0.025i ;
2 3 0.0125+0.025i ;];
n=max(input(:,2));
rows=numel(input(:,1));
Ybus=zeros(n);

for p=1:rows
a=input(p,1);
b=input(p,2);
X=input(p,3);
Ybus(a,b)=-Ybus(a,b)-1/X;
Ybus(b,a)=-Ybus(b,a)-1/X;
Ybus(a,a)=Ybus(a,a)+1/X;
Ybus(b,b)=Ybus(b,b)+1/X;
End

Yabs = abs(Ybus);
Yangle = angle(Ybus);
basemva=100;
v1abs = 1.025;
angle1 = 0;
v2abs = 1.03;
angle2 = 0;
P2given = 300/basemva;
v3abs = 1;
angle3 = 0;
P3given = -400/basemva;
Q3given = -200/basemva;
Vabs = [v1abs v2abs v3abs];
Vangle = [angle1, angle2, angle3];
limit = 0.0001;
lim_rad2 = 1;
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 8
 lim_rad3 = 1;
lim_V3 = 1;

while(lim_rad2>limit&&lim_rad3>limit&&lim_V3>limit)
Vabs_old = Vabs;
Vangle_old = Vangle;
n = 3;
P2cal = 0;
P3cal = 0;
Q3cal = 0;

for j=1:n
term1 = Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,j)*Vabs(j);
P2cal = P2cal + term1*cos(Yangle(2,j)+Vangle(j)-Vangle(2));
End

for j=1:n
term1 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,j)*Vabs(j);
P3cal = P3cal + term1*cos(Yangle(3,j)+Vangle(j)-Vangle(3));
term1 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,j)*Vabs(j);
Q3cal = Q3cal + term1*sin(Vangle(3)-Yangle(3,j)-Vangle(j));
End

deltaP2 = P2given-P2cal;
deltaP3 = P3given-P3cal;
deltaQ3 = Q3given-Q3cal;
J1 = -1*Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(2,1));
J1 = J1-Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(3)-Yangle(2,3));
J2 = Vabs(2)*Yabs(2,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(Vangle(2)-Vangle(3)-Yangle(2,3));
J3 = 0;
J4 = Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J5 = -1*Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(3,1));
J5 = J5-Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J6 = 0;
J7 = 0;
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 9
 J8 = 0;
J9 = -1*Vabs(3)*Yabs(3,3)*sin(Yangle(3,3));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,1)*Vabs(1)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(1)-Yangle(3,1));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,2)*Vabs(2)*sin(Vangle(3)-Vangle(2)-Yangle(3,2));
J9 = J9+Yabs(3,3)*Vabs(3)*sin(-1*Yangle(3,3));
J = [J1 J2 J3;
J4 J5 J6;
J7 J8 J9;];
J_inv = inv(J);
Pmismatch = [deltaP2;
deltaP3;
deltaQ3;];
correction_matrix = (J_inv)*Pmismatch;
del_angle2 = correction_matrix(1);
del_angle3 = correction_matrix(2);
del_V3_mag = correction_matrix(3);
Vangle(2) = Vangle(2) + del_angle2;
Vangle(3) = Vangle(3) + del_angle3;
Vabs(3) = Vabs(3) + del_V3_mag;
lim_rad2 = abs(Vangle(2)-Vangle_old(2));
lim_rad3 = abs(Vangle(3)-Vangle_old(3));
lim_V3 = abs(Vabs(3)-Vabs_old(3));
end

V1 = Vabs(1)*exp(1i*Vangle(1));
V2 = Vabs(2)*exp(1i*Vangle(2));
V3 = Vabs(3)*exp(1i*Vangle(3));
S12 = V1*conj((V1-V2)/input(1,3))*basemva;
S21 = V2*conj((V2-V1)/input(1,3))*basemva;
S13 = V1*conj((V1-V3)/input(2,3))*basemva;
S31 = V3*conj((V3-V1)/input(2,3))*basemva;
S23 = V2*conj((V2-V3)/input(3,3))*basemva;
S32 = V3*conj((V3-V2)/input(3,3))*basemva;

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 10

 fprintf("Decoupled load flow method \n \n")
fprintf("The Bus voltages : \n \n")
fprintf(" 1.Bus-1: magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n",abs(V1),angle(V1))
fprintf(" 2.Bus-2: magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n",abs(V2),angle(V2))
fprintf(" 3.Bus-3: magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n",abs(V3),angle(V3))
fprintf("\n Active and Reactive Power flow in lines: \n \n")
fprintf(" 1.Active Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is %.2f MW\n",real(S12))
fprintf(" 2.Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S12))
fprintf(" 3.Active Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is %.2f MW\n",real(S21))
fprintf(" 4.Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S21))
fprintf(" 5.Active Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is %.2f MW\n",real(S23))
fprintf(" 6.Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S23))
fprintf(" 7.Active Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is %.2f MW\n",real(S32))
fprintf(" 8.Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S32))
fprintf(" 9.Active Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is %.2f MW\n",real(S13))
fprintf(" 10.Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S13))
fprintf(" 11.Active Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is %.2f MW\n",real(S31))
fprintf(" 12.Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is %.2f MVAr\n",imag(S31))

P12_loss=real(S12)+real(S21);
P13_loss=real(S13)+real(S31);
P23_loss=real(S23)+real(S32);
Q12_loss=imag(S12)+imag(S21);
Q13_loss=imag(S13)+imag(S31);
Q23_loss=imag(S23)+imag(S32);

fprintf("\n Active and Reactive power losses in the lines: \n \n")

fprintf(" 1.Active power loss in line(1,2) is %.2f MW\n",P12_loss)
fprintf(" 2.Reactive power loss in line(1,2) is %.2f MVAr\n",Q12_loss)
fprintf(" 3.Active power loss in line(2,3) is %.2f MW\n",P23_loss)
fprintf(" 4.Reactive power loss in line(2,3) is %.2f MVAr\n",Q23_loss)
fprintf(" 5.Active power loss in line(1,3) is %.2f MW\n",P13_loss)
fprintf(" 6.Reactive power loss in line(1,3) is %.2f MVAr\n",Q13_loss)

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 11

 P1=real(S12)+real(S13);
Q1=imag(S12)+imag(S13);

fprintf("\n Active and Reactive power supplied by Slack bus: \n \n")

fprintf(" 1.Active power supplied by slack bus is %.2f MW\n",P1)
fprintf(" 2.Reactive power supplied by slack bus is %.2f MVAr\n",Q1)

OUTPUT:
Decoupled load flow method

The Bus voltages :

1.Bus-1: magnitude = 1.025 V angle = 0.000000

2.Bus-2: magnitude = 1.030 V angle = 0.025286
3.Bus-3: magnitude = 0.970 V angle = -0.022535

Active and Reactive Power flow in lines:

1.Active Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is -46.54 MW

2.Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 2 is 13.69 MVAr
3.Active Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is 47.10 MW
4.Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 1 is -12.57 MVAr
5.Active Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is 253.13 MW
6.Reactive Power flow from bus 2 to 3 is 124.07 MVAr
7.Active Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is -243.77 MW
8.Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 2 is -105.35 MVAr
9.Active Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is 161.87 MW
10.Reactive Power flow from bus 1 to 3 is 144.45 MVAr
11.Active Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is -156.27 MW
12.Reactive Power flow from bus 3 to 1 is -133.25 MVAr

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 12

PROBLEM:
Compare the results obtained with that of Gauss-Seidel method. Write the inferences.

MATLAB CODE:
clc
clear all
BaseMVA=100;
V1=1.025*exp(1i*0);
mod_V2=1.03;
V2=1.03+0i;
P2=300/BaseMVA;
V3=1+0i;
P3=400/BaseMVA;
Q3=200/BaseMVA;
impedance=[1 2 0.05i;1 3 0.025i;2 3 0.025i];
n=max(impedance(:,2));
l=numel(impedance(:,1));
Ybus=zeros(n);

for r=1:1
p=impedance(r,1);
q=impedance(r,2);
X=impedance(r,3);
Ybus(p,q)=-Ybus(p,q)-1/X;
Ybus(q,p)=-Ybus(q,p)-1/X;
Ybus(p,p)=Ybus(p,p)+1/X;
Ybus(q,q)=Ybus(q,q)+1/X;
End

e2=1;
e3=1;
tolerance=0.0001;

while(e2>tolerance && e3>tolerance)

Q2=-imag(conj(V2)*((Ybus(2,1)*V1)+(Ybus(2,2)*V2)+(Ybus(2,3)*V3)));
V2_old=V2;
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 13
 V2=(1/Ybus(2,2))*(((complex(P2,-Q2))/conj(V2_old))-Ybus(2,1)*V1-Ybus(2,3)*V3);
V2=mod_V2*exp(1i*angle(V2));
e2=abs(V2-V2_old);
V3_old=V3;
V3=(1/Ybus(3,3))*(((complex(-P3,Q3))/conj(V3_old))-Ybus(3,1)*V1-Ybus(3,2)*V2);
e3=abs(V3-V3_old);
end

s12=V1*conj(-Ybus(1,2)*(V1-V2))*BaseMVA;
s13=V1*conj(-Ybus(1,3)*(V1-V3))*BaseMVA;
s21=V2*conj(-Ybus(2,1)*(V2-V1))*BaseMVA;
s23=V2*conj(-Ybus(2,3)*(V2-V3))*BaseMVA;
s31=V3*conj(-Ybus(3,1)*(V3-V1))*BaseMVA;
s32=V3*conj(-Ybus(3,2)*(V3-V2))*BaseMVA;
fprintf("Bus Voltage:\n \n")
fprintf('1.Bus-1:magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n',abs(V1),angle(V1))
fprintf("2.Bus-2:magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n",abs(V3),angle(V3))
fprintf('3.Bus-3:magnitude = %.3f V angle = %f \n',abs(V2),angle(V2))
fprintf('\n')
fprintf('Active Power flow\n')
fprintf('Bus 1-3 = %.2f MW\n',real(s13))
fprintf('Bus 2-3 = %.2f MW\n',real(s23))
fprintf('Bus 2-1 = %.2f MW\n',real(s21))
fprintf('Bus 3-1 = %.2f MW\n',real(s31))
fprintf('Bus 3-2 = %.2f MW\n',real(s32))
fprintf('Bus 1-2 = %.2f MW\n',real(s12))
fprintf('\n')
fprintf('Reactive power flow\n')
fprintf('Bus 1-3 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s13))
fprintf('Bus 2-3 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s23))
fprintf('Bus 2-1 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s21))
fprintf('Bus 3-1 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s31))
fprintf('Bus 3-2 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s32))
fprintf('Bus 1-2 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s12))
fprintf('\n')
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 14
 fprintf('Active Power loss\n')
fprintf('Bus 1-3 = %.2f MW\n',real(s12)+real(s21))
fprintf('Bus 2-3 = %.2f MW\n',real(s13)+real(31))
fprintf('Bus 1-2 = %.2f MW\n',real(s13)+real(31))
fprintf('\n')
fprintf('Reactive power loss\n')
fprintf('Bus 1-3 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s12)+imag(s21))
fprintf('Bus 2-3 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s13)+imag(31))
fprintf('Bus 1-2 = %.2f MW\n',imag(s13)+imag(31))
fprintf('\n')
fprintf('active power supplied by slack bus= %.2f\n',real(13)+real(31))
fprintf('Reactive power supplied by slack bus=%.2f\n',imag(13)+imag(31))

MATLAB OUTPUT:
Bus Voltage:
1.Bus-1:magnitude = 1.025 V angle = 0.000000
2.Bus-2:magnitude = 1.014 V angle = -0.036073
3.Bus-3:magnitude = 1.030 V angle = 0.023830
Active Power flow
Bus 1-3 = 149.92 MW
Bus 2-3 = 250.08 MW
Bus 2-1 = -150.31 MW
Bus 3-1 = 49.92 MW
Bus 3-2 = 250.08 MW
Bus 1-2 = 150.31 MW
Reactive power flow
Bus 1-3 = -8.14 MW
Bus 2-3 = -103.75 MW
Bus 2-1 = -100.90 MW
Bus 3-1 = -12.24 MW
Bus 3-2 = -157.73 MW
Bus 1-2 = -92.65 MW
Active Power flow
Bus 1-3 = 0.00 MW
Bus 2-3 = 0.00 MW
Bus 1-2 = 0.00 MW
EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 15
Reactive power loss
Bus 1-3 = 1.25 MW
Bus 2-3 = 18.42 MW
Bus 1-2 = 7.76 MW
active power supplied by slack bus= 99.61
Reactive power supplied by slack bus=90.49

OBSERVATIONS:
For Gauss Seidel:

• Slowest convergence
• Low computation time per iteration
• Number of iterations increases as size of system increases
• Requires less memory.
For Newton-Raphson:

• Fastest convergence
• High computation time per iteration
• Number of iterations is independent of size of system
• Requires more memory
For Decoupled:

• Faster convergence
• Low computation time per iteration
• Number of iterations is independent of size of system
• Requires less memory

EELR17 Power Systems Laboratory 16