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According to the World Health Organization (2021) Climate change is the single biggest
health threat facing humanity, and health professionals worldwide are already responding to the
health harms caused by this unfolding crisis. One of the factors that causes climate change is
Deforestation. Deforestation’s effects reach far beyond the people and animals where trees are
cut (Nunez, 2022). Forests continue to cover approximately 30% of the world's geographical
area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. In terms of climate change, removing trees
contributes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere while also removing the potential to absorb
Deforestation also threatens the world’s biodiversity. Tree families and other wildlife are
affected by deforestation. More quickly, tree loss in a forest might make soil more prone to
erosion. As the forest transitions from a confined, damp ecosystem to an open, dry one, the
remaining plants become more vulnerable to fire. Loss of habitats and the Earth's constant rise in
temperature are factors that harm wildlife species. Removing trees of the forest's canopy, which
shields the sun's rays during the day and retains heat at night. This disruption causes severe
This Chapter presents a brief review of literature and studies, both local and foreign that
is related to the researchers study. Below are the provided short literature reviews that were
AGRICULTURE IN KENYA
Deforestation is the practice of permanently removing or uprooting trees from the ground
to give rise to something else other than forests (Derouin, 2019). Forests cover over 4 billion
hectares of the Earth's land surface. 93 percent of the world's forests 93% natural, and the
remaining 7% are planted forests. The globe loses 10 million hectares of land each year.
2020, with around 1,400,000 hectares of forest land lost due to deforestation.
Three African nations are at the greatest risk of losing a section of forest, African
countries are at risk of losing a forested area, and if this scenario is not resolved, the continent
will be covered in deserts. The situation in Africa is complicated by deforestation, which affects
populations who rely on forests for food, shelter, and medicinal value.
Kenya's forest cover stood at 10% of the total landmass of the Republic of Kenya
in 1964. However, this has dropped to 6%. This reduction is alarming and it is projected that it
may reach a time when the forest cover in Kenya is only 3% and below. As a result, it reaches a
point when the people do not have sufficient amounts of food or economic activity and they turn
to deforestation such as lumbering so that they can sell these trees to the people who use them as
charcoal or they are further sold to the urban centers to be used as building materials
(Reliefweb.net, 2021).
According to Sean Pang (2021) The tree family Dipterocarpaceae dominates Southeast
Asian forests, and its quantity and diversity are critical to preserving the structure and function of
tropical forests. Dipterocarps, like most biodiversity, are endangered by deforestation and
climate change, thus understanding the possible implications of these challenges on existing and
future dipterocarp ranges is critical. Worldwide biodiversity loss is taking place at unprecedented
rates. Among the primary causes of biodiversity loss, the primary risks are anthropogenic land
use (i.e., habitat loss) and climate change. Land cover change immediately reduces the extent of
suitable habitat for resident species. these impacts the species persistence in fragmented
The effects of anthropogenic land use and climate change on the current and future
distributions of forest trees in the Philippines. It applied the well-established maximum entropy
modeling approach (MaxEnt) to model species distributions for the current and two 2070 climate
scenarios. The Philippines has also experienced intensive logging and agricultural expansion,
leaving only 3% of its primary forests intact and is exceptionally vulnerable to climate change.
The results revealed a high degree of variability in dipterocarp responses to climate
change. While some species were projected to remain relatively unaffected by climate change,
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/deforestation/
Njora, B. and Yilmaz, H. (2022). analysis of the effects of deforestation on the environment and
agriculture in kenya. Int. Journal of Water Management and Diplomacy. Retrieved from
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2112021
Nunez, C. (2022). Why deforestation matters—and what we can do to stop it. National Graphic.
Pang, S. et al (2021). Effects of climate change and land cover on the distributions of a critical
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79491-9
n.d. (2022). Climate change and health. World Health Organization. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health