INTRODUCTION TO HART

PROTOCOL

BY,
SANDHYA S.
1703099
HART PROTOCOL
HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Protocol is an
open standard used globally to send and receive digital information
using analog wiring between smart devices and control systems.
With over 30 million devices installed, it is the most popular
protocol used in the field.
HART was first available in the late 1980s and quickly gained in
popularity mainly due to its ability to continue to support the older
4-20 mA analog protocol while adding the significant benefits of
digital smart instrumentation.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) physical care for is the footing for the HART
communication.
The HART digital signal is made upwardly of 2 frequencies — 1,200 Hz as well as
2,200 Hz representing bits 1 as well as 0,
Sine waves of these 2 frequencies are superimposed on the at i time electrical
current (dc) analog signal to supply simultaneous analog as well as digital
communications.
Because the average value of the FSK signal is ever zero, the 4‐20mA analog
signal is non affected.
The HART protocol is oft called a hybrid protocol because it combines analog as
well as digital communication. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 typical HART setup
inwards a iv -20mA organisation
FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING
 CLASSES OF HART COMMANDS
There are three classes of HART commands: 1) Universal, 2)
Common Practice, and 3) Device Specific.
Universal commands are required to be implemented by all
HART devices. They are primarily used by a controller to identify
a field device and read process data.
Common Practice commands define functions that are generally
applicable only to field devices. These include commands to
change the range, select engineering units and perform self-tests.
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The third set of commands, Device Specific, are different for
each device. Device Specific commands implement unique
configuration and adjustment functions. It is important to note
that while devices from different manufacturers that externally
implement similar functionality—for example, differential
pressure measurement—may have completely different
hardware and a similarly different Device Specific command set.
OPERATION MODES
There are two main operational modes of HART instruments: point-to-point
(analog/digital) mode, and multi-drop mode.
Point to point:
In point-to-point mode the digital signals are overlaid on the 4–20 mA loop current.
Both the 4–20 mA current and the digital signal are valid signalling protocols
between the controller and measuring instrument or final control element.

The polling address of the instrument is set to "0". Only one instrument can be put
on each instrument cable signal pair. One signal, generally specified by the user, is
specified to be the 4–20 mA signal
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Multi-drop Mode:
In multi-drop mode the analog loop current is fixed at 4 mA and it is possible to
have more than one instrument on a signal loop.

HART revisions 3 through 5 allowed polling addresses of the instruments to be

in the range 1–15. HART revision 6 allowed addresses 1 to 63; HART revision
7 allows addresses 0 to 63. Each instrument must have a unique address.
APPLICATIONS OF HART
With over twenty five years of usage and tens of thousands of installations
HART technology is used in countless innovative applications.

HART Communication is the global standard for the process automation

industry. An estimated 80%-90% of all measurement and control devices
shipped each year are HART-enabled.

Users around the world get valuable process and diagnostic information from
their systems to enable them to avoid unplanned shutdowns, improve plant
reliability, lower maintenance cost and diagnose potential device problems
from anywhere within their enterprise.
THANK YOU