Apparel Washing, Dyeing and

Printing Online Class-2

Prepared by
Abir Khan
 Cotton garments dyeing process
• Dyeing process for 100kg cotton garments is described below:
Pre-treatment:
Desizing:
• For 100kg garments water at 1:5 liquor ratio that is 500 litre is loaded in the garments dyeing
machine together with 100kg garments. Machine is started and treatment continue as per
following recipe:
*Desizing agent at 2g/L=1kg
*Leonil SR at 1g/L=0.5kg
*Steam supplies to raise temp to 90c
*Time=15min
• After 15min liquor is dropped and then again 500ltr fresh water is loqaded and washing is
continued for 5mins at 60c to clean the garments. Then liquor is dropped.
Scouring and Bleaching:
• The machine is loaded with 500ltr water and process is continued with following recipe:
*Caustic Soda at 12%=12kg
*Hydrogen peroxide at 6%=6 litre
*Stabilizer at 3%=3 litre
*Wetting agent at 0.5%=0.5kg
*Temperature=95c
*Time=90min
Dyeing:
• Garments are loaded in machine with 1000litre water at 1:10 liquor ratio. Following substances
are added in the machine:
*Salt at 40%=40kg
*Lubricant at 1g/L=1kg
*Sequestering agent at 1ml/L=1litre
• The treatment is continued for 10mins and then liquor temp is rasied to 80c.
• Dye particles are added gradually with 15mins and process is continued for 20 to 30min.
• Then sodium carbonate is added at 5% to raise liquor PH to 9.5 slowly withing next 15mins.
• Then dyeing is contined for further 30 to 60 mins to improve level dyeing. After shade matching
the temp is reduced to 70c and the liquor is dropped.
• Again garments are loaded with 500l water and machine is started. Detergent at 2g/l is added and
temp is raised to 60c. Washing is continued for 10 to 15 mins.
• Then liquor is dropped and again 500l water is added with softener for softening. After dropping
the liquor the garments are unloaded.
The line diagram of dyeing cycle is shown below:
 Cotton garments dyeing with sulpher black
dyes
During garments dyeing some defectively dyed garments are produced. These are dyed with sulpher
black dyes. The process is described below:
• 150kg colored garments are loaded in machine at 1:10 liquor ratio. 1500 litre water is added.
Machine is started.
• Salt at 40% that is 60kg is added and liquor temp is raised to 60c by steam.
• After 15mins Sulpher black dye at 12% that is 18kg and sodium hydrosulphide at 14% that is 21kg
are added. Liqour temp is raised to 80c and process is continued for 120mins.
• After that temp is raised to 90c and 7.5kg sodium carbonate is added. Process is continued for
60mins.\Temp is reduced to 70c and liquor is dropped.
• To remove unfixed dyes at hot wash at 50c with 0.5% detergent is given.
• Sulpher dyed garments when stored may form sulphuric acid so 3% umidol SF paste may be
used to wash the garments.
Cotton sweater dyeing with pigment
Dyeing process of cotton sweater doesn’t require any desizing as there are no starch materials. The
pretreatment and dyeing process are described below:
Pretreatment:
A batch of 100kg cotton sweater is considered here. The garments are loaded in the machine with
2500litres water at 1:25 ratio.Machine is started and steam is supplied. Following chemicals are added:
*Detergent at 0.5g/L=1.25kg
*Soda ash at 2g/L=5kg
*Caustic soda at 3g/L=7.5kg
*Hydrogen peroxide at 3ml/L=7.5L
*Stabilizer at 1.5ml/L=3.75L
*Temp=90c
*Time=40mins
• Caustic soda removes impurities in the garments. Hydrogen peroxide
removes coloring matters. Stabilizer helps indirectly in bleaching action.
After processing time liquor is dropped.
• Again 1000L water is loaded and machine is started with following
chemicals:
*Cellulase enzyme at 1g/L=1kg
*Acetic acid to maintain PH=4.5
*Temp=55c
*Time=30mins
• The enzyme removes projecting fiber and acetic acid maintains PH to
4.5.Then liquor is dropped and again washed with water at 60c.
• Again machine is loaded with 1000L water with cationic agent and soda ash
to maintain PH8.5. rocess is continued for 10mins at cold temp.
• Temp is raised to 70c within 10mins.
Dyeing:
• Machine is loaded with 2500L water and 0.5% that is 500g pigment
Red H3BD dye materials is added and processed for 10mins at normal
temp.
• Then temp is raised to 70c within 15mins. Tratment is continued for
20mins at 70c the liquor is dropped.
• Again 1000L water is loaded and binder 1kg is added and processed
for 5mins.
• Again 1000L water is added and washed for 5mins to remove any
unfixed pigments. Softener can also be added for improving hand
feel.
• After process garments are dried in drying machine.