GLOBALIZATION
Direct Sales and Marketing
What is Globalization?
● Refers to the spread of the flow of
financial products, goods, technology,
information, and jobs across national
borders and cultures.
● It is the process of increasing the
interconnectivity and interdependence of
the world’s market and businesses, and
the integration of economics and
societies around the world, which has
been made possible by advances in
technology, communication, and
transportation.
Why study Globalization?
Globalization changes the way nations,
businesses and people interact. Specifically, it
changes the nature of economic activity among
nations, expanding trade, opening global supply
chains and providing access to natural
resources and labor markets.
Perspectives on Globalization
● Hyperglobalist Perspective - It views
the process of globalization as a
singular, totally legitimate, and forward-
moving form of unity.
● Skeptical Perspective - reacts to the
abstract nature of globalist theories,
which seem to lack empirical support
and make generalizations about
processes.
● Transformationalist Perspective - this
perspective suggests that globalization
is not unilateral, but rather a two-way
exchange of Western culture, with a new
and complex social order.
Approaches to Globalization
The different approaches of globalization are:
● Levitt’s Approach.
- globalization is an alleged consequence
of markets in the world.
- It is is the emergence of global markets
for standardized consumer products.
- A successful globalized corporation does
not abandon the practice of
customerization or differentiation.
● OhameKenichi’s Approach.“business
chain” approach—a global corporation
develops a genuine equidistance of
perspective i.e. managers with a truly global
orientation a firm passes through different
stages of development
1. Exporting
2.
3. Direct Production
4. Full Autonomy to overseas activities 5.
Global Integration
● Management Approach. Multinationals
develop integrated international
management system
● Export centered Global Approach.
Approach of globalization related to global
supplies
● Porter’s Approach proponent of the idea
that states compete and influence
globalization.—companies innovating in
nations develop comparative advantage
and factor endowments. Identified four
factors of nation-based competitiveness in
the process:
1. Factor conditions.
2. Demand conditions.
3. Related and supporting industries.
4. Firm structure, strategy and rivalry. ●
Michael Taylor and Nigel Tharift’s
Approach. The intricate interlocking of
subsidiaries, branches, and affiliates has
created the growing global company.
● Macro Fordist Approach globalization is
the process of trans-nationalization of
business. i.e. a relatively early stage in the
internationalization of the firm
4 Drivers of Globalization
● Economic Drivers – liberalization of
trade, capital flows, and foreign direct
investment
● Cultural Drivers –spread of media and
technology, and the increasing mobility
of people.
● Political Drivers – signing of
international treaties, formation of
regional economic blocs, and
emergence of supranational
organizations.
● Technological Drivers – development
of new communication and transport of
technologies
Evolution of Globalization
Early Modern Period
- Took place between 1500 CE
and 1750 CE
- rise of maritime European
empire
- The Age of Discovery brought
substantial cultural, material and
 biologic exchange between
Eurasia and Africa to New World
(the Americas)
Modern Period
- Happened between 1750 CE to
1970
- Industrialization
- shaped by nineteenth-century
imperialism
- Global trade
Contemporary Period
- Happened from 1970 up to
present
- Increase of interconnectedness
- Positive and negative
repercussions
Dimensions of Globalization
“Globalization is multifaceted.” - Ombudsman
Globalization has many forms, these
forms are interconnected with each
other and provides an integral role in the
development of countries. According to
Manfred B. Steger, a professor of
Global Studies, there are four
dimensions of globalization: economic,
political, cultural, and ecological.
● Economic
- This involves the stretching of
economic interrelations around
the globe, many countries share
interrelations particularly for the
trade of goods such as import
and exports.
- Free trade, refers to the
relationship of two or more
countries that agree on certain
conditions that affect trade in
goods, services, intellectual
property rights, etc.
Example:
European Union (27 European
coutries), borderless for trade,
adoption of euro in most
nations.
- Interdependence, the
dependence of two or more
countries to support their lack of
resource or other matters.
- Unequal growth/trade, wage
inequality, the downside of the
economic dimension where a
country exploits its workers by
giving low income jobs then
exporting their goods to sell at
an increased in profit.
● Political
- Expansion of political
interrelation
- Military, a subdomain of the
political dimension. It is defined
as the intensification and
stretching of military power
aournf the globe. It is the use of
military power for offensive of
defensive means. Example of
this is the United Nations that
extends its military means
globally through the support of
various countries.
- Global Governance, the act of
providing public goods for
peace, justice, security, and
mediation systems for conflict.
- Neocolonialism - use of political,
economic, cultural, or other
pressures to gain control or
influence other countries
● Cultural
- Refers to the expansion of
cultural flows in the world where
people consume and appreciate
the influence of other countries
in cuisine, arts, sports, etc.
Example:
Foreign movies getting popular in
the Philippines
The rise of Chinatowns in other
counties.
- “The symbolic, construction,
articulation, and dissemination
of meaning.” Steger
- Consumerism - promotion and
consumption of globally traded
goods
● Ecological/Environmental
- Population growth, the human
population grows exponential
while resources grow linearly
meaning that more resources
are needed to provide for the
growing population.
- Climate change, the
disadvantage of globalization
where people exploit the Earth’s
resources in turn for
 development. This also involves
the transport of goods where the
farther it is transported more
greenhouse gases is released
because of the dependence of
fossil fuels to transport it.
- Decline of biodiversity
- Environmental degradation
Other Dimensions
● Technological
- Ever since the
Industrial Revolution
(1760-1840), technology
has advanced drastically to the
point that people can easily
contact each other across the
globe.
- Technology-driven world
Advancement of information
communication technology(ICT)
and transportation.

● Social
- This refers to to the life and
work of people, employment
- Migration of labor

Example:
The Philippines are also known
because of the number of OFWs
(Overseas Filipino Workers)
working abroad.

- Sharing of ideas and information

between and through different
countries (e.g. TV shows,
movies, etc.)
- Threat to indigenous culture,
marginalization. While
indigenous can benefit from
globalization because they can
sell and promote their products,
globalization has had a more
negative impact on them.
Indigenous groups are displaced
because of resource exploitation
and their culture is also at risk
because of the lack of influence
to protect their culture and land
from more powerful outsiders.
Writing Research Paper
What is a Research Paper?
According to Purdue University, a
research paper is an academic writing project
that represents the climax of a protracted
process of investigation, analysis, source
evaluation, organization, and composition.
Perhaps it is good to picture the research
paper as a living creature that grows and
changes as the student reads, analyses, and
assesses sources that are relevant to a given
topic. A research paper's primary and
secondary sources are its blood and food;
without their assistance and interaction, the
paper would mutate into a different kind of
writing.
A research paper is also similar to
writing a very long essay in which you express
your own opinions and interpretation of a
particular topic. A research paper, however,
requires studying and surveying a specific
area of study to obtain the best available
information in that field, as opposed to an
essay where you only input what you know
about a subject. You could say that writing a
research paper is the most effective way to
share information across a wide network.
College classes frequently use research
papers to evaluate a student's understanding
of a particular subject or their research abilities
in general. With this newly acquired
knowledge, students can share it with others
by allowing them to build on previously
published research papers to create their own
original research.
Research paper writing can be
challenging for some and easy for others. It is
all about bringing the research findings in a
manner that can be easily understood and
accepted by the target audience.
Importance of Writing a Research Paper:
1. For students: Research papers are
an important part of higher education
since they enhance students' ability to
think critically and analyze information.
Students acquire an understanding of
data collection and analysis, source
evaluation, and argumentation through
research. Also, research papers help
students in developing their writing
abilities, which are crucial for success
in a number of different fields.
2. For education: Research papers are
a vital part of academic research and
expands knowledge in various areas in
education. Research papers are often
used as a basis for further research
and are the foundation of many
academic debates and discussions.
3. For professionals: Research papers
are an important tool for professionals
in many fields, including medicine,
engineering, and social sciences. By
staying up-to-date with the latest
research in their field, professionals
can improve their knowledge and
skills, which can help them to advance
their careers and make a significant
contribution to their field.
4. For society: Research papers have a
significant impact on society, as they
focus on various aspects of life,
including health, politics, economics,
and social issues. Research papers
can influence public opinion, and they
can also help provide solutions to
some of the most pressing issues our
society is currently dealing with..
Benefits of Writing a Research Paper:
1. Improve academic and research
skills. To demonstrate their ability to
understand how to start future
scholarly works, find an answer to a
question scientifically, relate what has
been learned, receive critical peer
feedback, and learn more strategically
and effectively. Writing a research
paper also helps develop our reading
and writing skills, critical thinking, and
analytical skills to define how to
represent the data you have found.
2. Skill to handle difficult tasks.
Process of writing a research paper is
an extremely difficult and
overwhelming project that students
must accomplish. Considering that it
needs anyone to give up their time,
money, energy, and sleep in order to
complete this assignment, writing and
publishing a research paper is a major
accomplishment by itself. We should
 feel more capable and confident to
take on more difficult tasks after
completing it.
3. Sharing of Knowledge. Writing a
research paper introduces us to new
concepts and information that may
help our research. In addition to
gathering information, we would also
have the ability of sharing knowledge
when publishing the research paper so
that anyone can read it, evaluate it,
and learn from it.
Types of Research Paper
1. Analytical Research Paper - this
paper will revolve on one research
question wherein an in depth analysis
about the topic will be done. The
researcher will gather related data
from different reliable sources which
may have multiple views in order to
come up with a new perspective or at
least, an interpretation of these data.
However, when gathering different
points of views, the researcher should
be objective throughout the paper. All
parts of the data should be presented
equally and being biased where one
will oppose and support the other is
not applicable.
2. Argumentative Research Paper - it
will tackle controversial topics which
have more than one side. The
researcher should be able to throw
arguments which are supported by
evidence such as proven facts and
statistical data. This paper is also
called Persuasive Research Paper
since the researcher is encouraged to
share their personal point of view and
should be able to defend their side
while persuading the readers to side
with them.
3. Compare and Contrast Research
Paper - two sides, may be opposing
which are from the same category or
genre are involved in this paper. The
researcher will discuss their
differences and their similarities,
determining both their advantages and
disadvantages. There are instances
where the writer will support one side
in the end after weighing the two
differing sides.
4. Cause and Effect Research Paper -
it analyses a specific issue, may it be
an action or and an event, determining
what it will result into or what impacts it
will have on different aspects and
discussing how it will lead into that
particular effect. It can also be
reversed, tracing what causes an
event to occur, determining the details
as to why it is happening now.
5. Interpretative Paper - this paper is
kind of similar with Analytical
Research Paper but this time, it will be
based on an established theoretical
framework, knowledge from a certain
case study. It should also have strong
supporting evidence and a concrete
conclusion at the end.
6. Definition Research Paper - this
paper simply explains a topic, covering
all the details involved and the basic
facts of it. It should be objective and
no emotional persuasion should be
presented.
7. Experimental Research Paper - in
this paper, the data gathered are from
experiments which commonly have
multiple trials, performed by the
researchers. This is common in the
branches Chemistry, Physics, and
Biology. Through experiments, the
theories created by the researcher will
be either proven or debunked. It will
explain the phenomenons using
thorough observation or analysis. It
also often discusses the relationship of
the variables involved.
8. Survey Research Paper - the
respondents, which are from the same
groups or just randomly chosen, will
play the biggest role since their
 answers to the surveys or questions
will be the data that is analysed by the
researcher. At the end of the paper,
the researcher should be able to draw
a conclusion based on their
responses.
Structure and Format of Research Paper
ABSTRACT
- One-paragraph summary of the entire
research and is usually less than or
equal to 250 words. An overview of the
study.
- An abstract is a concise summary of a
research paper or entire thesis.
INTRODUCTION
“What is the topic and why is
it worth studying?”
The first major section in the
paper.
● Describes the topic of the study.
● Discusses and summarizes the
significant findings or data related to
the study.
● Identifies the problem or the
unresolved issues.
- The introduction to a research paper is
where you set up your topic and
approach for the reader. Present your
topic and get the reader interested.
Provide background or summarize
existing research
- In introduction it should include the
background of the study, statement of
the problem, objectives of the study
and scope and limitations.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
● Presentation of the collected/studied
sources used in the research.
● Synthesis
- Choose published articles that are
relevant to your research which will
serve as the framework of your study.
The RRL can have several sub topics
depending on the scope of your
research.
METHODOLOGY
“What did you do?”
A detailed section of how the research
was conducted.
● Description of the
samples/subjects/participants
used in the study.
● Equipment and materials
used in the study. ● Procedure.
Should be detailed enough to allow
the duplication of the research.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
“What did you find and
what is the significance of
your results?”
A section that describes and
summarizes the collected data.
● Results of statistical
analysis.
● Implications of the results on
the problem of the study.
CONCLUSION
● Succinctly reiterate the
thesis statement, methodology,
and analyzed data.
● Limitations and directions for
future research.
REFERENCES
● Alphabetized list of the cited
books and articles.
Citing and Referencing in Writing Research
Paper
Citation
● A “citation” is the way you tell
your readers that certain
material in your work came
from another source.
Reference
● A reference gives the readers
details about the source so
that they have a good
understanding of what kind of
source it is and could find the
source themselves if
necessary.
Importance of Citation
● It gives proper credit to the
authors of the words or ideas
that you incorporated into your
paper.
● It allows those who are
reading your work to locate
your sources.
● Helps avoid committing
plagiarism in your writing.
Methods of Citation
1. Quoting
● Quotations must be identical
to the original, using a small
section of the source. Quotes
match the source document
word for word and must be
attributed to the original
author.
2. Paraphrasing
● Involves putting information
from source material into your
own words.
● When paraphrasing, do not
add your own opinion or use
the original wording. The
purpose of paraphrasing is to
express the ideas of others in
your own words.
3. Summarizing
● Also involves putting the main
idea(s) into your own words,
which include the main
point(s) only. Plagiarism
● Act of presenting another’s
work or ideas as your own
with or without consent of the
original author.
● Using someone else’s work
without giving them proper
credit
Citation Styles
1. APA (American
Psychological Association) is
used by Education,
Psychology, and Sciences
- Author's surname. initial(s).
(Date Published). Title of
source. Location of
publisher: publisher.
Retrieved from URL
-
2. MLA (Modern Language Association)
style is used by the Humanities.
- Author name(s). Article
Title". Title of container,
contributors, version,
numbers, date of
publication, location. Title of
database,
DOl or URL
Introduction of Ideological Dimensions of
Globalization
- Ideological dimensions of globalization refer to the
different ways in which people perceive and
interpret the phenomenon of globalization. The
merging of economies, civilizations, and cultures
across international boundaries is a multifaceted
process known as globalization. Depending on
their social, economic, and political goals and
values, various people and organizations have
various ideological perspectives on
globalization.
Definitions of Ideology, Dimension, and
Globalization
*Ideology: Ideology refers to a set of beliefs, values,
and ideas that shape and influence a person's or
group's perspective on social, political, and
economic issues. An ideology can be a system of
thought, a political theory, or a worldview that provides a
framework for understanding and interpreting the world.
Ideology can shape how people interpret and respond to
the various dimensions of globalization, and pwede rin
po nila mainfluence ang iba the ways in which
globalization affects different groups and societies
around the world.
Dimension: A dimension is a measurable feature or
attribute of a phenomenon, an object, or a system. It can
be used to indicate a variety of characteristics, including
something's size, form, amount, or quality.
The dimension of globalization refers to the different
aspects or areas in which globalization can be observed,
such as economic, political, cultural, environmental, and
technological dimensions.The relationship between
dimension and ideological perspective in globalization is
complex, with different perspectives highlighting different
aspects of the phenomenon and offering contrasting
interpretations of its impacts and implications.
*Globalization refers to the increasing
interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's
economies, societies, and cultures.
Globalization is a complex process that involves the
integration of economies, societies, and cultures across
national borders. Different people and groups have
different ideological perspectives on globalization,
depending on their social, economic, and political
interests and values. The relationship between
globalization and ideological perspective is closely
intertwined, with different ideological perspectives
shaping the ways in which globalization is understood,
evaluated, and responded to.
Elements of ideology in Globalization
Liberalism - Liberalism is a political and moral ideology
centered on individual rights, liberty, consent of the
governed, political equality, and equality before the law.
Liberals hold diverse positions based on their perception
of these ideas.
Example: Modern Liberalism encompasses topics such
as same-sex marriage, transgender rights, the abolition
of the death penalty, reproductive and other women's
rights, voting rights for all adult citizens, civil rights,
environmental justice, and government protection of the
right to a decent standard of life.
Democracy - Liberal democracies are characterized
by-elections between multiple political parties, a
separation of powers, the rule of law, a market economy,
and the just protection of human rights. Liberal
democracies originated in 18th-century Europe, also
known as the Age of Enlightenment.
Secularism - The separation of church and state
defines the political distance between religious
organizations and the government.
Free markets - A free market is an economic system
that is often associated with liberalism. The prices of
goods and services in a free market system are
determined by supply and demand.
These markets ideally operate without the involvement
of any external authority.
Capitalism - Capitalism is an economic system based
on private ownership of the means of production.
Definitions of capitalism can vary, but capitalist systems
are generally characterized by capital accumulation,
meritocracy, competitive markets, the existence of
private property, voluntary exchange, and wage labor
(Heilbroner, 2017).
Equality before the law - Equality before the law is the
principle that all people, regardless of personal factors,
must be equally protected by the law. This means that
minorities, in particular, have the same rights as any
other person in a courtroom. The court should not be
biased against people based on their status, and they
should not preference anyone based on their wealth or
social standing.
Freedom Of The Press - Freedom of the press is a
fundamental right in liberal states. It states that
communication and expression through various media
should be free.
Freedom Of Speech - Limitations to free speech often
include libel, slander, obscenity, incitement, hate
speech, copyright violation, non-disclosure agreements,
and so on.
Private Property Rights - individuals’ rights to own the
land on which they work.
- Modern private property rights emerged in
17th Century England when John Locke
proposed the labor theory of property and
argued that property was one of eight
natural rights.
- Right to Life
- Right to Liberty (Freedom)
- Right to own a property
- Right to freedom of thought
- Right to freedom of speech
- Right to make a living
- Right to practice your religion
- Right to have a family
Cosmopolitanism - Cosmopolitanism is the belief that
all humans are members of a single community. Its
followers are referred to as cosmopolitans or
cosmopolites. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and
aspirational, thinking that people may and should be
"global citizens" in a "universal society."
Example: for example, Kwame Anthony Appiah,
articulates a cosmopolitan society in which persons from
many areas join relationships of mutual respect
notwithstanding their varied ideologies (religious, and
political). Immanuel Kant, on the other hand, envisioned
a cosmopolitan society in which armies were abolished
and humanity were controlled by a representative
universal organization. In such cases, proponents of
cosmopolitanism emphasize the need of all people
forming one cohesive and united community.
- a political cosmopolitan should support
open borders. They would argue that we
should fairly distribute natural and social
resources among counties. We should
donate covid vaccinations to Africa, South
America, etc.
Communitarianism - Communitarianism is an ideology
that stresses the individual's connection to the
community. Its overarching theory is founded on the
notion that communal interactions shape a person's
social identity and personality, with individuality receiving
less development. Although the community may be a
family, communitarianism is typically viewed in a
broader, philosophical meaning as a set of interactions
among a community of individuals in a certain place
(geographic location), or among a community who share
an interest or a history.
● Philosophical communitarianism considers
classical liberalism to be ontologically and
epistemologically incoherent and opposes it on
those grounds. Unlike classical liberalism, which
construes communities as originating from the
voluntary acts of pre-community individuals, it
emphasizes the role of the community in
defining and shaping individuals.
● Ideological communitarianism is
characterized as a radical centrist ideology that
is sometimes marked by socially conservative
and economically interventionist policies. This
usage was coined recently. When the term is
capitalized, it usually refers to the Responsive
Communitarian movement of Amitai Etzioni and
other philosophers.
Example: These may include state-subsidized
education, state-subsidized housing, a safe and clean
environment, universal health care, and even the right to
a job with the concomitant obligation of the government
or individuals to provide one.
Statism - Statism is the idea in political science that the
political power of the state is valid to some extent. This
may encompass economic and social policies, including
taxation and production methods.
- The theory or practice of concentrating economic
and political power in the state, resulting in a
weak position for the individual or community
with respect to the government.
- “State” refers to centralized executive authority
(administration of laws, management of national
budgets and maintenance of what is sometimes
called "monopoly on violence"
-- police and military establishments).
Thus the words "statism" and "statist" describe
institutions and political practices in which executive
authority gathers increasing levels and varieties of power
into its hands.
● Economic statism promotes the view that the
state has a major, necessary, and legitimate role
in directing the major aspects of the economy,
either directly through state-owned enterprises
and economic planning of production, or
indirectly through economic interventionism and
macro-economic regulation.
Example: Statism may take numerous forms, from tiny
to large. Such as a night-watchman state, to protect
citizens against violence, robbery, violation of contract,
and fraud perpetrated by the military, police, and courts.
Functions of ideology
Ideology is a set of strong ideas that affect
people’s way of thinking and acting, encouraging them to
have particular social, economical, and political behavior.
 (1) explaining social, political, and economic
conditions that people face;
example, a Marxist ideology defines “wars as an
outgrowth of capitalists’ competition for foreign markets”,
and a Fascist one interprets wars as “tests of one’s
national ‘will’ against another’s” Thus, it can be seen that
through different ideologies, theorists aim to answer the
complicated questions society asks such as
(1) why people fight against each other?;
(2) what causes economic problems?;
(3) what stands behind national hatred?; and so on.
(2) evaluating social conditions;
This means that ideology helps people give an appraisal
of the events that
take place around them. This is different from merely
explaining why things happen because if one knows the
reasons for some occurrences, this does not mean that
he or she can decide whether they are positive or
negative. Therefore, ideology is intended to assess the
developments that occur in the world. Ideology does not
only answer the question of why wars happen, but it also
helps people find explanations to the other important
matters such as “are all wars evils to be avoided or are
some morally justifiable?
(3) orienting people to help them find their place
in society;
this idea by saying that ideology “orients people so that
they can see how they fit into society’ This means that
ideology assists people in developing their sense of
identity or understanding who they are, what their race
is, what their social position is, etc. if an individual is a
communist, he or she will like to think of oneself as a
member of the working class, who strives to release the
other people from the burden of capitalist exploitation.
(4) dictating a plan of social and political
actions.
this means that ideology gives people directions
concerning what they should
do, and how exactly they should do it.
For example, instructors in gyms say what people
should do to lose weight or become healthier; or doctors
in hospitals recommend treatment for people to recover
from their diseases. In the same way, ideologists
recommend people what they should do to live in
particular social, economical, and political conditions.
Social imaginary and its significance
The social imaginary is the imaginary system that holds
society together. It provides the web of meanings and
structures that guide our collective and individual actions
and values.
Taylor defines social imaginary as ''common under-
standing that makes possible common practices and
a widely shared sense of legitimacy''
Its Significance: Social imaginaries are macro-
mappings(organizing details) of social and political
space through which we perceive, judge, and act in the
world. These deep-seated modes of understanding
provide the most general parameters within which
people imagine their communal existence.
Traditional and modern ideology
• Traditional ideology and modern ideology are
two opposing views that have been at odds for
the longest time. Modern ideology places a
stronger emphasis on progress, innovation, and
change than traditional ideology, which
emphasizes the value of conserving the past
and upholding cultural and societal standards.
• Traditional ideology maintains that social norms
and conventions should not be altered or
questioned and that the past should be
preserved and honored. This point of view
places a strong emphasis on the role that
tradition, religion, and community have in
forming one's identity and morals.
• Traditional ideology also values stability and
order, and views change as a threat to the
established social order.
• Modern ideologies, on the other hand, place a
strong emphasis on change, innovation, and
advancement.
• This point of view emphasizes the value of
personal freedom and autonomy while
acknowledging the value of novel concepts,
scientific discoveries, and technological
breakthroughs. Diversity and individualism are
highly regarded in modern philosophy, which
also sees change as a chance for advancement.
While traditional and modern ideas both have
advantages, it's crucial to find a healthy balance
between the two. Purely traditional societies run the risk
of stagnating and developing a resistance to change,
which can impede advancement and growth.
• A fully modern society, on the other hand, runs
the risk of being estranged from the morals and
traditions that have helped to define its identity.
One example is the concept of gender roles.
Traditionally, many societies held the belief that men
should be the primary breadwinners and leaders, while
women should stay at home and take care of the
household and children. This traditional ideology
emphasized the importance of strict gender roles and
traditional family structures.
In contrast, modern ideology places a greater emphasis
on gender equality and breaking down gender
stereotypes. Many people believe that women should
have equal opportunities and access to education and
careers, and that men should also be involved in
domestic responsibilities and childcare. This modern
ideology seeks to challenge traditional gender roles and
promote greater equality and inclusivity in society.
Emerging ideology of Globalism
let us Define Globalism?
• According to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary,
Globalism is a national Policy of treating the whole
world as a proper sphere for political influence.
• According to the site The Globalist, at its core, seeks
to describe and explain nothing more than a world
which is characterized by networks of connections
that span multi-continental distances. It is a
phenomenon with ancient roots. Thus, the issue is
not how old globalism is, but rather how “thin” or
“thick” it is at any given time.
What is the Difference between Globalization and
Globalism?
Globalism is an ideology based on the belief that people,
information, and goods should be able to cross national
borders unrestricted, while globalization is the spread of
technology, products, information, and jobs across nations.
Ideologies of Globalization
● Market Globalism
o advocates promise a consumerist, neoliberal,
free-market world. This ideology is held by many
powerful individuals, who claim it transmits
democracy and benefits everyone. However, it
also reinforces inequality, and can be politically
motivated.
o It is a discourse of globalism that advocates a
consumerist, free market world
▪ Corporate managers
▪ Executives of large transnational
organizations
▪ Corporate lobbyist
▪ Influential Journalists
▪ Politician
o Another common marketing globalization strategy
involves hiring local teams to lead international
campaigns. Many companies choose to either send
employees or hire people from those countries to
oversee the marketing process.
Major Claims of Market Globalism
• Globalization is about Liberalization and
global integration of markets
• Globalization is inevitable and reversible
• Nobody is in charge in Globalization
• Globalization benefits
• Globalization furthers the spread of
democracy
Debunking Claim #4
o According to Manfred Steger (2017), marked
dynamics usually result in:
o Unequal spread of opportunities and rewards of
Globalism
o Concentration of power and wealth amongst a select
group of people.
Justice Globalism
o Envisages a global civil society with fairer
relationships and environmental safeguards. They
disagree with market globalists who view
neoliberalism as the only way.
o It refers to the values that are related to social
justice movements, and envisions the creation of a
new world order in which wealth and power are
redistributed globally
Justice Globalism accuses market globalist of pushing
policies that leads to:
▪ Greater Global Inequality
▪ High Levels of Unemployment
▪ Environment Degradation
▪ The Demise of Social Welfare ○ Global New Deal
o strive for a global religious community with
superiority over secular structures.
o provided the very first forms of governance.
Mani describes the utmost respect and worship
of the environment which provided and
sustained life to its tenants, as a part of ‘early
religions’. These religions, which evolved into
more active, formal institutions, built monuments
and buildings on, “Geographical locations [that]
were most replete with electromagnetic energy,”
thus verifying the interconnectedness between
early religions and the environment (Mani 150).
 o the centralized power that controlled societies
(much like modern governmental institutions).
Although starting in the 1960s, theories of social
and political secularization began to become
more popular, in 2000 about 87% of the world
population still claimed to be religious (Mani
150–151). It is, thereby, impossible to remove
the role of religion from the conversation of
globalization. This is especially true, too, when it
comes to the role of government, the reach of
the economy, and the aspiration of equality
woworldwide.
o By acknowledging that religion drives the evolution
of social/political life on earth, we can make wiser,
more ethical decisions about what policies to adopt
for the future of globalization and the most people
possible.
Six core claims of globalization
1. Globalization Is About the Liberalization and Global
Integration of Markets
-The triumph of markets over governments
remains at the center of globalization.
-Markets are the driving factor behind global
order.
- As an effect, globalization power
is overly controlled (taxation, crime
prevention,anti-competition policies, social
services, etc.)
- It can allow those people who want to
open a business in the free market
2. Globalization is Inevitable and Irreversible - Globality
is the endpoint. It cannot be stopped.
Examples:
- Market will help us reach the
end point.
- Due to the growing demand on
all aspects of the globalized market of
developed and developing countries.
3. Nobody is in Charge of Globalization
- If market forces decide our
history's path, no social class or group can
dominate the globalization agenda.(Steger,
2005) Globalization should not include the goal
of any particular class or group.
Examples:
- Globalist are not dictating their
on agenda to the people- Reason why there’s
nobody in charge: most countries are
possessive of their own economy
4. Globalization Benefits Everyone
- Globalization brings "Economic
Growth", Many people are lifted out of
poverty and the middle class has been
expanded
- Rapid dissemination of
information, technological innovation,
growth of skilled jobs.(Steger, 2005)
Examples:
Businessman’s: Steve Jobs (Apple)
gained wealth by trading. Trade to
other countries like Libya, South
Korea, Bhutan, and etc.
5. Globalization Furthers the Spread of Democracy in
The World
- Democracy, free market, freedom, and
free trade are similar, according to the globalists
belief.
Examples:
Act of voting- We have the freedom to pick
our leaders for our country.
Human rights-A basic right that everyone
needs to respect and follow
6. Globalization Requires War on Terror
Meaning:-Terrorism stalls global free trade
and economic growth
Examples:
-The 9-1-1 attack- which joins the possibility of
financial globalization with the Americanbrand of
traditional international strategy (straightforwardly
aggressive and nationalistic).
In conclusion, globalization has a huge effect in terms of
economies, civilization, and cultures of different places
or countries. Learning the Ideological dimensions of
globalization makes us know how transactions work,
how information spreads into different places, and how it
benefits everyone. Since nobody is in charge of
globalization, anyone can be part of it and be able to
start a change with it.