GST 111

Use of English 1
A STUDY GUIDE TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUCCESS ……………….

TONI-ENGINE COURTESTY: SPE ‘019

 SOUNDS AND SOUND-RELATED ELEMENTS ------------ Compiled by Toni-engine*
1) The placement on emphasis on a syllable in a word during articulation is known as _______________
(a) Syllabication (b) accentuation (c) motivation (d) emaciation Ans: ACCENTUATION or STRESS
2) _________________ is Vowel No: 10 (a) /ᴣ:/ (b) /ə/ (c) /ɒ/ (d) /ʌ/ Ans: /ʌ/
3) In each of the word below insert the stress mark at the appropriate place
Inter Ans: /’intə(r) /
Success Ans: /sək’ses/
Madam Ans: / ‘mædəm/
Advice Ans: /əd’vais/
Advise Ans: /əd’vaiz/
4) The word debt, subtle, plumber and bomber have the /b/ sound silent TRUE or FALSE? Ans: TRUE
5) The English Language has 20 pure vowels TRUE or FALSE? Ans: FALSE; it has 12 Pure Vowels
(Monopthongs) and 8 diphthongs
6) The words accommodation, evidence, information and equipment take “an” TRUE or FALSE
Ans: TRUE
7) Stress placement may be used to determine a) word class b) tone c) tense d) etymology
Ans: Tense
8) Which of this word is stressed on the first syllable a) Success b) Address c) Mistake d) Apron
Ans Apron/’eiprən/
N/B the following words are stressed on their second syllable Success/sək’ses/, address /ə’dres/,
mistake/mi’steik/, request /ri’kwest/, advice/əd’vais/ advise /əd’vaiz/
9) Dipthongs are also called_________ Ans: Gliding vowels
10) The fusion of two vowels results in________ Ans: Dipthongs
11) Which of these contains the /j/ sound? a) Joy b) oil c) ewe d) gem Ans: ewe /ju:/
12) Vowel sounds identified with numbers are called_____ Ans: Monopthongs
13) English sounds are represented by______ Ans: Phonetic Symbols
14) Stress placement may be used to determine a) tense b) word class c) etymology d) syntax
Ans: Tense
Tense: (Phonetics)(of a speech) Produced with muscles of speech organs stretched tight
Word class: One of the classes into which words are divided according to their grammar e.g
Noun, Verb, Pronoun etc SYN---Part of speech
Etymology: *the study and history of words * the origin and history of a particular word
Syntax: the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language
15) Breaking of words at line- ending can be guided by a)tense b) cues c) syntax d) syllabication
Ans: syllabication
16) Monopthongs are either short or long; but all dipthongs are _________ Ans: Long
17) The giving of prominence or emphasis to a part of a word in pronunciation is known
as__________ Ans: Stress or Accentuation
18) The rising and falling tones in English Language are referred to as_____ Ans: Intonation
19) The English language has 12 vowels sounds a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: FALSE * it has 20
vowel sounds of which 12 are pure vowel sounds(monopthongs) and 8 dipthong
20) The words advice, advise, mistake, address & request has the stress mark on the first syllable
a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: FALSE * Check the notes under question 8
21) The words information, accommodation, evidence & equipment take “an” for their singular
a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: TRUE
22) The words debt, subtle, plumber and bomb has the /b/ sound pronounced a) True b) False c) No
idea Ans: FALSE * the /b/ sound is silent on the above words hence it is not pronounced
23) The words at the top of a dictionary page are called ______Ans: Headwords
24) The section of the dictionary that precedes main word entries is called ________ Ans : Preface
N/B: This material is not for sale….
 LISTENING-------------------- Compiled by Toni-engine*
Listening is essentially” an active and purposeful process in which the listener participates and makes a
positive contribution by bringing his powers of concentration to bear on what he hears”
It is a Psycho-cognitive activity.
1) Listening is a/an _______ activity (a) Indifferent (b) Passive (c) Active (d) Thorough Ans: Active
2) Signals which a listener watches out for during listening are called_____(a) acoustics (b) cues
(c) messages (d) tins Ans: Cues
3) There is essentially no difference between listening and hearing TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
4) Non- verbal cues are communicated through (a)dictionary (b) vocabulary development
(c) word class (d) gestures Ans: Gestures
5) Points inferred from the speaker’s statements and tone are obtained through______ cues
Ans: Verbal Cues
6) One of this is common to both listening and hearing (a) Concentration (b) Purpose (c) Interest
(d) Auditory Organ Ans: Auditory Organs
7) Listening is a voluntary activity while Hearing is ___________ Ans: Involuntary
8) Facial expression and gestures constitute ________ message cues Ans: Non-Verbal Cues
9) _______ refers to the ability merely to perceive sound Ans: Hearing
10) _______ involves exclusive attention to, as well as conscious processing, analysis, understanding
and evaluation of the text Ans: Listening
11) Two factors which enhance effective listening are____ &______ Ans: Concentration & Interest
12) Two Factors which hinders effective listening are _____&______
Ans: Hearing Impairment & Lack of Concentration
13) Two possible distractions in a speaker, which the listerner must contend with are ___&_____
Ans: Engaging in side talk & Looking away
14) Non-Verbal Cues which a listener may observe include ______&_______
Ans: Taking notes and Following the speaker’s line of argument
15) Identify the Verbal cues giving examples for each
a) Central Message Cues-- “the main point here is…”,” it is important to note that”…,
”I shall focus attention on…..”, “I intend to concentrate on…..”
b) Additional Message Cues—“In addition”, “Moreover”, “Also”
c) Enumeration Cues---- “First”, “Second”, “Third”, “Number one”, ”Number two” etc…
d) Concessional Position Cues—“However”, “None the less”, “In spite of”,
“Notwithstanding that”
e) Implicit Message Cues--- This cue signals major points or deductions implied by the speaker
from which the intelligent listener constructs the opinion or verdict of the speaker, e.gs “I have
told my side of the story, I leave you to decide who tells the truth”, “who am I to say that my
senior colleague is wrong”
f) Concluding Message Cues--- “All in all”, “on the whole”, “In conclusion”, “To conclude”, “In
summary”
16) Two ways of improving attention includes____&_____ Ans: Increasing the level of concentration
and developing keen interest
17) The main difference between listening and hearing is that____ Ans: Listening is an active activity
while hearing is a merely passive activity
18) The foundation of listening is ______ a) Hearing with concentration b) Concentration without
hearing c) Speaking d) Silence Ans: Hearing with concentration
19) The listener normally brings his/her powers of ears to bear on what is heard TRUE or FALSE
Ans: FALSE; (The listener brings his powers of concentration to what is heard and not his
powers of ears)
20) Listening is mutually inseparable from the other two skills of language TRUE or FALSE
Ans: FALSE (N/B there are four skills of Language, and not two of which are LISTENING,
READING, WRITING & SPEAKING}
21) Listening and Hearing are similar on account of a person’s competence in the Language of
communication TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
22) The phrase “none-the-less” signals concession TRUE or FALSE Ans: TRUE Check question 15*
23) Unlike Listening, reading is a receptive activity TRUE or FALSE Ans FALSE Both reading and
listening are receptive activities
24) Signals which a listener watches out for during note taking are called_____ Ans: Cues
25) Which one of this is common to both listening and hearing a) concentration b) purpose c) interest
d) auditory organ Ans: Auditory organ
26) Listening is one of the four skills of language a) True b) False c) No idea d) None of the above
Ans: TRUE
27) Exclusive attention otherwise called INTEREST is essential for effective listening a) True b) False c)
No idea Ans: False
28) Ladies and Gentlemen please “note the point” The message cue here is Implicit a) True b) False c)
No idea Ans: False Its is a Central message cue *Check No.15 for more emphasis
READING ----------------------- Compiled by Toni-engine*
1) Reading is a ____ process (a) Visual-cognitive (b) Graphic (c) Audio-Visual (d) Visual
Ans: Visual-cognitive
2) ______ is a poor reading habit which involves frequent repetition a) Head Movement
b) Regression c) Poor-Posture d) Vocalization Ans: Regression
3) The reading speed required to locate a date or a symbol on a page is ___
a)skimming b) fast c) normal d) scanning Ans: Scanning
4) Devices that helps the memory to retain information are called___
a) Aids b) assistance c) Mnemonics d) signs Ans: Mnemonics
5) Both reading and hearing are cognitive activities TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
6) Reading speed and effectiveness can be enhanced by the use of ____ devices
a) Sense b) mnemonics c) skilful e) none of the above Ans: Mnemonics
7) The poor reading habit that involves the words being read within the vocal cord is known as____
Ans : SUB-VOCALIZATION
8) Which one of these language skills does not involve the auditory process a) Reading b) Listening
c) Hearing d) None of the above Ans: READING
9) Unlike listening, reading is a receptive activity which involves cognitive process TRUE or FALSE
Ans: FALSE N/B: both listening and reading are receptive activities which makes use of the
cognitive processes, listening makes use of the auditory organs while reading makes use the
visual-psychomotor.
10) SQ3R stands for STUDY, QUESTION, READ RECITE & REVIEW TRUE or FALSE ANS: FALSE
11) SQ3R stands for______ Ans: SURVEY, QUESTION, READ RECITE & REVISE
12) OK4R stands for___Ans: OVERVIEW, KEY-POINTS, READ, RECITE, REFLECT & REVIEW OR REVISE
13) 3S3R stands for___ Ans: SURVEY, STUDY-READ, SPEED READ, RECITE, REVIEW, REFLECT
14) PS3R stands for____ Ans: PREVIEW, SKIM, READ, RECITE & REVISE
15) Apart from widening the reader’s knowledge reading also widens the reader’s_______
a) experience b) vocabulary c) life d) profession Ans: Vocabulary
16) The Internet makes traditional reading a waste of time TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
17) Reading with the Vocal cords vibrating is called Vocalization TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
18) The poor reading habit that involves repetition is_______ Ans: Regression
19) Reading is an audio-visual activity TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE ( it is a visual- psycho-motive,
receptive and cognitive activity) N/B This material is not for sale
20) Wide reading depletes the reader’s vocabulary TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
21) ________is the reading speed required to note the main points in a text Ans: Skimming
22) The reading speed required to locate a date on a newspaper page is_____ Ans: Scanning
23) ______________ as a language based activity serves as a vehicle of thoughts Ans: Reading
24) ________ reading speed involves rapid eye movement and an exceptionally fast speed Ans:
Scanning
25) Reading and making hissing sound is called sub-vocalization TRUE or FALSE Ans: TRUE
26) ________reading technique is adopted when one is reading for pleasure Ans: Fast Reading
27) Both reading and hearing are cognitive TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
 28) The number of words expected for normal reader is _______ Ans: 600WPM

VOCABULARY --------------------Compiled by Toni-engine*

1) ____________ refers to all the words known to a user of a language Ans: Vocabulary
2) A/an _________ is a structure without clear sense Ans: Affix
3) ______ are words with the same pronunciation, but different spelling and meaning
Ans: Homophones
4) Words or utterances which have been over used are called Ans: Clichés
5) The words ‘aisle’ and ‘ isle’ are examples of _______ Ans: Homophones( same pronunciation but
different spelling and meaning)
6) Prefixes and suffixes are associated with a) dictionary b) vocabulary development c) word class d)
synonymy Ans: Vocabulary development
7) Words that are spelt and pronounced alike but differ in meaning are called Ans: Homonyms
8) _________ is a structure with a clear sense Ans: Root
9) Conventional use of language in relation to a specific context is a) Vocabulary b) lexis c) register
d) synonyms Ans: Register
10) Additional specialized information at the end of word entries in a dictionary is called
a) addendum b) extraneous c) appendix d) glossary Ans: Appendix
11) Words arranged alphabetically in the dictionary are called _______Ans: ENTRIES
12) Registers are otherwise called________________ Ans: Parlance
13) Lexis is synonymous to vocabulary TRUE or FALSE Ans: TRUE
LEXIS: All the words and phrases of a particular language- OALD
VOCABULARY: All the words in a particular language or all the words known to a user of a
particular language
14) Homographs means_______________________________________________________________
15) One who writes or edit a dictionary is called ______________ Ans: A lexicographer
ORAL COMPOSITION ____ Toni engine
1) The expression “ Please sir, I want you to sign my course form for me” is ________ polite request
a) Truly b) sometimes c) never d) not/never Ans : Not/Never N/B often students go to their
lecturers with course registration forms and say “ I want you to sign my course form sir or
please sir, I want you to sign my course form or sir, I have been coming here many times
without seeing you; please sir I want my forms to be signed" etc…
All the versions of request are impolite. The expression” I WANT” is a command, the
number of please in which the speaker uses is not withstanding---
USE OF ENGLISH VOL I( Luke Eyoh)
2) Speaker A: do you mind if I sleep in your office, sir? Speaker B: Not at all
speaker B’s response means a) you may sleep b)don’t sleep c) wake up d) leave my office Ans: (a)
RESPOND APPROPRIATELY TO THE QUESTION 3&4
3) How do you do? Ans: How do you do?
4) Will you travel tonight? Ans: Yes I will or No I won’t

N/B: This material is not for sale Compiled by Toni-engine*

 TERM PAPER Compiled by Toni-engine*

The term paper is a mini research/ project/report which involve selection of topic, research for
facts and evidence, a logical presentation of the facts and a proper documentation of sources
of information tapped for the purpose of the report. The difference between the ordinary
essay and the term paper lies in the crucial fact that a term paper is a product of research
based on verifiable facts, it also lies in the unique documentation, not desirable in ordinary
essay. USE OF ENGLISH VOL II( Luke Eyoh)
1) One of these involves investigation_________ a) reading b) term paper c) minutes
d) bibliography Ans: Term Paper
2) Which of these is not associated with term paper a) reading b) Plagiarism c) bibliography
d) None Ans : None as all these stated above are associated with the Term Paper
3) The entire content of the term paper is summarized in the __________ Ans: Abstract
4) ____ is the documentation style in which the year of publication comes last a) APA b) MLA c)
MPA d) APPA Ans: MLA
5) The term paper may also be called periodic paper TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
6) Proper recording of sources of information in the term paper is called_____ Ans:
Documentation
7) The three types of documentation are _____,_______&_______ Ans: End Notes, Foot Notes
& In-Text Citation.
8) The term paper like the ordinary essay, is a mini research TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE(N/B;
The ordinary essay is not a mini research it is a story, a report, an explanation of a process,
a protest etc.
9) The abbreviation “et al” means “and so on” TRUE or FALSE Ans: FALSE
“et al” means “and others”
10) One of these is a research aid a) Term paper b) dictionary c) references d) abstract
Ans: Dictionary
11) ____________is a précis of about 200 words that precedes the body of a research essay
a) documentation b)introduction c) abstract d) term paper Ans: Abstract
12) The term is not an essay a)True b)False c) none of the above Ans: TRUE
13) ______ is the first step in writing the term paper a) Bibliography b) choices of topic c)reading
d) writing the draft Ans: Choice of topics is the first step in writing a term paper
Below are the following steps towards writing an effective term paper
*The writer has to choose a topic for the paper
*He/she has to build up a working bibliography
*He/she has to read, take notes and formulate a thesis to serve as an organizing principle for
the paper
* The writer must make a realistic outline
*The writer must then do a first draft of the paper
*He /she must read through the draft to eliminate blemishes
*The writer must, finally write and proofread the final draft
14) Bibliography covers works cited and references TRUE or FALSE Ans: TRUE
15) _______refers to a list of works cited in a text where the MLA documentation style is used
a) Bibliography b)references c) work cited d) all of the above Ans: WORK CITED
16) _____ refers to only list of books and related materials cited in a text where APA style is used
a) Bibliography b) references c)work cited d) citation Ans: REFERENCES
17) MLA stands for___________ Ans: Modern Language Association of America
18) APA stands for___________Ans: American Psychology Association
19) _______________ denotes a full list of all books and related material consulted in the course
of research Ans: Bibliography
20) The two popular styles of writing the Bibliography are _____________&______________
Ans: MLA & APA___________ is the documentation style in which the year of publication
comes in brackets before the titles a) APP b) MLA c) APA d) PPA Ans: APA
21) Failure to acknowledge a source of information in research is called__________ Ans:
PLAGIARISM
22) Plagiarism is often associated with a) note-taking b) research c) lectures d) language
Ans: Research
23) Bibliography is the same as________ a) references b) works cited c) front note d) none of the
above Ans: None of the above (as references and works cited are types of bibliography)
24) The term paper is an essay TRUE or FALSE Ans:
25) a précis of about 200 words that precedes the body of a research essay is called_______ Ans:
Abstract
26) Arrangement of author’s name on the reference page of a term paper follows____ order
Ans: Alphabetical Order
27) ____________ is the documentation style in which the date comes immediately after the
author’s name Ans: APA
28) The abbreviation “et al” means eternal a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: FALSE
29) The term paper is a product of findings a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: TRUE
30) The brief information that presents a term paper in about 200 words is technically called
INTRODUCTION a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: FALSE * It is called the abstract
31) In the term paper “works cited” is related to a) APA b) MLA c) In-Text Citations Ans: MLA
32) __________ is a categorical proposition on the topic of research Ans: Thesis Statement

NOTE-TAKING, NOTES-MAKING AND MINUTES WRITING

*Note-taking strives to record fast, the major points from a lecture or a text, omitting details and
illustration; it make a wide use of abbreviation, acrostics, symbols and cryptic sketches, avoiding
clear diagrams and tables
*Note making involves the expansion of information resulting from notes taking into detailed and
well illustrated text, accessible to any person literate in the language and familiar with the subject
in the text
N/B-----Unlike, Note taking, note making employs or involves details, illustrations, diagrams &
table to enhance clarity, it avoids uncommon abbreviation, vague symbols, acrostics and cryptic
structures of all which impedes clarity.
1) Minutes are normally written in_______ tense Ans: Past tense and also in reported speech
2) Recording of main points applies to _____ a)minutes b) note-taking c)note-making d)listening
Ans: Note-taking
3) Note –taking avoids _______________a)symbols b)details c) chart d) main points
Ans: details
4) Notes-taking and Note-making are different, though both are of same length a) True b) False
c) No idea Ans: False* They are not of same length as note making is more lengthy than
note taking which deals with recording fast the major points.
5) Note-making is an aspect of Note-taking a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: TRUE
6) ACROSTICS are developed by students & writers to enhance effective note-taking
a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: TRUE
7) Note-taking requires that everything a speaker say should be written down a) True b) False c)
No idea Ans: FALSE
8) The expansion of information into details and well illustrated text is known as Note-making
a) True b) False c) No idea Ans: TRUE
9) Personal symbols and abbreviation that aid notes taking are called_________ Ans: Acrostics
N/B: This material is not for sale Compiled by Toni-engine*
 GST 112
Philosophy & human existence
A STUDY GUIDE TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUCCESS ……………….

TONI-ENGINE COURTESTY: SPE ‘019

 TONI ORBOT ®
GST 112; PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE TONIENGINE

REVISED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS------PHILOSOPHY & QUEST FOR AUTHENTIC EXISTENCE

1) Human existence is limited to _____&______ Ans: Time & Space

2) ________African leader wanted everything to be authentically African Ans: Mobutu Sese Seko of
Zaire, he used “authenticite” as an excuse to persecute Christians in his country
3) For _____________ the unexamined life is not worth living Ans: Socrates
4) The word philosophy in its more specific sense means Ans:Love of Wisdom
INTRODUCING PHILOSOPHY
5) The word philosophy comes from two Greek words ______&_____ Ans: PHILIEN & SOPHIA
meaning “to Love” & “wisdom”
6) For ______ all men by nature desire to know Ans: Aristotle
7) ________ asserts that “Philosophic and Scientific thinking, in fact, were born together
Ans: HERMAN RANDALL
8) Thales of Miletus maintained that all things were made up of a single substance Ans: Water
9) Philosophy and science could be said to be have been brought forth in _____ century Ans: 585BC
10) For _______ “Philosophy and Science which were not originally separate were therefore born
together at the beginning of the sixth century Ans: Betrand Rusell
 TONI ORBOT ®
GST 112; PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE TONIENGINE

REVISED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of being as being
2. Sovereignty is derived from the Latin word Superanus meaning Supreme
3. The Cynics maintained that Virtue was the only thing men should pursue
4. The question of being was first put forward by Parmenides in the Pre-Socratic period
5. Fallacies are broadly classified into Formal & Informal fallacies
6. Analytic philosophy is another way of referring to Philosophical analysis
7. Another name for value theory is Axiology
8. The term Philosophy is derived from two Greek words Philein(to love) & Sophia(wisdom)
9. Pragmatism is derived from the Greek word Pragma which means “deed” or ” something that is
done”
10. The founding fathers of Pragmatism are Charles Sanders Peirce(1839-1914),
Williams James(1842-1910) and John Dewey(1859-1952), all of them were Americans
11. Socrates was notable for Good Moral Life, he was a Moralist
12. In argumentum ad populum, appeal is made to the People
13. Ethnophilosophy stresses the point that the corpus of African Philosophy consists of Proverbs,
Folklores, Wise sayings, Myths and other materials of Philosophical relevance
14. The subject matter of Aesthetics is Beauty
15. The good life for man according to Aristotle is the life of happiness
16. The philosophical origin of the problem of knowledge can be located in Plato’s conception of
knowledge as “justified true belief”. This conception of knowledge formed the basis for the
traditional conception of knowledge from antiquity and scholars have tended to put forward
conditions which lead to justified knowledge. i.e. the traditional definition of knowledge is
defined as a justified true belief
17. Empiricist; these philosophers were empiricists, John Locke, George Berkeley,& David Hume
18. Rationalist; these philosophers were rationalist, Rene Descartes, Benedict Spinoza & Gottfried
Leibniz
19. Plato is regarded as the founder of IDEALISM
20. Aristotle is regarded as the founder of REALISM
21. Pragmatism was initiated by Charles Sanders Peirce, generalized by Williams James and and
popularized by John Dewey
22. Equality is a leveling process according to Laski
23. Metaphysics concerns itself with the true nature of the real(Reality)
24. The problem of being can be classified as NECESSARY & CONTIGENT
25. John Dewey is the philosopher who proposed the Instrumental theory of Arts
26. Logical Positivism may also be called Logical Empiricism
27. Value theory has Ethics & Aesthetics as its sub division
28. Phenomenology as a philosophical movement was made popular by Edmund Husserl in his effort
to build an absolute knowledge in the fashion of Rene Descartes
 TONI ORBOT ®
GST 112; PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE ENGINE SPINES

1. Metaphysics deals with the fundamental aspect of (a)Reality (b) Being (c) Question (d) Corruption
2. For----------------- political philosophy reflects on how to arrange our collective life
(a) St. Augustine (b) Plato (c) George (d) None of the above
3. The object of reality for Physicists is (a)Accidents(b)Matter(c)Metals(d)Freedom
4. ---------------------model of bioethics focuses on the entire ecosystem
(a) Ecofeminism (b) Ecocentricism (c) Environmentalism (d)Biocentricism
5. Which of the following is not a philosophical foundation of knowledge? (a)Scientism (b)Skeptism
(c)Rationalism (d)Empiricism
6. SUPERANUS the root word for Sovereignty means (a)Authority (b)Power (c)Supreme (d)None of
the above
7. Knowledge derived within moments of insight is
(a)Revealed Knowledge (b)Rational Knowledge (c)Empirical Knowledge (d)Intuitive Knowledge
8. For --------------- equality is a leveling process (a) Laski (b) Alaska (c) Palisky (d) Plato
9. For -------------- law and duty forms the basis of morality (a) Deontologists (b) Utilitarians (c)
Consequentialists (d) Teleologists
10. --------------------- sees knowledge as a justified true belief (a) Aristotle (b) Plato (c) Heraclitus (d)
kant
11. Which of these is not a metaphysical Problem? (a) Mind-body (b)Universals (c) The good (d) One
and many
12. The two dimensions of being are--------------- (a) Necessity & Contingency
(b)Contingent & autonomous (c )Necessary & Contingent (d) Congenial & Automated
13. --------------- is legitimate and backed by law (a) Power (b) Authority (c) Legislation (d)Right
14. Broadly speaking Logic is divided into ---------------------- & -----------------
(a) Formal & Informal (b) Inductive & Deductive
15. Aristotle’s work on logic is called ------------------
(a) Prior analytics (b) Topics (c) Organon (d) Posterior
16. ------------------------- analyses, arguments in ordinary language (a) Deductive logic (b) Inductive
logic (c) Formal logic (d) Informal logic
17. Arguments are constituted basically by (a) Sentences (b) Premises & Conclusion (c) Propositions
(d) None of the above
18. --------------- fallacy is committed because the premises are negative (a) Illicit negative (b)
Exclusive Premise (c) Existential fallacy (d) four terms
19. --------------- fallacy appeals to people’s desire to be valued (a) Appeal to the people (b) Appeal to
the gallery (c) Appeal to popular prejudice (d) All of the above
20. ---------------------------------------- school of African Philosophy believes that philosophy should be
localized (a) Universalist (b) Particularist (c) Ecclectic (d) Ethnophilosophy
21. The new humanist philosophy is (a) Atheistic (b)Pantheistic (C) Theistic (d) Polytheistic
22. …………………….. is not a theme in existentialist (a) Despair (b) Fear (c) Death (d) Alienation
23. ………………………….. is not associated with pragmatism (a) C.S Peirce (b) Bertrand Russell (c) John
Dewey (d) Williams James
24. ………………………….. lays emphasis on bracketing our beliefs (a) Pragmatism (b) Existentialism (c)
Phemenology (d) Humanism
25. Values that are valuable in themselves are …………………. (a) Extrinsic (b) Intrinsic (c) Instrumental
(d) None
26. For ………………………, human actions are morally indifferent (a) Cyrenaics (b) Stoics (c) Cyrincs (d)
Epicureans
27. For…………………….., actions are good when they produce greatest for greater number of people
(a) Hedonists (b) Situationist (c) Altruists (d) Utilitarians
28. ……………………………. Fallacy does not involve conditional statement (a) Affirming a disjunction (b)
Affirming the Consequent (c) Denying the antecedent (d) None of the above
29. Identify the odd term in the following (a) Human bioethics (b) Plant Bioethics (c)
Animal Bioethics (d) Environmental bioethics
30. Environmental ethics is a reaction against anthropocentric ethics (a) True (b) False (c) Neither
true nor false (d) None of the above.

THEMATIC ISSUES IN METAPHYSICS TONI-ENGINE

1) ____________ is the study of ultimate or general reality Ans: Metaphysics
2) Etymologically , metaphysics means____________ Ans: Beyond the Physical(META-TA-PHYSIKA)
3) Another name for Metaphysics is called ________ Ans: Ontology
4) Which of these is not a metaphysical Problem? (a) Mind-body (b)Universals (c) The good (d) One
and many Ans: The good
NOTE: The following are the various metaphysical problems
*The Problem of Being
*Mind and Body Problem
*The Problem of Universals
*The One and Many
*Change and Permanence
*Appearance and Reality
*The Problem of Freedom and Determinism
THE PROBLEMS OF BEING
5) ______ maintained that whatever is, is being Ans: Parmenides
6) The question on the problem of beings was first put forward by_______ Ans:Parmenides
7) The two dimensions of beings are ____&____ Ans: Necessary & Contigent
8)
9) For Parmenides because being has no part it is ____ Ans: Simple & Homogenous
10) _____ maintained that being is eternal and unchanging Ans: Plato
11) _____ identifies pure being as the foundation and unity of all things Ans: Aristotle
( a student of Plato) He also identifies this pure being as God
12) ______ claimed that the ultimate source of all forms is the form of good Ans: Plato
13) ______ Philosopher of the middle age identifies being as God and also describing God as being
Par excellence, while creatures are beings in the analogical sense Ans: Thomas Aquinas
14) _______ philosopher disagrees to Thomas Aquinas view of being Ans: Duns Scotus( he holds that
whatever exist is being, for him being is indefinable because it is the simplest and most embracing
concept, he also holds that being is univocal and not analogical as according to Thomas Aquinas)
15) ________ modern philosopher sees being as the thesis and non being as the antithesis and
synthesis, which is the consequence of the two as” becoming”
Ans: Hegel, the German Philosopher( he sees being and non being as the moments in the
process of becoming)
16) Gabriel Marcel does not see being as a problem but rather he sees being as ___ to us
Ans: A Mystery
MIND AND BODY PROBLEM
17) Which of these is not a subject of mind-body problem a)Epiphenomenalism b)Interactionism
c) Dualism d) Contextualism Ans: Contexualism
18) The two set of approach to the Mind-Body problem are ___&_____
Ans: Dualistic approach or common sense
19) _________________ Philosopher reformulated the problems of the mind & body
Ans: Rene Descartes
20) ________ approach of the mind-body problem presents a scenario where human being seems to
be composed of the mind and the body working in perfect unity and harmony
Ans: DUALIST APPROACH
21) _______ approach of the mind-body problem is of the view that man is composed of one
ultimate dormant constituent/substance which is either the mind or body Ans: MONISM
22) The issue of the mind-body problem is_______ Ans: The influence the one has on the other
23) ______ sees the mind as a function of the brain or a by-product of the brain Ans: Epiphemenalist
 N/B: The following are subjects of Mind-Body Problem
*Dualism *Monism
The following are the dualist theories for mind-body problem
*Epiphenomenalism *interactionism *Parallelism *Occassionalism
24) Hume & Rusell tells us that the mind is _____________ Ans: nothing other than series of
perceptions which succeed one another in sequence
25) Rene Descartes view of the mind & body is _____ Ans: they are radically distinct entities, two
different kinds of substances neither of which is reducible to the other, he also viewed that the
mind and body interact and even conjectured that the precise point where this interaction
occurs is the Pineal gland, in the brain------This is the Interactionism theory
26) Parallelism was advocated by _____________ Ans: G.W Leibnitz (it’s of the view that God has
created the world in such a way that there is a perfect “ Pre established harmony”) thus the mind
and body do not interact.
27) Another form of Parallelism is known as ___________ Ans: Occassionalism advocated by Nicolas
de Malebranche--- This has to do with harmony on the installment plan.
28) _____________ advocated what has been called “ double aspect theory” Ans: Benedict Spionoza
29) __________ is not a satisfactory approaching towards resolving the mind-body problem but
could serve as a way of solving it Ans: Materialistic approach(Materialism)
30) Which of the following is not a dualist theory of the mind-body problem a)Occassional b) Pre-
established harmony c) Parallelism d)Materialism Ans: Materialism
THE PROBLEMS OF UNIVERSALS
31) These best explains the problems of universals a) Existence/ Non Existence b) Beauty and the
Beast c) Justice and Injustice d) Happiness and Sadness Ans (A)
In philosophy, the word UNIVERSALS is usually conceived as abstract general ideas such as
beauty, goodness, humanity, justice, whiteness, and so on. The problem of universals is simply
the question whether these abstract general idea actually exist as distinct from their particular
instances which we can see and observe or not (PHILOSOPHY & HUMAN EXISTENCE; THE
PROBLEMS OF UNIVERSAL)
32) _____ was the first to raised the question on the problems of universals Ans: Boethius
Boethius was the first who raised the question of whether universal were realities outside the
mind or simply ideas in the mind. From his question arose the following schools of thoughts
under universals *ULTRA REALISM *MODERATE REALISM *NOMINALISM
33) _________ is not a theory of universal? A) Occasionalism B) Ultra realism C) Moderate realism
D) Nominalism Ans : Occasionalism
34) Ultra-realism is otherwise known as_________ Ans: “exaggerated realism”
35) _______&________ philosophers were of the ultra-realism school of thought
Ans: John Scotus Erigena & St. Anselem
36) ____,______&________ philosophers were of the moderate-realism school of thought
Ans: Boethius, Abelard & Thomas Aquinas
Nominalism, a school of thought was championed by ___ Ans: William of Ockham
37) For William of Ockham universals are nothing but______ Ans: A sound of the voice
38) _________ sees universals as real entities that exist has somewhere away from the particular
objects that manifest them Ans: Ultra-realism
39) __________ is of the view that universal does not exist, but not as independently existing entities
separate from the particular object Ans: Moderate realism
40) _______ is of the view that universals are not realities Ans: Nominalism
THE ONE AND MANY
The problem of one and many is whether reality is one existing being or whether there are
many existing beings-------(according to Etim 22)
41) The problems of one and many can otherwise be referred as ______ Ans: Unity & Diversity or
Unity & Plurality
42) The basic approaches adopted to explain the problems of one and many are _____________ Ans:
MONISM, DUALISM & PLURALISM
43) _____________ philosophers believed that the universe is made up of one basic constituents
Ans: The Milesians or Ionian Philosophers—Who were* Thales of Miletus(he believed that the
universe is made up of one basic stuff which is WATER)* Anaximander(he believed that the
universe is made up of one basic stuff which is ” Indeterminate” boundless substance
*Anaximenes(he believed that the universe is made up of one basic stuff which is AIR)
44) For the Monist reality is _____________ Ans: One
45) For the Pluralist reality is _____________ Ans:Multiplicity
46) For the Dualist reality _______________ Ans: The spiritual and Material substances( they hold
that reality is basically divided into two kinds of substance; the spiritual and material.

CHANGE AND PERMANENCE

47) ________ & _______ Greek philosophers seems to be at the fore of the problem of change and
permanence Ans: Parmenides & Heraclitus
48) ___________ argues that being is one, immutable and unchanging Ans: Parmenides
49) ____________ argues that change is the only constant thing in nature Ans: Heraclitus
50) Thus, for___ there is no motion, everything is permanent, change is an illusion Ans: Parmenides
51) The basis of the problem of change and permanence can be related to ___
Ans: the debate between empiricism and rationalism
52) Parmenides position of the problems of change and permanence is similar to the law of identity
which states that______ Ans:”a thing is” What is, is and cannot be otherwise
APPERANCE AND REALTY
The Metaphysical problem of appearance and reality rest on the foundation of our sources of
knowledge; it is at the heart of the great debate between rationalism and empiricism. George
Berkeley in his Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, in Opposition to Skeptics and
Atheists, Undertook to prove that there is no such thing as “matter” at all, that the world consists
of nothing but minds and their ideas.
N/B Immanuel Kant Sought to blend rationalism and empiricism into what is called “Synthetic”
apriori Knowledge i.e. Knowledge derived exclusively by the synthesis of experience and
reason.
53) _______ is the knowledge derived from synthesis of our experience and reason
Ans: APRIORI KNOWLEDGE
THE PROBLEM OF FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM
BIOETHICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
54) ------------ is referred to as the Science of survival Ans: Bioethics according to Van Rensselaer
55) _________ was the first to introduce Bioethics as an academic discipline into the sphere of
university education? Ans: Andre E. Hellegers( the founder of Kennedy Institute of ethics)

MORE QUESTIONS LOADING………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………….