IRREGULAR VERBS

Nº
Infinitive Past tense Past participle Meaning
Verbo en infinitivo Pasado Participio Significado
1. be was / were been ser, estar
2. beat beat beaten golpear, batir
3. become became become convertirse, llegar a ser
4. begin began begun empezar
5. bend bent bent doblar
6. bet bet bet apostar
7. bite bit bitten morder
8. bleed bled bled sangrar, desangrarse
9. blow blew blown soplar
10. break broke broken romper
11. bring brought brought traer
12. build built built construir
13. burn burnt / burned burn / burned quemar
14. buy bought bought comprar
15. can could - poder, saber
16. catch caught caught coger
17. choose chose chosen elegir
18. come came come venir
19. cost cost cost costar
20. cut cut cut cortar
21. dig dug dug cavar
22. do did done hacer
23. draw drew drawn dibujar
24. dream dreamt dreamt soñar
25. drink drank drunk beber
26. drive drove driven conducir
27. eat ate eaten comer
28. fall fell fallen caer
29. feed fed fed alimentar
30. feel felt felt sentir
31. fight fought fought luchar
32. find found found encontrar
33. fly flew flown volar
34. forbid forbade forbidden prohibir
35. forget forgot forgotten olvidar
36. forgive forgave forgiven perdonar
37. freeze froze frozen congelar
38. get got got (also US gotten) obtener
39. give gave given dar
40. go went gone ir
41. grow grew grown crecer
42. hang hung hung colgar
43. have had had tener, haber
44. hear heard heard oír
45. hide hid hidden esconder
46. hit hit hit pegar, golpear
47. hold held held sujetar, mantener
48. hurt hurt hurt herir
49. keep kept kept conservar, guardar
50. know knew known saber
51. lay laid laid poner, situar, colocar
52. lead led led dirigir, liderar
53. learn learnt / learned learnt / learned aprender
54. leave left left salir, dejar
55. let let let dejar
56. lie lay lain tumbarse, yacer
57. light lit lit encender
58. lose lost lost perder
59. make made made hacer
60. mean meant meant significar
61. meet met met encontrarse
62. pay paid paid pagar
63. put put put poner
64. read read read leer
65. ride rode ridden montar
66. ring rang rung sonar
67. rise rose risen levantarse, ascender
68. run ran run correr
69. say said said decir
70. see saw seen ver
71. sell sold sold vender
72. send sent sent enviar
73. set set set establecer, poner
74. shake shook shaken temblar, sacudir
75. shine shone shone brillar, dar brillo
76. shoot shot shot disparar, tirar
77. show showed shown enseñar
78. shut shut shut cerrar
79. sing sang sung cantar
80. sink sank sunk hundir
81. sit sat sat sentarse
82. sleep slept slept dormir
83. smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled oler, olfatear
84. speak spoke spoken hablar
85. spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled deletrear
86. spend spent spent gastar
87. stand stood stood estar de pie
88. steal stole stolen robar
89. stick stuck stuck encolar, pegar
90. strike struck struck/ stricken pegar, golpear
91. swear swore sworn jurar
92. sweep swept swept barrer
93. swim swam swum nadar
94. swing swung swung columpiar
95. take took taken coger
96. teach taught taught enseñar
97. tear tore torn rasgar, derramar lágrimas
98. tell told told decir, contar
99. think thought thought pensar
100. throw threw thrown lanzar, echar
101. understand understood understood entender, comprender
102. wake up woke up woken up despertar
103. wear wore worn llevar puesto, calzar
104. win won won ganar
105. write wrote written escribir
 VOCABULARY
The senses
Appearance Apariencia
bang estallido
Beat Derrotar
bitter amargo
colourful vistoso
flavour sabor
gorgeous espléndido
pattern patrón
rotten podrido
rough bruto
scent aroma
scratch rascar
shape forma
shiny brillante
smooth liso
soft suave
stare mirar fijamente
stink hedor
tickle cosquillas
whisper susurro
yell gritar
Memory
accurately precisamente
aloud en voz alta
boost aumentar
By heart De memoria
conscious consciente
Daydream Ensueño
disorder trastorno
inability incapacidad
likely probable
loss pérdida
Make an effort Hacer un esfuerzo
positive positivo
powerful poderoso
recall recordar
recognise reconocer
remind recordar
Fears and phobias
anxiety ansiedad
 common común
Cope with Poder con
face rostro
fear miedo
Get over Superalo
heights alturas
helpless indefenso
pound libra
struggle lucha
suffer sufrir
sweat sudor
terrifying espantoso
trapped atrapado
treatment tratamiento
upset decepcionado
weird extraño

GEROUNDS
• Yelling makes me nervous!
• My brother enjoys cooking spicy food!
• I feel like eating pizza.
• I can guess what this is without seeing it.

INFINITIVES
•
• It’s difficult to play the saxophone
NOTICE!
Some verbs, such as like, hate, love, start, prefer, begin and continue, can be followed with by
either a gerund or an Infinity without a change in meaning.
• When did you start to draw?
• When do you start drawing?
Some verbs, such as stop, remember and forget, and be followed by either a gerund or an
infinitive, but the manning of the sentence changes.
• we stopped to watch the sunset on the way home.
• we stopped watching the sunset and went inside.

MODALS
• We may / might register for the memory contest.
• I can't find my keys. thanks for that where I put them.
• My old school teacher could be here, but I’m not sure.
• Most people are able to remember their first pet.
• They'll be able to learn this material by heart.
• We weren't able to phone Rina and remind her about the test.
 • He's afraid of everything. He must / has to / needs to get over his phobias.
• Do we have to / need to use the lift, or are there stairs?
• You mustn't forget to keep the dog inside.
• You should avoid situations that make you feel frightened.
NOTICE!
We also use can / may give permission.
Did you forget your phone? you can / may use mine.
We use can, may and could to ask for permission.
Could and may are more polite than can.
I forgot my phone. Can / May / Could I use yours?