Engleza Maritima 6

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Glossary: ENGLISH Glossary - CARGO WORK PART 2
F

Flammability and ignitability

Flammability and ignitability

A clear distinction emerges between the properties ‘flammability’ and ‘ignitability’ by defining them in
terms of temperature.

The light hydrocarbon fuels, for example, are seen to produce flammable mixtures at near ambient
temperatures and thus, for fire safety, require protection from sparks, flames and other localised sources
of energy within the vicinity of storage.

The heavier fuels, and lubricants, on the other hand, are not flammable in this way, but would ignite
spontaneously if subjected to general overheating.

FLAMMABLE
FLAMMABLE

Inflamabil

Which word is correct : flammable or inflammable?

Trick question: both flammable and inflammable are correct, as they both mean "capable of being easily ignited
and of burning quickly ".

Two words that look like antonyms but are actually synonyms
FLASHPOINT
FLASHPOINT

The lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid can be ignited in air .

Punct de aprindere

GASOLINE
GASOLINE

A volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used
mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines .

Benzină

I
IGNITABLE
IGNITABLE            /ɪɡˈnʌɪtəb(ə)l/

Capable of burning, being set afire or causing a fire

Capable of being set afire, burning, or causing a fire.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ignitable.html

Inflamabil

Inflammable
Inflammable       see   Flammable

Leak-proof
Leak-proof

Ermetic

MASS EXPLOSION HAZARD

MASS EXPLOSION HAZARD

Pericol de explozie în masă

N
NUCLEAR FISSION
NUCLEAR FISSION

In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission  chain reaction. By
definition, fissile material can sustain a chain reaction with neutrons of any energy. The predominant neutron
energy may be typified by either slow neutrons (i.e., a thermal system) or fast neutrons.

PAINT
PAINT

A substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a
liquid); dries to form a hard coating .

Vopsea
Engleza Maritima 6
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Glossary: ENGLISH Glossary - CARGO WORK PART 2
P

Paper towel
Paper towel

Prosop de hârtie

Plastic container
Plastic container

container de plastic
PROJECTION HAZARD
PROJECTION HAZARD

Pericol de proiectare

REM
REM

A rem is a large dose of radiation, so the millirem (mrem), which is one thousandth of a rem, is often used for the
dosages commonly encountered, such as the amount of radiation received from medical x-rays and background
sources.

S
Screw-cap can
Screw-cap can

Bidon, cilindru cu capac filetat

Sealed plastic bag

Sealed plastic bag

Punga de plastic sigilata

SIFT(to)
SIFT(to)

Move as if through a sieve .

A cerne
Siftproof
Siftproof

Sift-proof big bags is sewn with leak-proof materials, mainly used for powdered products, preventing leakage.

Mainly used for powdered products, preventing leakage from the seam (cusătură, tiv, tighel)

Ermetic

Skirted stopper
Skirted stopper

Dop care se inchide prin rotire

Sturdy
Sturdy

Robust, viguros,solid
Engleza Maritima 6
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T

TAPED GLASS OR PLASTIC JAR

TAPED GLASS OR PLASTIC JAR

Borcan de plastic sau sticlă izolat cu banda adeziva

Taped glass or plastic vial

Taped glass or plastic vial

Flacon de sticlă sau plastic izolat cu bandă adezivă

TAPED PLASTIC CANISTER
TAPED PLASTIC CANISTER

Canistră, recipient de plastic izolat cu bandă adezivă.

TO YIELD OXYGEN
TO YIELD OXYGEN

Give off or supply .

A emana oxigen

TREFOIL
TREFOIL

   

A plant of the genus Trifolium.  Also the radiation symbol.

Trifoi
Tube
Tube

Eprubetă

TURPENTINE
TURPENTINE

Volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally.

Terebentină

V
VARNISH
VARNISH

A coating that provides a hard, lustrous, transparent finish to a surface .

Lac
Engleza Maritima 6
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B

BLAST HAZARD
BLAST HAZARD

Pericol de explozie

Cellulose wadding
Cellulose wadding

Vată de celuloză

Combustibility and flammability

Combustibility and flammability

Flammable materials are those that ignite more easily than other materials, whereas those that are harder to ignite or
burn less vigorously are combustible.

The degree of flammability or combustibility in air depends largely upon the chemical composition of the subject
material, as well as the ratio of mass versus surface area.

Take wood as an example. Finely divided wood dust can undergo explosive combustion and produce a blast wave.

A piece of paper (made from wood) catches on fire quite easily.

A heavy oak desk is much harder to ignite, even though the wood fibre is the same in all three materials.
Combustible
ə
Combustible     /kəmˈbʌs.tə.b l/    

Consignee
Consignee  uk  

  ​/ˌkɒn.saɪˈniː/      us      

  ​/ˌkɑːn.saɪˈniː/

Destinatar

Cotton balls
Cotton balls

Bile de bumbac

DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVES
DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVES

desensitise  uk /ˌdiːˈsen.sɪ.taɪz/ us ​/ˌdiːˈsen.sə.taɪz/     

Desensitized explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatized to suppress their
explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be
excluded from the hazard class “Explosives”.

F
FIREBOARD BOX
FIREBOARD BOX

 Ambalaj rezistent la incendiu

Fireboard cylinder
Fireboard cylinder

cilindru rezistent la incendiu

FISSILE MATERIALS
FISSILE MATERIALS

Material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission  chain reaction

BOOK 2b: Flammable, Combustible &
Ignitable Liquid Classification

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Table of contents
Flammable, Combustible & Ignitable Liquid Classification
Flammable, Combustible & Ignitable Liquid
Classification
May 2017 - Flammable, Combustible & Ignitable
Liquid Classification According to NFPA, FM Global
and DOT
The Department of Transportation (DOT), NFPA and FM Global are very different in
how they classify flammable, combustible & ignitable liquids.
NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, is updated on a three year cycle
with its latest revision being in 2015.
FM Global Data Sheet (FMGDS) 7-29, Ignitable Liquids Storage in Portable Containers
was last revised in 2014. The Data Sheet can be updated on an as needed basis.
NFPA 30 defines a flammable and combustible liquid as follows:
Flammable liquids have closed-cup flash points below 100℉ and vapor pressures not
exceeding 40 psia at 100℉ (thus excluding liquefied petroleum gases, liquefied
natural gases and liquefied hydrogen).
Flammable liquids are referred to as Class 1 liquids, and are subdivided as follows:
Class IA liquids - flash points below 73℉ and boiling points below 100℉
Class IB liquids - flash points below 73℉ and boiling points at or above 100℉
(examples are MEK, IPA and Acetone)
Class IC liquids - flash points at or above 73℉ and below 100℉ (examples are
styrene, methyl isobutyl ketone, isobutyl alcohol and turpentine)
Combustible liquids have closed-cup flash points at or above 100℉. They are referred
to as either Class II or Class III liquids and are subdivided as follows:
Class II liquids - flash points at or above 100℉ and below 140℉
Class IIIA liquids - flash points at or above 140℉ and below 200℉
Class IIIB liquids - flash points at or above 200℉
The current liquid classification scheme followed by the U.S. Transportation Code and
U.N. Transportation & DOT classify these products as follows:
Flammable Liquid - Flash Point < 141℉
Combustible Liquid - Flash Point > 141℉ and < 200℉
A flammable liquid's flashpoint is the minimum temperature at which sufficient
vapor is liberated to form a vapor-air mixture that will ignite and propagate a flame
away from the ignition source - flash fire, not continuous combustion.
FMG DS 7-29 uses the term ignitable liquid, which is defined as any liquid that has
a measurable fire point. They do not use the terms combustible liquid or flammable
liquid. Also, the term flashpoint always refers to the closed-cup flashpoint unless
stated otherwise. The ignitable liquids are categorized by flash point throughout FMG
DS 7-29. Different protection criterion is provided based on the flash point of the
liquid, container type and container size the liquid is stored in.
HAZMAT (Flammable / Combustible / Ignitable) Liquid rooms are one of the most
expensive $/sq. ft. rooms in a facility. Properly identifying what should be stored in
the HAZMAT Liquid room and what should be stored in the general warehouse can be
most challenging.
BOOK 3: Biological Substance,
Category B, UN 3373

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Table of contents
Biological Substance, Category B, UN 3373 Shipping and Packaging Requirements
Biological Substance, Category B, UN 3373
Shipping and Packaging Requirements
Biological Substance, Category B, UN 3373 Shipping and Packaging
Requirements
Category B infectious substances are infectious but do not meet the criteria
for Category A.
Category B infectious substances have:
proper shipping name of “Biological Substance, Category B”
identification number UN 3373
Training from EH&S on how to ship biological materials
Packaging:
Category B infectious substance must be tripled packaged.
Packing notes include:
The maximum quantity for a primary receptacle is 500 ml or 500g and outer
packaging must not contain more than 4 L or 4 kg.
Include an itemized list of contents between the secondary and outer container.
The package must be able to withstand 95kPa of pressure and temperatures
between 40°F and 130°F.
Choose packing materials that are designed for a Packing Instructions 650 and
follow the manufactures packing directions.
If using dry ice, refer to the shipping dry ice fact sheet.
 
Labeling:
The outer container of all Category B infectious substance packages must display the
following on two opposite sides.
Sender’s name and address
Recipient’s name and address
A responsible person’s name and telephone number
The words “Biological Substance, Category B”
UN 3373 label
Class 9 label, including UN 1845, and net weight if packaged with dry ice
Orientation arrows must be on the opposite faces as the above materials.
  

Figure 1: Cross Section of Triple Packaged Shipment

Figure 2: Marking/Labeling for Cat. B on Dry Ice

 
PACKING INSTRUCTION 650 – Biological Substances, Category B
General Requirements
The packagings must be of good quality, strong enough to withstand the shocks and
loadings normally encountered during transport, including trans-shipment between
transport units and between transport units and warehouses as well as any removal
from a pallet or overpack for subsequent manual or mechanical handling. Packagings
must be constructed and closed so as to prevent any loss of contents that might be
caused under normal conditions of transport, by vibration, or by changes in
temperature, humidity or pressure.
 
The packaging must consist of three components:
a) a primary receptacle;
b) a secondary packaging; and
c) a rigid outer packaging.
Primary receptacles must be packed in secondary packagings in such a way that,
under normal conditions of transport, they cannot break, be punctured or leak their
contents into the secondary packaging. Secondary packagings must be secured in
outer packagings with suitable cushioning material. Any leakage of the contents must
not compromise the integrity of the cushioning material or of the outer packaging.
Packages must be prepared as follows:
(a)   For liquid substances:
• The primary receptacle(s) must be leak-proof and must not contain more than 1 L;
• The secondary packaging must be leak-proof;
• If multiple fragile primary receptacles are placed in a single secondary packaging,
they must be either individually wrapped or separated to prevent contact between
them;
• Absorbent material must be placed between the primary receptacle and the
secondary packaging The absorbent material, such as cotton wool, must be in
sufficient quantity to absorb the entire contents of the primary receptacle(s) so that
any release of the liquid substance will not compromise the integrity of the cushioning
material or of the outer packaging;
 
The primary receptacle or the secondary packaging must be capable of withstanding
without leakage an internal pressure of 95 kPa in the range of -40°C to+55°C (-40°F
to 130°F);
• The outer packaging must not contain more than 4 L. This quantity excludes ice, dry
ice, or liquid nitrogen when used to keep specimens cold.
(b)   For solid substances:
• The primary receptacle(s) must be sift-proof and must not exceed the outer
packaging weight limit;
• The secondary packaging must be sift-proof;
• If multiple fragile primary receptacles are placed in a single secondary packaging,
they must be either individually wrapped or separated to prevent contact between
them;
• Except for packages containing body parts, organs or whole bodies, the outer
packaging must not contain more than 4 kg. This quantity excludes ice, dry ice or
liquid nitrogen when used to keep specimens cold;
• If there is any doubt as to whether or not residual liquid may be present in the
primary receptacle during transport then a packaging suitable for liquids, including
absorbent materials, must be used.
An itemized list of contents must be enclosed between the secondary packaging and
the outer packaging.
 p g g
At least one surface of the outer packaging must have a minimum dimension of 100
mm x 100 mm.
The completed package must be capable of successfully passing the drop test
described in 6.6.1 except that the height of the drop must not be less than 1.2 m.
BOOK 1: SMCP-HANDLING
DANGEROUS GOODS B3/1.2

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Table of contents
SMCP-HANDLING DANGEROUS GOODS B3/1.2
SMCP-HANDLING DANGEROUS GOODS
B3/1.2
B3/1.2 HANDLING DANGEROUS B3/1.2 Manipularea mărfurilor
GOODS periculoase
Also see IMO-IMDG Code, London 1994, Vezi și Codul IMO-IMDG, Londra 1994
as revised
 
.1 Briefing on nature of dangerous .1 Instructaj despre natura mărfurilor
goods periculoase
.1 What is the IMO-Class of these goods? .1 Care este clasa IMO a acestor mărfuri?
.1.1 The IMO-Class of these goods is… .1.1 Clasa IMO a acestor mărfuri este…
.2 This package contains IMO-Class… .2 Acest ambalaj conține mărfuri din clasa
goods. IMO…
.3 These goods are .3 Aceste bunuri sunt
flammable/poisonous/… inflamabile/otrăvitoare…
.3.1 Handle these goods with caution. .3.1 Manipulați aceste bunuri cu atenție.
.4 These goods emit flammable gases in .4 Aceste bunuri emit gaze inflamabile în
contact with water. contact cu apa.
.4.1 Keep these goods dry. .4.1 A se păstra uscate.
.5 These goods are liable to spontaneous .5 Aceste bunuri sunt pasibile de încălzire și
heating and combustion. ardere spontană.
.6 Do not touch… .6 Nu atingeți…
.2 Instructions on compatibility and .2 Instrucțiuni referitoare la
stowage compatibilitate și stivuire
.1 Observe the IMDG-Code when .1 Respectați codul IMDG în timpul
loading/stowing. încărcării/stivuirii.
.2 Check the .2 Verificați
~proper segregation of goods. ~dacă separarea diferitelor loturi de marfă
este corectă
~correct technical names in documents.
~ dacă dnumirile tehnice folosite în
~correct marks/labels documente sunt corecte.
~compatibility of IMO-Class… goods. ~dacă sunt folosite mărci/etichete în mod
corect.
~compatibilitatea bunurilor din Clasa IMO…
.3 Stow IMO-Class…goods .3Stivuiți bunurile din Clasa IMO…
~away from living quarters/away from… ~departe de spațiile de locuit/departe de...
~separated (by one hold) from IMO- ~separate (printr-o magazine) de bunurile
Class…goods. din Clasa IMO…
~under/on deck. ~sub punte/pe punte
.3.1 Cover IMO-Class…on deck with .3.1 Acoperiți buburile din Clasa IMO…cu
tarpaulins/… prelate/...
.4 Stow .4 Stivuiți
~flammable goods away from the engine ~mărfurile inflamabile departe de peretele
room bulkhead/… etanș al CM/…
~infectious substances separated by one ~substanțele infecțioase separate printr-o
hold/compartment from foodstuffs. magazie/compartiment de toate bunurile
alimentare.
~…drums away from IMO-Class…goods at
a minimum of…metres. ~ butoaiele departe de bunurile din Clasa
IMO…av\nd o separare orizontal[ de
minim…metri
.5 Brief the stevedores on the dangerous .5 Faceți instructaj cu stivadorii despre
goods in number…hold(s) mărfurile periculoase din magazia/magaziile
nr…
.6 Refuse damaged/wet/…packings with .6 Refuzați ambalajele umede/deteriorate
dangerous goods. ce conțin măefuri periculoase.
.7 Ventilate the hold(s) before entering. 7.Înainte de a intra ventilați
magazia/magaziile.
.8 Load/unload IMO-Class…goods first. .8 Încărcați/descărcați mai întăi bunurile din
Clasa IMO…
.9 No smoking during loading/unloading .9 Fumatul interzis pe timpul
încărcării/descărcării.
 
3.Reporting incidents 3.Raportarea in caz de incident
.1Sling(s) with bottles/drums/…of IMO- .1 Pe punte au căzut coțade cu
Class…goods were dropped on deck/into damigene/butelii/butoaie conținând mărfuri
no…hold/on pier… din Clasa IMO…
.1.1 Liquid/power/gas is spilling. .1.1 Sunt scăpări de lichid/pulbere (care se
infiltrează printer alte bunuri)
.2 Several drums/barrels/tanks/…are .2 Câteva butoaie metalice/butoaie de
deformed (and leaking). lemn/rezervoare/…s-au deformat.
.3 The …container with IMO-Class… .3 Containerul …cu bunuri din Clasa IMO…are
goods is spilling out of the door. scăpări pe la ușa neetanșă.
.4 Spilling substances of IMO-Class… .4 Substanțe din Clasa IMO…s-au prelins în
escaped into the sea/harbor water. mare/în bazinul portuar.
.4.1 Inform the pollution control. .4.1 Informați autoritățile de control a
poluării.
.5 Temperature in locker/container/… .5 Temperatura din cheson/container care
with IMO-Class…goods is increasing conține bunuri din Clasa IMO…crește repede.
(rapidly)
.6 Orange/red/…smoke is developing .6 Bunurile din Clasa IMO…de pe punte
from IMO-Class…goods (on deck). degajă fum portocaliu/roșu/alb/…
.7 Explosion in no…hold. .7 S-a produs o explozie în magazia nr…
.7.1 Damage to gas tank/container/… .7.1 Un rezervor de gaz/container/…a suferit
o avarie majoră din cauza exploziei.
.8 Minor/major fire in number…hold. .8 Incendiu minor/major în magazia nr…
.8.1 Fire extinguished. .8.1 Incendiul a fost stins.
.8.2 IMO-Class…goods re-ignited. .8.2 Bunurile din Clasa IMO…s-au reaprins.
.8.3 Fire under control.
.8.4 Fire not under control (yet).
.8.4.1 Operate the general emergency
alarm.
.8.4.2 Alarm the harbor fire brigade/…
.9 Report injured persons/casualties.
.9.1 No person injured.
.9.2 Number of injured
persons/casualties is…
.4 Action in case of incidents
.1 Take actions according to the
Emergency Plan.
.2Turn the vessel out of the wind-the
spilling gas/smoke is toxic.
.3 Put on protective clothing and
breathing apparatus.
.4 Stop the spillage .
.5 Let the spillage evaporate.
.6 Remove the spillage with synthetic
scoops.
.6.1 Use absorbents for the spillage.
.6.2 Do not touch the spillage.
.7 Separate contaminated goods from
other goods.
.8 Cover contaminated goods with
tarpaulins/…
.9 Only open the
container/hold/locker/…when smoking
is stopped.
.10 Cool down the container/…with
water.
. 11Ventilate the hold(s) carefully.
.12 Close the hatch-operate the fire
extinguishing system.
.13 Fight the fire from a great distance. .13 Acșionați pentru stingere de la o
.14 Flood no….hold(s)
.15 Rescue persons.
.15.1 Take injured persons/casualties to .15 Scoateți răniții/victimele în afara zonei
a safe area.
.15.2 Provide first aid to injured
persons/casualties.
.8.3 Incendiul este sub control.
.8.4 Incendiul nu este inca sub control.
.8.4.1 Acționați alarma general.
.8.4.2 Recurgeți la echipele de pompieri din
port/…
.9 Raportați nr persoanelor rănite
grav/victimelor.
.9.1 Nu există personae rănite.
.9.2 Numărul persoanelor rănite/victimelor
este…
.4 Măsuri în caz de incident
.1 Luați măsuri în conformitate cu Planul de
urgență.
.2 Scoateți nava din vânt-emanația de
gaz/fum este otrăvitoare.
.3 Folosiți echipamentul de protecție și
aparatul de respirat.
.4 Opriți scurgerea.
.5 Lăsați cantitatea scursă să se evaporeze.
.6 Îndepărtațitoate cantitatea scursă cu
ispolul de plastic.
.6.1 Folosiți absorbanți pentru scurgere.
.6.2 Nu atingeți substanța scursă.
.7 Separați bunurile contaminate de celelalte
bunuri.
.8 Acoperiți bunurile contaminate cu
prelate/…
.9 Deschideți
containerul/magazia/chesonul/…numai
.10 Răciți containerul/…cu apă.
.11 Ventilați magazia (magaziile) cu atenție.
.12 Închideți gura de magazine și acționați
extinctoarele.
distanțăcât de mare posibil.
.15 Inundați magazia/magaziile nr…
.16 Salvați persoanele.
periculoase.
.15.2 Acordați primul ajutor răniților.
.15.3 Call the ambulance. .15.3 Chemați o ambulanță.
.16 Take off and dispose contaminated .16. Scoateși și izolați îmbrăcămintea
clothing. contaminată.
.17 Alter course for the nearest port (- .17 Schimbați drumul pentru a vă îndrepta
inform on radio) spre cel mai apropiat port. (Informați prin
radio)
BOOK 2a: IMO CLASSIFICATION OF
DANGEROUS GOODS

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Table of contents
IMO-CLASS DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION
IMO-CLASS DANGEROUS GOODS
CLASSIFICATION
IMO-CLASS DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION
Dangerous or IMO (International Maritime Organization) goods are any goods whose
properties or characteristics pose a risk to people’s safety and security.
Dangerous goods are categorized into nine different classes based on their
characteristics and the degree of danger they present. Note that the classes are not
ordered based on the severity of the risks involved; goods in Class 1 (explosives)
could be more or less dangerous than goods in Class 7 (radioactive materials), since
the degree of danger is directly dependent on the goods’ technical and chemical
factors.
IMO classes
In order for a container to transport IMO goods, it must have a label on all four sides
indicating the IMO class and number as detailed below:

Class 1: Explosives
Various goods based on their mass explosion hazard, projection hazard, or
fire hazard. Some examples of explosives include bombs, rockets, fuses, fireworks,
ammunition, and flares.
Subclass 1.1. Objects that have a mass explosion hazard.
Subclass 1.2. Objects that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion
hazard.
Subclass 1.3. Objects that have a fire hazard and a minor blast hazard.
The label for these first three subclasses contains an image of an exploding bomb
in black, with an orange background and the number “1” at the bottom.
Subclass 1.4. Explosives that do not present a significant hazard.
Subclass 1.5. Insensitive substances that have a mass explosion hazard.
Subclass 1.6. Extremely insensitive articles that do not have a mass explosion
hazard.
Labels for these goods contain the number of the subclass in black, on an orange
background. They also contain the number “1” at the bottom of the label.

Class 2: Gases
Gases in liquid, compressed, or refrigerated form. Depending on their properties,
these goods are classified as either asphyxiant, oxidizing, flammable, or toxic gases.
Based on the reactions they cause, these gases are divided into three subclasses:
Subclass 2.1. Flammable gases. This is any type of gas that is ignitable when it
comes in contact with a heat source, such as propylene, ethane, or butane. The
label must contain a symbol with a black or white flame on a red background, with
the number “2” at the bottom.
Subclass 2.2. Non-flammable, non-toxic gases. These are gases that displace
oxygen, causing asphyxiation; one example of these gases is helium. The label
contains an image of a black or white bottle of gas on a green background, with
the number “2” at the bottom.
 Subclass 2.3. Toxic gases. These are gases that can cause serious injury or
death when inhaled. They can be flammable, corrosive, or oxidizing, such as
chlorine. The label contains an image of a black skull over black crossbones. The
background is white and it contains the number “2” at the bottom.

Class 3: Flammable liquids.

This classification includes flammable liquids and insensitive liquid explosives.
Examples include turpentine, gasoline, paints, and varnishes. The label contains a
symbol with a black or white flame on a red background (like the label for gases in
Class 2.1). The label for Class 3 is different in that it has a number “3” at the bottom.

Class 4: Flammable solids.

This class is divided into the following subcategories based on the properties of the
solids:
Subclass 4.1. Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, and desensitized
explosives. These solids are liable to spontaneous combustion. The label contains
a black flame on a white background with seven vertical red stripes and the
number “4” at the bottom.
Subclass 4.2. These are spontaneously flammable substances. This means
that they could suddenly ignite when they come in contact with the air or during
transport. Examples include coal, wet cotton, etc. The label contains a black flame
on a background that is white on top and red on the bottom, with the number “4”.
Subclass 4.3. Substances that emit flammable gases when they come in
contact with water. Some of the most common materials in this subclass include
sodium, potassium, and calcium carbide. The label contains a black or white flame
on a blue background with the number “4” at the bottom.

Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic

peroxides.
This class is divided into the following subcategories based on the properties of the
solids:
Subclass 5.1. Oxidizing substances. Liquids or solids that can cause
combustion or create a flammable environment. One example is ammonium
nitrate. The label contains a black flame on top of a circle, with a yellow
background and the number “5.1” at the bottom.
Subclass 5.2. Organic peroxides. These substances are derived from hydrogen
peroxide. They are highly dangerous and may only be transported in certain
quantities in special cargo units. The label contains a black or white flame with a
background that is red on top and yellow on the bottom. It also contains the
number “5.2” at the bottom.

Class 6: Toxic substances.

This class is divided into the following subcategories based on the properties of the
substance:
Subclass 6.1. Toxic substances. These are substances that may cause death by
inhalation, cutaneous absorption, or ingestion. Examples include methanol and
 dichloromethane. The label for this subclass contains a black skull and crossbones
over a white background (like the label for Class 2.3, toxic gases) but is
distinguished by the number “6” at the bottom.
Subclass 6.2. Infectious substances. These substances contain pathogens
(microorganisms) that could cause disease. Some examples include diagnostic
specimens, material for preparing vaccines, secretions, blood, excrement, lab
cultures, etc. The label for this subclass may contain the words “Infectious
substances” or “In case of damage, flood, or fire, alert the health authorities
immediately” at the bottom. The label includes a symbol made up of three black
crescent moons on top of a circle, with a white background and the number “6” at
the bottom.

Class 7: Radioactive material.

Materials that contain radionuclides, such as uranium, plutonium, and thorium. The
labels for this substance are determined as follows:
Category I. Packages with a maximum surface radiation level of 0.5 mrem/hr or
containers that do not contain packages with higher categories. The label for this
category is white with a black trefoil shape; below this is the word “Radioactive”,
followed by a small red vertical line. The label also contains the words “Contents,”
“Quantity,” and “Activity,” as well as the number “7” at the bottom.
Category II. Packages with a surface radiation level greater than 0.5 mrem/hr,
but no more than 50 mrem/hr . The transport index must not exceed 1.0; this can
also apply to containers with a transport index not exceeding 1.0 with no Category
III packages visible.
Category III. Packages with a maximum surface radiation level of 200 mrem/hr,
or containers whose transport index is less than or equal to 1.0 and which are
transporting visible Category III packages.
The label for Categories II and III is yellow with a border on top and white on the
bottom. It includes an image of a black trefoil and should always include the word
“Radioactive” followed by two or three small vertical lines, depending on the category.
It must also contain the words “”Contents” and “Activity,” along with a box outlined in
black that says “Transport Index”. It also contains the number “7” at the bottom of
the label.
Category IV. Fissionable materials. This label is white and must contain the
word “FISSIONABLE” in black at the top. At the bottom is a box that says “Critical
Care Index” and the number “7”.

Class 8: Corrosive substances.

These substances have a destructive effect when they come in contact with other
substances, meaning that they are damaging to skin tissue. Some examples of
corrosive substances are sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite. The label must
contain a symbol with two test tubes pouring liquid over a hand and a piece of metal;
the background of the top portion is white and the bottom is black with the number
“8”.
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and
articles.
This category includes dangerous substances not included in the other classes, such
as dioxins, lithium batteries, dry ice, etc. The label is white with seven vertical
black lines on the top half and the number “‘9”, underlined, in the bottom half.
These labels are always in the shape of a diamond with minimum dimensions of
100mm x 100mm. The labels may be smaller than this only if the package size
requires it, as long as they are visible.