DC Motor ‫ نظر ى‬- revision

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Index:

1. Explain with drawing the construction of DC machine?

2. What are the types of DC machines?
3. Explain the theory of operation of DC motor?
4. Write the equation of generated emf for all DC machine?
5. Draw Equivalent Circuits of DC motors and its equations?
6. Drive Speed torque equation of DC motor?
7. What are the parameters to control the speed?
8. How to control the speed of DC motor and compare (Explain)?
9. Draw the curves of separate or shunt DC motor? Draw :
a. Speed vs current
b. Speed vs torque
10. Draw the curves of series DC motor? Draw :
a. Speed vs current
b. Speed vs torque
c. Torque vs current
11. Draw the curves of separate or shunt DC motor with different
control method?
12. Draw the curves of series DC motor with different control
method?

Solutions
1. Explain with drawing the construction of DC machine?
First: Stator
(1) Frame: Provide physical support.
(2) Magnetic Core: must be laminated and made of ferromagnetic
material such as iron.
(3) Pole: Provide a path for magnetic flux.
(4) Field winding: produces magnetic flux when it carries current.
Second: Rotor
(1) Armature winding: caries current crossing field , thus creating
shaft torque in a rotating machine as well as generate
electromagnetic force (EMF)
(2) Commutator: Built on the shaft of the rotor at one end of the
core. Made of copper bars insulated by mica. Commutator
commutates Ac voltage to DC. It serves as mechanical
rectifier.
(3) Brushes: made of carbon or graphite or mix of both. brushes
have very low friction coefficient.
2. What are the types of DC machines?

3. Explain the theory of operation of DC motor?

(1) Principle of working of a DC motor is that "when a current
carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, this produces a
force.
(2) The direction of this force is given by Fleming's left hand
rule and its magnitude is given by F=BIL.
(3) When armature windings are connected to a DC supply,
current flows in the winding. Magnetic field is provided by field
winding excitation. In this case, current carrying armature
conductors produces a force due to the magnetic field, and this
force will produce a torque to rotate the armature, thus rotating
the machine shaft.
 𝑃𝑍
𝑇𝑎 = φ Ia
2𝜋𝑎

(4) When the armature of the motor is rotating, the conductors

are also cutting the magnetic flux lines and hence according to
the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an emf induces
in the armature conductors. The direction of this induced emf
opposes the supplied armature current(Ia), hence it's called
Back emf and given by the emf equation of DC generator;
𝑃𝑛𝑍𝜑
𝐸𝑎 =
60𝑎

4. Write the equation of generated emf for all DC machine?

Ea = generated emf= no load voltage= induced voltage= voltage at no

load
𝑃𝑛𝑍𝜑
𝐸𝑎 =
60𝑎
P= no of poles (Given)

𝝋= flux in wb (mwb=10−3 )

Z= total number of conductors= no of slots x no of conductor per slot

n = speed in revolution per minute (rpm)= revolution per second x 60
2πn
ω= speed in rad/sec ω = (rad/sec)
60

a= no of parallel path

a=2 for wave wound

a=P for lap wound

5. Draw Equivalent Circuits of DC motors and its equations?

Emf equation:
𝑃𝑛𝑍𝜑
𝐸𝑎 = =𝐾𝑇 φ ω = 𝐾𝑒 φ n
60𝑎
𝑃𝑍
𝑇𝑎 = φ Ia=𝐾𝑇 φ Ia
2𝜋𝑎

7. Drive Speed torque equation of DC motor?

For separate DC motor:

 7. What are the parameters to control the speed?

From this equation, the speed can be controlled by:

(1) Flux control
(2) The voltage control
(3) Armature resistance control
8. How to control the speed of DC motor and compare
(Explain)?

From this equation, the speed can be controlled by:

(1) Flux control: the speed can be increased by reducing the flux.
But (disadvantage) the torque decreases. This method is used
to increase the speed. The flux is controlled by changing the
field current by inserting external resistance in the field
circuit
(2) The voltage control: the speed can be decreased by reducing
the voltage. But (disadvantage) the voltage can not increase
above rated voltage so, this method is used to reduce the
speed only. The voltage can be controlled by DC chopper or
ward leonard method.
(3) Armature resistance control: the speed can be decreased by
inserting external resistance in the rotor circuit. But this
method .but (disadvantage), this method is used to reduce the
speed only and high loss in the external resistance.
9.Draw the curves of separate or shunt DC motor? Draw:

a. Speed vs current
b. Speed vs torque

Solution:

10.Draw the curves of series DC motor? Draw :

a. Speed vs current
 b. Speed vs torque
c. Torque vs current

Solution: a. Speed vs current

b. Speed vs torque
 c.Torque vs current

11.Draw the curves of separate or shunt DC motor with different

control method?
12.Draw the curves of series DC motor with different control
method?