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Gr11 Excretion in Humans CC PDF
Gr11 Excretion in Humans CC PDF
Gr11 Excretion in Humans CC PDF
Excretion: removal of
metabolic waste from &
excess metabolites from
the body
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Stores urine
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Kidney functions
Kidneys have 2 main functions:
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Macroscopic structure
Blood vessels carry blood to the kidneys,
where wastes and other dissolved substances
are removed from the blood
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Hilum
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Renal calyx
Renal capsule
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Microscopic structure
of the kidney (pg. 245)
Nephron: structural &
functional unit of the
kidney (about 1million
per kidney)
Nephron made up of:
Malpighian body/ renal
capsule
Renal tubule
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Structure of a nephron
Malpighian
body
Renal tubule
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Malpighian Renal
Renal tubule body tubule
➢ partially in cortex, partially
in medulla
➢ 3 parts:
➢ Proximal convoluted
tubule
➢ Loop of Henle
➢ Distal convoluted tubule
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AFFERENT ARTERIOLE
➢ Extends to each Bowman’s capsule
➢ Divides to form glomerulus
➢ Merge to form EFFERENT ARTERIOLE, which branches to form
peritubular capillary network
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Kidney functioning
1. Glomerular filtration or
ultrafiltration
2. Tubular re-absorption
3. Tubular secretion or
excretion
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Formation of urine
1. Glomerular filtration (pg.248)
Afferent arteriole wider than efferent, so blood in
glomerulus under high pressure (hydrostatic).
➢ Water - urea
➢ Glucose - uric acid
➢ Amino acids - creatinine
➢ salts
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Reabsorption of water
➢ Water needed is removed from nephron tubules
via osmosis
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- Uric acid
- Creatinine
- Hydrogen ions
- Ammonium ions
- Penicillin
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Osmoregulation
Process of maintaining the correct balance
between water and solutes in our bodies.
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Amount of water
reabsorbed back into
the blood is controlled
at the collecting duct.
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Water balance
Kidneys and hypothalamus
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Salt balance
Too little Na+ in blood
= less water reabsorbed into blood
= drop in blood pressure
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-Osmotic pressure
increased
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Nephron function
A nephron works in 2 stages:
Filtrations
stage: water, minerals, salts, urea,
amino acids and glucose are filtered out of the
blood
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Reabsorption stage:
water, minerals, amino acids
and glucose are reabsorbed
by active transport from the
renal tubule into the
capillaries
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Activity
Complete activity 4 on page 256- Dialysis
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Activity 4 answers
1. Selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances
(excretory substances) to pass through and prevents useful
substances and blood components from passing through
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9. Point A Point B
More urea and uric Less urea and uric
acid acid
More water Less water
More salt Less salt
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Kidney diseases
Kidney stones
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