108 Chapter 3

Table 3.11 Formulas for common spectrum models

Independent Formula

Modified
IP-M

Bretschneider two
two Hs, 0 s
~
5 w4
S(w) = -H, -2exp(- 1 . 2 5 [ w / ~ ~ ] - ~ )
16 ws

S(W)= 0.1687Hs- 4
w5
x e~p(-0.675[w/w,]-~)

1 ISSC two Hs, 3 3 4

S(W)= 0.1107Hs--j
w

i i I i
While the JONSWAP spectrum has five parameters, only two are generally varied in its
application - wo and H,. The suitable values of y to use at various offshore locations will
be described later. A suitable parameter for y is in the range of 2-3 for the North Sea
application.
If the peakedness parameter is not defined, the following can be applied:

y =5 for Tp/& 5 3.6; and

(
y = exp 5.75 - 1.15-5)
a for T , / f i > 3.6 (3.22)

The value of 6 for the North Sea application is commonly computed from
2
6 = 5.058[-&] (1 - 0.2871n y ) (3.23)
Ocean Environment 109

The Phillips constant, CY, is normally taken as 0.0081 and the width parameters CTA
and oB are 0.07 and 0.09 respectively, and the peaked parameter, y=3.3. In general,
they are dependent on the significant height and peak periods. For a fully developed
sea, the JONSWAP spectrum reduces to the Pierson-Moskowitz spectral formulation
( y = 1 .O).

The Ochi-Hubble spectrum is a six-parameter spectrum describing combination of two

superimposed seas - a locally generated sea and a swell. The swell is a narrow-band wave,
which arrives at the site from a distant storm. The three parameters for each of these waves
are given individually by significant wave height, peak frequency, and a parameter ( H s l ,wol
and h i , and Hs2, wO2, and k 2 ) respectively. The quantity r is the Gamma function.
Generally, A I = 2.72 and h2= 1.82 exp (-0.02 Hs). Note that H~=,/=.
The significant wave height is related to the variance of the wave spectrum (also known as
the zeroth moment) by

H, = 4& (3.24)

Table 3.12 gives the values of H, and corresponding wo (and To) for the P-M spectrum.
Examples of P-M spectrum for different values of H, are shown in fig. 3.15. The table
and plot should help the reader with a quick reference to the area of the maximum wave
energy for a chosen significant wave height. Note that the peak frequency shifts with the
value of the significant wave height.
The form of JONSWAP spectrum is such that the significant wave height does not directly
enter in the equation. In order to describe a shape of a JONSWAP spectrum for a given H,

Table 3.12 Significant height vs. peak period

for P-M spectrum model

radis
1.018 6.171
10 3.05 0.720 8.726
15 4.57 0.588 10.688
20 6.10 0.509 12.341
25 7.62 0.455 13.798
30 9.15 0.416 15.115
135 110.67 10.385 1 16.3261
~40 1 12.20 10.360 1 17.453'
145 i 13.72 / o m I i8.512i