SMP SAINS MIFTAHUL HUDA

Name : Score Blue Card Yellow Card

Date :

Basic Competence: Indicator:

1.1 Explain and describe the operations of
powers and roots.
1.2 Solve the problems that related to the
operations and the properties of powers and
roots.
 The students can explain the operations of powers
and roots
 The students can solve the problems that related to
operations and properties of powers and roots.

POWERS AND ROOTS

A. POWERS
1. THE MEANING OF POWERS
a × a × a × a × …. × a = an From an, a is called base number of power and n is called exponent
n factors of the number a.
The kinds of power :
Positive Power Negative Power Zero power
an is called positive power, 1 a0 = 1, where a is any real
a−n = n , for n ∈ integers and
because n is positive number. a number and a ≠ 0.
a > 0.

2. THE OPERATIONS OF POWERS

a. Multiplication of two power numbers b. Division of two power numbers
am × an = am + n am : an = am − n
Example : Example :
(53 × 52) + (23 × 22) = (53+2) + (23+2) 4
9

3 = 4 : 4 = 4
9 3 9–3
= 5 5 + 25 4
= 3125 + 32 = 46
= 3157 = 4096
c. Power of two multiplication numbers d. Power of two power numbers
(a× b)n = an × bn (am)n = am × n
Example : Example :
(4 × 3)3 = 43 × 33 (54)3 = 54 × 54 × 54
= 64 × 27 = 54+4+4
= 1.728 = 512

3. THE SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS

a. The scientific number more than 10
a × 10n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n ∈ real number
Example :
a. 600.000 = 6× 105 c. 2.540.000 = 2,54 × 106
b. 160.000 = 1,6 × 105 d. 32.400.000 = 3,24 × 107
b. The scientific number 0 until 1
a × 10−n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n ∈ real number
Example :
8,5 7,1
a. 0,085 = b. 0,00071 =
100 10000
1 1
= 8,5 × = 8,5 × 10−2 = 7,1 × = 7,1 × 10−4
100 10000

Page | 4
IX Imam Syafi’i.1/Appendix Mathematics.3/Powers and Roots/2022
 SMP SAINS MIFTAHUL HUDA

B. ROOTS
1. THE PROPERTIES OF ROOTS
Roots have some properties, usually the properties for finish the problem of roots.

a.
m
√n am = a n f. √n a ×b = √n a × √n b
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
g. a √ c × b √ d = (a × b ) √ c × d
b. √ a × √ a = ( √ a)2 = a
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
c. a √ c + b √ c = (a + b ) √ c
…………………………………………………….
h.
√ a
b
=
√a
√b
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
d. a √ c − b √ c = (a − b ) √ c 2
i. ( √ a+ √b) = (a+ b ¿ + 2√ ab
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
e. √ a × √ b = √ a ×b 2
j. ( √ a−√ b) = (a+ b ¿ − 2√ ab
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….

2. RATIONALIZATION OF SQUARE ROOTS

a
a. Rationalization of
√b
To rationalize
a
, use the formula :
a
=
a
×
√a
√b √b √b √b
Example :

√ 5 1
a. Rationalize the denominator of ! b. Rationalize the denominator of !
6 √2
Answer : Answer :

√
……………………………………………………….
5 = √5
6 √6 ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
=
√ 5 × √6
……………………………………………………….
√ 6 √6
……………………………………………………….
√ 30 = 1 30
6√
= ……………………………………………………….
6
……………………………………………………….

a a
b. Rationalization of and
a+ √ b a− √b
1 1
To rationalize and , use the formula :
a+ √ b a− √ b

Page | 5
IX Imam Syafi’i.1/Appendix Mathematics.3/Powers and Roots/2022
 SMP SAINS MIFTAHUL HUDA

1 1 a− √ b 1 1 a+ √ b
= × and = ×
a+ √ b a+ √ b a− √ b a− √b a− √ b a+ √ b
Example :
3 4
a. Rationalize the denominator of ! b. Rationalize the denominator of !
3+ √ 2 3−√ 5
Answer : Answer :
3 3 3−√ 2 ……………………………………………………….
= ×
3+ √ 2 3+ √ 2 3−√ 2 ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
3(3−√ 2)
= ……………………………………………………….
9−2
……………………………………………………….
9−3 √ 2
= ……………………………………………………….
7
……………………………………………………….
9 3
= − √2
7 7

a a
c. Rationalization of and
√ a+√ b √ a− √b
1 1
To rationalize and , use the formula :
√ a+ √ b √ a− √b
1
=
1
×
√ a− √b and
1
=
1
×
√ a+ √ b
√ a+ √ b √ a+√ b a− √b √ a− √b √ a− √b √ a+ √ b
Example :
3 4
a. Rationalize the denominator of ! b. Rationalize the denominator of !
√3+ √2 √5−√ 3
Answer : Answer :
3
=
3
×
√3−√ 2 ……………………………………………………….
√3+ √2 √3+ √2 √3−√ 2 ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
3( √ 3− √ 2)
= ……………………………………………………….
3−2
……………………………………………………….
3 √ 3−3 √ 2
= ……………………………………………………….
1
……………………………………………………….
= 3 √ 3−3 √ 2

Page | 6
IX Imam Syafi’i.1/Appendix Mathematics.3/Powers and Roots/2022