PHILOSOPHY

Hinduism

4 Supreme Ends
↪ Goals/Purpose
↪ Telos (Greek word)

Purusartha ↪ desires
→ Artha- man’s desire to pursue material wealth
→ Kama- sensual pleasure
→ Dharma- fulfillment of duty essential desires
→ Moksha- spiritual liberation focus of the human→indo philosophy

Samsara- reincarnation
Desires = bad karma/misery (this can lead to samsara)

Caste system
↝
→Brahmins - priestly class
→Ksatriya - warriors/millers
→Vaisha- traders
→Serf- slaves

Desire is bad karma which leads us to samsara.

In order to get off samsara we need to eliminate all desire.
But gaining Moksha to get off samsara is desire.
But the only good desire is moksha.

Indian Philosophy
- One of the oldest in the world

Atman
- Actual
- Consciousness
- Inward (upanishads are more on inward looking)
Empirical Body
- Material
- Physical
- Outward

● The “atman” or God who resides within man’s being is the same “atman”
that is the light of the sun. Thus man’s inner nature and the reality of
the external world are correlated.
● Outward-looking and Inward-lookin are interconnected
 ● Central idea of Upanishads is the ultimate truth is within man.
● To find Supreme reality is by delving deep within himself.
● It is a humanism which believes that the superhuman is within man.

True self = unchanging atman

Atman
- Non-material self which never changes
- Real self is beyond appearance and gender
- Consciousness is the symptoms of the soul
soul=brahman

● Upanishads believe in the ultimate identity of empirical self with the

supreme self

Atman = supreme being

Deep within the atman = man’s true self

Body cannot be the atman

- Body is empirical
Is the mind the atman?
- No, because a lunatic’s mind operates, though he is far from being his
true self
Is rason the atman?
- No, because when a man is asleep his reason is not active but we
cannot say that his self is absent.
Although atman is not to be identified on them (body, mind, reason) it is
present in all of them.

Buddhism

Buddha
- The world is full of sufferings because of desire
- The man is inclined to commit desire but Buddga said to eliminate
desire and that’s when self discipline comes in
- self discipline (to gain spiritual liberation)

Accep reality that we are borne to suffer in order to escape suffering.

Accepting the ieda, we are no longer the victim but victors of suffering.

Pessimistic- thinking negative things kahit hindi mo pa alam ang result

Posivistic- reality is being viewed in empirical view (view we can see w/ our
senses)
Pragmatic- idea that something is useful

Nirvana- spiritual liberation in Buddhism

Even if one element is suffering not all time in your life will be full of misery.
8 Noble Tasks
● The Right Speech
- According toBuddha the more that we speak, the more evil that
comes in the mouth – if you speak more you leak the person in
suffering
● The Right Action
- Buddha didn’t teach his disciple/he allows his disciple to act and
discover the reality of human life

According to Buddha if there is self there will be egoistic and can lead to
more desire.

Self is non existent. If there is self, there is desire then it can lead to
suffering.

Nihilism
Nihilism
- “nothing matters” (since there is no permanent)
- nothing= devoid of anything
- nothing in this world matters
- no permanent thing or fixed belief

Is there something in nothing?

- No, since it will contradict to the very idea of nothing and wala kwenta
ang tanong na yan legit po fur fur istugu istugu

● We cannot objectify nothing because it is an abstract idea

Thing
-generally speaking, exists that are in this world

no thing (“no-thing”)
- Thing refers to object, but this thing refers to context, ideas and values

● We cannot objectify nothing because it will contradict the very idea of

NOTHING (but it dependson the person sometimes because some ideas
can be obecjtify or bring to reality)

According to Friedrich Nietzsche

- nihilism is that the highest values devaluates themselves.
- our existence (action, suffering, willing, feeling) has no meaning
- Nihilism is not the disease but the idea of the existence of tradition (since
tradition limits human person)

To say something that exists contradicts the idea of Nihilism

Positive implication of Nihilism
- Freedom (absence of values that dictates human person)
- Allows us to be creative
- Drives human person to create nothing to something or something in
nothing

Experience matters in nihilistic belief

Nihilism
- Does not emphasize being or existence
- “being that is becoming”
↪ human person is a subject of growth and transformation

● People who are open for change is malayo ang mararating sa buhay
● Only by asking questions is for us to change
● Life should not gbe viewed on a single perspective only
↪ not only “I” but “proactive”

● One could go away from the idea of nothingness when we accept our
situatedness/fatedness.
● Since accepting na ganun nga maghahanap ang tao ng paraan para
makaalis sa nothingness

Man can be limitless (free)

- Human person is limited in physical but we can be limitless on being
limited
- Man can be limitless (free) from the bound of their limit
- Empower own capacities/self

● Experience still matters on Nihilism

● Very existence of us in the world is experience but it is devoid of
meaning, it happens but has no meaning.

Review on Philo (F2F)

Samsara- rebirth, death, birth cycle

Atman- supreme being
Tradition- limits human person

TRUE- Our terndency to be subjected into any authority from the idea
that “loob” emanate from God and we are bound to obey God
TRUE- In the concept of loob lack some of responsibility and accountability
TRUE- Love is directed towards the encounter with God
TRUE- Utang na loob has become a toxic Filipino Culture
4 Supreme Ends- Karma, Dharma, Moksha, and Samsara
CASTE SYSTEM- System of social c,asses in indian culture derived from the
sacred scriptures
MOKSHA- Highest ends and goals of a human person in the light of indian
philosophy
SELF- According to Ayn Rand, what is the personalistic counterpart of the
filipino concept of “loob”

According to filipino philosophy, loob is transcendental concept which

means the “I” participates in the community of other is called “we”

What is there in nothing? Is there something in nothing

- Shutangina wag niyo ito sagutin kasi wala kwenta itong tanong na ito