Colligative Properties

of Solutions
 Most Essential Learning Competencies
+Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative
properties of solutions;
+Differentiate the colligative properties of
nonelectrolyte solutions and of electrolyte solutions;
+Calculate boiling point elevation and freezing point
depression from the concentration of a solute in a
solution;
+Calculate molar mass from colligative property data
Recall:
What are the different ways in which we can
express concentration of solutions?
Introduction
Colligative Properties
of Solutions
Colligative Properties
 Colligative Properties
Colligative Properties
+ is a subset of the intensive properties of a system
+ can only be applied to solutions
+ are the physical changes that result from adding
solute to a solvent
+ solution properties that depend only upon the total
concentration of solute species, regardless of their
identities
 Colligative Properties
Colligative Properties
+ Note: Many solution properties are dependent
upon the chemical identity of the solute.
+Compared to pure water, a solution of hydrogen
chloride is more acidic, a solution of ammonia is
more basic, a solution of sodium chloride is more
dense, and a solution of sucrose is more viscous.
NOT COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES!
 Colligative Properties
Colligative Properties
+are characteristics of chemical solutions that depend on
the number of solute particles compared to solvent
particles, not on the chemical identity of the solute
particles
+depend on the following:
+amount of solute particles present
+the solvent amount
+ the type of solvent
+do not depend on type of solute particles
Colligative Properties
Electrolyte and
Non-electrolyte
Solutions
 Colligative Properties
Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes
+ Electrolytes are substances that can form solutions that
are able to conduct electricity through this solution.
+Example: In the presence of water, solid sodium chloride
dissociates as it is dissolved 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑠 → 𝑁𝑎+ 𝑎𝑞 + 𝐶𝑙 − (𝑎𝑞)
+Non-electrolytes are substances that do not create
conductive solutions when dissolved in a solvent.
+Example: when sugar is dissolved in water, it exists in
molecular form (does not dissociate into ions)
 Colligative Properties
Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes
+ The key difference between colligative properties of
electrolytes and nonelectrolytes is that the effect of
electrolytes on colligative properties is very high
compared to that of the nonelectrolytes.
 Colligative Properties
Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes

https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-colligative-properties-of-electrolytes-and-vs-nonelectrolytes/
Effect of Concentration
to the Colligative
Properties of Solutions
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+ Freezing points of solutions are lower than freezing
points of pure solvents.
+Example: the addition of ethylene glycol (“antifreeze”) to the
water in an automobile radiator

https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/what-does-ethylene-glycol-do-to-the-solution-in-a-vehicles-radiator.html
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+The depression of the freezing point is directly proportional to
solute molality.
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖𝐾𝑓 𝑚
where 𝑚 is the molal concentration
𝑖 is the Van’t Hoff factor (the degree of disassociation of a
solute in a solvent)
𝐾𝑓 is the freezing point depression constant
∆𝑇𝑓 is the decrease in freezing point of a solution
compared to that of the pure solvent
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
Freezing Point °𝑪
Compound 𝑲𝒇 ( )
(ºC) 𝒎
water 0 1.853
acetic acid 16.66 3.90
benzene 5.53 5.12
naphthalene 80.29 6.94
carbon tetrachloride -22.95 29.8
chloroform -63.5 4.68
nitrobenzene 5.67 8.1
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+B.1. What is the freezing point of the 0.33 m solution of a
nonelectrolyte solute in benzene?
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+B.2. What is the freezing point of a 1.85 m solution of a
nonelectrolyte solute in nitrobenzene?
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+B.3. Determine the molecular weight of acetic acid if a
solution that contains 30.0 grams of acetic acid per
kilogram of water freezes at -0.93°C. Do these results
agree with the assumption that acetic acid has the
formula CH3CO2H?
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+ B.3. Determine the molecular weight of acetic acid if a solution that contains 30.0 grams of
acetic acid per kilogram of water freezes at -0.93°C. Do these results agree with the
assumption that acetic acid has the formula CH3CO2H?
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+B.4. When 92.0 g of a molecular compound was
dissolved in 1000. g of water, the freezing point of the
solution was lowered to −3.72 °C. What is the molecular
weight of the compound?
 Colligative Properties
Freezing Point Depression
+B.5. Calculate the freezing point of a solution prepared
by adding 239.0 g of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate to
4.00 liters of water.
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+ The boiling points of solutions are higher than that of the
pure solvent.
+When solute is added to the solvent, vapor pressure of
the solution becomes less than the vapor pressure of
pure solvent, and hence, the boiling point of a solution
will be greater than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+Example: cooking with salt

https://studiousguy.com/boiling-point-examples-in-everyday-life/
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+ The boiling points elevation is directly proportional to the
molality of the solute.
∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑖𝐾𝑏 𝑚
where 𝑚 is the molal concentration
𝑖 is the Van’t Hoff factor (the degree of disassociation of a
solute in a solvent)
𝐾𝑏 is the boiling point elevation constant
∆𝑇𝑏 is the increase in boiling point of a solution
compared to that of the pure solvent
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
Boiling Point °𝑪
Compound 𝑲𝒃 ( )
(ºC) 𝒎
water 100 0.515
ethyl ether 34.55 1.824
carbon disulfide 46.23 2.35
benzene 80.10 2.53
carbon tetrachloride 76.72 5.03
chloroform 61.26 3.63
camphor 207.42 5.611
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+B.6. What is the boiling point of a 0.33 m solution of a
nonvolatile solute in benzene?
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+B.7. If 90.0 g of nonionizing C6H12O6, are dissolved in
255 g of H2O, what will be the boiling point of the
resulting solution?
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+B.8. If 152 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, are dissolved in
875 g of H2O, what will be the boiling point of the
resulting solution? Assume 100% ionization.
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+B.9. What is the molecular mass of an organic compound
if 16.00 g of the compound is dissolved in 225.0 g of
carbon tetrachloride raises the boiling point to 85.36 °C?
 Colligative Properties
Boiling Point Elevation
+B.10. A solution of 10.0 g of a nonvolatile, non-
disassociating compound dissolved in 0.200 kg of
benzene boils at 81.2 °C. Calculate the molecular weight
of the compound.
 Colligative Properties
Performance Task
Construct an Infographic about the Colligative
Properties of Solutions: Freezing Point Depression
and Boiling Point Elevation (with example).
Criteria: Deadline:
Content - 40% April 11, 2023
Design – 40%
Representation – 20%