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AStat Module - Q4 W1 and W2 1 PDF
AStat Module - Q4 W1 and W2 1 PDF
N: _________
NAME: _________________________________________ GR. & SEC: ____________________
To the Learners:
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Writing enhances learning. Keep this in mind and take note of the important
concepts in your notebook.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Analyze the post-test and apply what you have learned.
5. Enjoy studying!
During the final week of the second quarter we discussed normal distribution. We
learned that a normal distribution is a type of data distribution where most of the data is
clustered around a central value which is known as the mean and is considered equal to
the median and mode. Normal distribution is a bell shaped curve and is a type of
continuous probability distribution where the center represents the mean value and data
are equally distributed below and above that value. Let’s take a look at this bell curve
and recall its characteristics.
Now that we are done recalling the characteristics of a normal distribution, let's
proceed to our new lesson which is about identifying and comparing a standard and
non-standard normal distribution in terms of their properties and characteristics.
The value of the z score will allow us to easily calculate the probability of a score
occurring within the normal distribution and will enable us to compare 2 scores that are
from different normal distributions.e
Any normal distribution regardless of its mean value or standard deviation can be
converted into a standard normal distribution. To do that we have to learn how to
calculate the equivalent z scores of each raw score or data point. These are the simple
steps in calculating z scores
1. Subtract the mean from the individual value
2. Divide the difference by the standard deviation
These steps can be represented by the equation 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
Example
Suppose that we gathered data from last year’s final chemistry exam and found
out that it followed a normal distribution with a mean value of 60 and a standard
deviation of 10. Draw the normal curve and the standard normal curve of the data set
then calculate the corresponding z-scores of the following raw scores.
a. 35 b. 50 c. 60 d. 90 e. 95
a. X = 35, 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
= 35 − 60
10
= -2.5
Interpretation: The raw score of 35 is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean value
b. X = 50, 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
= 50 − 60
10
= -1
Interpretation: 50 is exactly 1 standard deviation below the mean value
c. X = 60, 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
= 60 − 60
10
=0
Interpretation: The z score of mean value is 0
d. X = 90, 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
= 90 − 60
10
=3
Interpretation: 90 is exactly 3 standard deviations above the mean value
e. X = 95, 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
= 95 − 60
10
= 3.5
Interpretation: 95 is 3.5 standard deviations above the mean value
𝑧 = − 0. 3333
Interpretation
The sugar content of Mocha Cappuccino in James’ coffee shop is 0.3333 standard
deviations below the mean sugar content of 32 drinks.
Example 2
The scores on a Mathematics final exam have a mean of 85 and a standard
deviation of 4. Arvin scored 89 on that exam. If the exam scores are normally distributed
what is the equivalent z score of Arvin’s raw score?
Solution
Use the formula 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
then identify and substitute the given values
Arvin’s raw score X = 89
Mean score µ = 85
Standard deviation σ = 4
89 − 85
𝑧 = 4
𝑧 = 1
Interpretation
Arvin’s score is exactly 1 standard deviation above the mean value
Example 3
Drinks at Ben's Beans coffee shop have a mean sugar content of 20 g, with a
standard deviation of 6g. The sugar content in a Grande Cappuccino at Ben's Beans has
a z-score of -0.75 compared to the rest of the drinks at that shop. How much sugar is in
Grande Cappuccino at Ben’s Beans?
Solution
Use the formula 𝑧 =
𝑥−μ
σ
then identify and substitute the given values
Z score = -0.75
Mean value µ = 20g
Standard deviation σ = 6g
ADVANCED STATISTICS QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 & 2 Page 6 | 8
This time we have to find the value of sugar content in Grande Cappuccino instead of its
z score.
𝑥 − 20
− 0. 75 = 6
𝑥 = (− 0. 75 ✕ 6 ) + 20
𝑥 = 15. 5𝑔
Interpretation
The Grande cappuccino in Ben's Beans coffee shop has a 15 g sugar content
which is 0.75 standard deviations below the mean value of 20 g.
To deepen your understanding of our topic, try answering the following activities
Activities
Activity 1
Identify if the statement is true or false
1. The standard normal distribution is also known as the normal curve
2. The total area under the normal curve is 100%
3. The curve of the normal distribution extends indefinitely at the tails
4. The larger the standard deviation, the taller the curve will be
5. A negative z score means the point value is above the mean value
6. A positive z score means the point value is below the mean value
7. The corresponding z score of the mean value is zero
8. Z score is a measure of how many standard deviations from the mean value a
point value lies.
Activity 2
Solve for the equivalent z scores of the following raw scores from a given normal
distribution. Show your solution
1. The height of students from a science high school is normally distributed with a
mean value μ = 156 cm and a standard deviation σ = 6 cm. Find the z score of the
following height
a. 145 cm
b. 150 cm
c. 160 cm
d. 165 cm
e. 156 cm
2. The average weight of newborn babies is 7.5 lbs. with a standard deviation of 0.8
lbs. determine the z score of the following raw scores
Activity 3
Solve the following problems involving standard scores. Write the interpretation
1. Scores on a history test have an average of 80 with a standard deviation of 6. What
is the z-score for a student who earned a 75 on the test?
2. Books in the library are found to have an average length of 350 pages with a standard
deviation of 100 pages. What is the z-score corresponding to a book of length 80
pages?
3. Drinks from a coffee shop have a mean sugar content of 18g with a standard
deviation of 6g. The sugar content of a certain drink has a z score of -0.85. How
much sugar does it contain?
4. The average weight of an adult Filipino is 52 kg. If the z score of a 55 kg Filipino is
0.38, what is the standard deviation?
5. The average normal body temperature is 98.6 ℉ with a standard deviation of 0.4 ℉.
What is the temperature of a person with a z score of 1.5?
References
Bhandari, P. (2020, November 09). The Standard Normal Distribution: Examples, Explanations,
Uses. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/standard-normal-distribution/