5116723, 802 PM Material nd Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp au About Process Engineering Industry ChemEnggHelp Heterogeneous Stuff Material And Energy Balance For Distillation Process Leave a Comment / Heterogeneous Stuff / By K Mehra In chemical process industries distillation columns are widely used unit operation. And, based on the production capacities this can be batch distillation or continuous distillation process. Table of Contents 1. What is Distillation Column? 2. Operating Conditions Distillation Column 3. Material Balance for Distillation Column, 4, Heat Balance for Distillation Column 5, Utility Requirement for Distillation Column 6.Conclusion What is Distillation Column? Distillation column separate a feed stream having multiple components into two different streams based on the difference in boiling points. So, higher the boiling point difference easier the separation. While, for close boiling point components mixture separation is very difficult. Therefore, in case of close boiling mixture distillation we need very large height columns and high reflux ratio. Furthermore, when boiling point difference is around 1.5 degC or less we use azeotropic or extractive distillation method to separate the mixture The stream coming out from top and bottom of distillation column is distillate and bottom products respectively. In distillation column we supply heat from bottom via reboiler. And, use condenser to remove heat at the top. The component having low vapor pressure comes out from top, while high boiling point components comes out from bottom of the column. hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process! mn5116723, 802 PM Material and Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp MICROTEX Diesel Locomotive Battery {BD x Mitteciornlre nen | So, to check the performance of a distillation column you need to do material and energy balance. This theoretical estimation tells you about gaps from the operating conditions. Afterwards, these gaps provides opportunities for improvements in terms of steam & power norm reduction. Further to meet this requirement there are various improvement techniques like column heat integration, pinch technology, heat pump in distillation, ete. Hence, we will consider an example to understand the material and energy balance around a distillation column. In a typical continuous distillation column there are five control loops, column feed control, reboiler steam flow control, column bottom level control, reflux flow control and reflux pot level control. There there are five control valves in these control loops. Operating Conditions Distillation Column So, for our case we will consider a case t distill out the feed mixture containing benzene and toluene. The feed rate is 1000 kg/h of a mixture containing 65 wt% benzene and 35 wt% toluene. Top product purity is 30 mol% benzene and 80 mol% toluene in bottom product. Feed temperature is 50 °C and Reflux ratio for the column is 1:2. In our example we are considering reflux at saturation temperature. However, in actual it is at sub-cooled reflux temperature and this affect the distillation column capacity and specific energy requirements. Column is operating at atrnospheric pressure, hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process! ant5116723, 802 PM Material and Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp [Bsnvene [ocoo [| \ Reflux Ratio= 1:2 4 ao] | Distillation Column Material Balance for Distillation Column We can convert feed composition in mole% hitps:iwww:chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process!5116723, 802 PM Material and Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp Benzene Toluene 35 350 92 Total mol balance for system will be F= D+w 12.14 =D+W (Eq.1) Mol balance for benzene 833 =0.90*D +0.20*W (Eq.2) Mol Balance for Toluene 3.80 =0.10*D +0.80*W (Eq.3) From (Eg.2) Ww (8.33/0.2) - (0.9/0.2)*D W= 41.65-4.5*D Substitute the value of W in Eq.3, we get 3.80 = 0.10*D + 0.80*(41.65 - 4.50*D) 3.80 = 33.32 — 3.60*D) Eliminating D from rom Eq.1, we get hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process! ant5116723, 802 PM Material nd Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp Mass flow rate of Distillate Wt% of benzene & toluene in distillate = (8.43 * 0.90) * 78 *100/669.34 = 88.41 wt% Xpr = 100.00 — 88.41 = 11.59 wt% Mass flow rate of Bottom product Wt% of benzene & toluene in bottom product Xws = (3.71 * 0.20) * 78 *100/330.66 = 17.50 wt% Xwr = 100.00 — 17.50 = 82.50 wt% Material balance table for our case will be as Mass Flow Rate_| kg/h 1000.00 669.34 330.66 Mol Flow Rate | kmol/h 12.14 8.43 3.74 Mol % Benzene mol % 68.66 90.00 20.00 Toluene mol % 31.34 10.00 80.00 Mass % Benzene wi% 65.00 88.41 17.50 Toluene wie 35.00 11.59 82.50 Heat Balance for Distillation Column Feed temperature, Ty= 50 °C Heat Capacity of Feed, Cpr = 0.42 keal/kg-°C Heat Capacity of Distillate, Cpg = 0.44 keal/ka-°C Column top temperature, T; = 82°C hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process!5116723, 802 PM Material nd Energy Balance fr Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp Column bottom temperature, Th = 104 °C Latent heat of top product, Ho = 94 kcal/kg Latent heat of bottom product, Hw = 88 kcal/kg Reflux ratio, R=1:2 Vapor rates from column will be, V = D + 2* D = 3* 669.34 = 2008.02 kg/h Heat load on reboiler will be, Qp =F *Cor* To -T 1 V* Ho Reboiler duty Qp = 1000*0.42*(104 - 50) + 2008.02°94 Calculated reboiler duty Qy = 211,434 kcal/h So, heat load on condenser will be (assuming distillate is at 5 degC subcooled) Condenser duty Q. = V*Cpg* (Tr-5) #V* Ho Putting the numbers, Q. = 2008.02"0.44*(82 ~ 5) + 2008.02°94 56,786 kcal/h Calculated condenser duty Qe = Utility Requirement for Distillation Column We are considering saturated steam @ 3.0 kg/cm2g is fed to reboiler for distillation column heat supply. The latent heat of steam is S07 kcal/kg. Assuming reboiler condensate is at saturated temperature, So, steam flow rate will be as below Im, = Qu/507 = 211,434/507 = 417 kg/h For cooling water requirement, assuming cooling water supply temperature to condenser 32 degC and return temperature is 38 degC. Therefore, cooling water requirement for the condenser will be as follows Me = Qe/ (Cpw * (38 - 32)) = 256,786/(I*(38 - 32)) = 42,798 kg/h Conclusion hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process! ont16123, 802 PM Material and Energy Balance fr Distlaon Process - ChemEnggHelp However, you can do these calculations using process simulators like ChemCad, Aspen, Pro2 ete. In my view, during starting phase of your carrier always do process calculations by hand. This will enable you to visualize the process steps and moreover reinforce your confidence also. Process simulators are like a black box, in this you give input variables and define few m parameters. And, after doing some iteration simulator generate an output. So, sy to interpret this output you need to understand how this calculation is done by the simulator. In this case if you have performed calculation by hand, then it will be very easy for you to check the simulator output. Ox MICROTEX Diesel Locomotive Battery Dilek cin Thank you very much for your reading looking forward for your comments. +— Previous Post Next Post > Leave a Comment Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * hitps:iwww.chemengghelp comimb-hb-distlation-process! mm5116723, 802 PM Material nd Energy Balance for Distlation Process - ChemEnggHelp Type here. 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