Hydraulic Engineering

ENC 3107

Dr. Ahmed Youssef

Lecture # 5
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

 Design of Open Channels Cross Sections: ‫تصميم قطاعات القنوات المشكوفة‬

:‫تصميم اي قطاع معناه ايجاد أبعاد القطاع‬

• y: water depth ‫عمق المياة‬

• b: bed width ‫عرض القناة‬

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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

 Best hydraulic section: ‫القطاع األفضل هيدروليكيا‬
• Most economical section ً ‫األفضل اقتصاديا‬

• Most efficient section ‫األكثر كفاءة‬

• Optimum section ‫القطاع المثالي‬

Qmax Pmin ‫هو القطاع الذي يحمل أكبر كمية تصرف عند أقل محيط مبتل‬
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

 Rectangular section

y
b  2y R
2
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

 Trapezoidal section

y 𝐛 + 𝟐𝐙𝐲
R 𝟐
= 𝐲 𝐙𝟐 + 𝟏
2

𝟏
Z= b = 1.155 y
𝟑
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

Example (3.1):
A concrete lined rectangular channel is to be constructed to convey maximum
discharge of 150 m3/sec to hydropower installation. The bed slope is 20 cm/km and
Manning coefficient is 0.016. Determine the width of the channel and the depth of flow
for the most economic section.
Solution:
Rect. Sec. Q = 150 m3/sec So = 20 x 10−5 n= 0.016 b = ?? y = ??

y
most economic section b  2y R
2
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

A = b x y = 2y x y = 2y2
1
Q = AV From Manning equation: V = n R2/3 S1/2
1 2/3 1/2
Q = (2y2) x R S
n

1 y
150 = (2y2) x x (2)2/3 x (20 x 10−5)1/2 y = 6.3 m
0.016

b = 2y = 2 x 6.3 = 12.6 m
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

Example (3.2):
Determine the dimensions of the most economical trapezoidal earth lined channel,
Manning n = 0.025 to carry a discharge of 8.0 m3/sec at a slope 4 in 10000.
Solution:
Trapoz. Sec. Q = 8 m3/sec So = 4 x 10−4 n= 0.025 b = ?? y = ??

y 𝐛 + 𝟐𝐙𝐲
most economic section R = 𝐲 𝐙𝟐 + 𝟏
2 𝟐

𝟏
Z= b = 1.155 y
𝟑
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

1 2
A = by + zy2 = 1.155 y x y + y = 1.73 y2
3

Q = AV
1 2/3 1/2
Q = (1.73 y2 ) x R S
n

1 y
8 = (1.73 y2 ) x x (2)2/3 x (4 x 10−4)1/2 y = 2.3 m
0.025

b = 1.155 y = 1.155 x 2.3 = 2.6 m

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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

Example (3.3):
A channel having n = 0.02, So = 5 x 10−4 is to carry a design flow of 25 m3/sec. Design
the optimum section if the cross section should be rectangular or trapezoidal and
which is the best cross section.
Solution:
Q = 25 m3/sec So = 5 x 10−4 n = 0.02 OR

 For rectangular section

y
Optimum section b  2y R
2
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

A = b x y = 2y x y = 2y2
1 2/3 1/2
Q = AV Q = (2y2) x R S
n

1 y
25 = (2y2) x x (2)2/3 x (5 x 10−4)1/2 y=3m
0.02

b = 2y = 2 x 3 = 6m

P = b + 2y = 6 + 2 x 3 = 12 m
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

 For trapezoidal section

y 𝐛 + 𝟐𝐙𝐲
Optimum section R = 𝐲 𝐙𝟐 + 𝟏
2 𝟐

𝟏
Z= b = 1.155 y
𝟑

1 2
A = by + zy2 = 1.155 y x y + y = 1.73 y2
3
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Design of Open Channels Cross Sections

1 2/3 1/2
Q = AV Q = (1.73 y2 ) x n
R S

1 y −4
25 = (1.73 y2 ) x x (2)2/3 x (5 x 10 )1/2 y = 3.1 m
0.02

b = 1.155 y = 1.155 x 3.1 = 3.6 m

𝟏 2
P = b + 2y 𝑧 2 + 1 = 3.6 + 2 x 3.1 ( 𝟑) + 1 = 10.7 m

The best section is the trapezoidal section due to the lower wetted perimeter
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THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at @ahmadyoussef14@gmail.com