Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 4

5HDVRQDEOH &RDO 3LOODU 6L]H 'HVLJQ

LQ ;LDRPLQJ 0LQH
+RQJ *DR  6KHQJ /L㧘 <LQJ &KHQ 㧘5LFKHQJ /LX
&ROOHJH RI 5HVRXUFH DQG (QYLURQPHQW (QJLQHHULQJ &ROOHJH RI 5HVRXUFH DQG (QYLURQPHQW (QJLQHHULQJ
/LDRQLQJ 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ )X[LQ  &KLQD /LDRQLQJ 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ )X[LQ  &KLQD
;LDRPLQJ &RDO 0LQH7LHID 0LQLQJ ,QGXVWU\ *URXS
FRPS 'LDRELQJVKDQ /LDRQLQJ  &KLQD

$EVWUDFW 7KH SLOODU VL]H KDV JUHDW LQIOXHQFH QRW RQO\ RQ WKH ᵓϞᮍ  P 㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬ችԧߎ⦄䕗ᇥ㺖䱭ˈ≵᳝⾏ሖߎ
VWDELOLW\ RI VXUURXQGLQJ URFN EXW DOVR RQ WKH UHFRYHU\ UDWH RI ⦄˗Ꮛ䘧ᑩᵓችሖ  P 㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬᳝㺖䱭ঞ⾏ሖ⦄䈵ˈᑩᵓች
ሖⱘফ࡯⸈ണᰃ䗴៤Ꮛ䘧ᑩ哧ⱘॳ಴DŽ䞛ぎऎջᐂ  P
FRDO UHVRXUFHV ZKLFK GLUHFWO\ DIIHFWV WKH HFRQRPLF EHQHILWV RI
㣗ೈ‫ߚݙ‬Ꮧⴔᆚ䲚ⱘ㺖䱭ऎϢ⸈⹢ऎˈ䇈ᯢ䆹ᐂফЈ䖥䞛
FRDO $FFRUGLQJ WR ;LDR0LQJ WLHID FRDOPLQLQJ JURXS JHROR ぎऎⱘᕅડϹ䞡DŽಲ䞛ջᐂ䪏ᄨ  P 㣗ೈ‫⦄ߎݙ‬њ㺖䱭
JLFDO FRQGLWLRQV DQG WKH XVH RI FRDO SLOODU LW DGRSWV ILHOG ੠⸈⹢ऎˈ⏅䚼✸ԧᅠᭈDŽ
PHDVXUHPHQW QXPHULFDO VLPXODWLRQ DQG WKHRU\ FDOFXODWLRQ
,,, ᭄ؐ῵ᢳߚᵤ
PHWKRGV WR JHW VPDOO FRDO SLOODU ZLGWK DQG UHDVRQDEOH ZLGH
VL]H RI FRDO SLOODU 8VH URFN VWUDWXP GHWHFW WR ILQG RXW WKH ᭄ؐ῵ᢳ⊩ᰃ߽⫼᳝䰤‫ܗ‬䅵ㅫ䕃ӊᇍϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺϟ
ⱘᏋ䘧ೈችবᔶǃফ࡯ˈ䖯㸠䅵ㅫߚᵤDŽ)/$&' ᭄ؐ῵
ILVVXUHV IDXOWV EURNHQ DUHD DQDO\]H WKH FRDO SLOODU VWUHVV DQG
ᢳ䕃ӊ‫݋‬᳝ᕜᔎⱘ䖤ㅫࡳ㛑ৠᯊ‫݋‬᳝῵ᢳϡৠഄ䋼ᴵӊǃ
GLVSODFHPHQW GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH GLIIHUHQW SLOODU ZLGWKV    ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺ⫮㟇ᰃϡৠᬃᡸᔎᑺϟ✸᷅ⱘফ࡯ǃবᔶㄝ
DQGP E\ )/$&' VLPXODWLRQ RI QXPHULFDO VLPXODWLRQ ⢊‫݋ˈމ‬᳝ϔᅮⱘӬ䍞ᗻDŽḍ᥂ᰧᯢⷓ 1 Ꮉ԰䴶ഄ䋼
VRIWZDUH GHWHUPLQH D UHDVRQDEOH VL]H ILQDOO\,W SURYLGHV D ᚙ‫މ‬ᓎゟ῵ൟབ೒ ˈ῵ᢳ✸᷅ᆑᑺߚ߿Ў  Pǃ Pǃ
JXDUDQWHH RI VHFXULW\ IRU WKH H[SORLWDWLRQ RI WKH PLQH  P ǃ P ᯊᎹ԰䴶ঞ✸᷅ⱘೈችᑨ࡯ߚᏗ㾘ᕟˈ᳔㒜
.H\ZRUGV &RDO PLQLQJ
PLQLQJ 1XPHULFDO VLPXODWLRQ
VLPXODWLRQ 3LOODU VL]H
VL]H 6WUHVV ⹂ᅮড়⧚ⱘ✸᷅ሎᇌDŽḍ᥂Ꮉ԰䴶ഄ䋼ᴵӊ੠✸ችᴵӊ⊓
DQG GLVSODFHPHQW GLVWULEXWLRQ Ꮉ԰䴶䍄৥ᓎゟ῵ൟˈ῵ൟ㣗ೈЎ  P h P ˈ݅ᓎ
ゟ  Ͼऩ‫ܗ‬㔥Ḑˈ Ͼ㡖⚍˄೒ ˅DŽ
, ᓩ㿔
ᡸᏋ✸᷅ᆑᑺᇍ✸᷅ⱘ〇ᅮᗻ੠Ꮛ䘧㓈ᡸ䍋ⴔᵕ݊䞡


㽕ⱘ԰⫼ˈᇍᦤ催✸⚁䞛ߎ⥛г‫݋‬᳝䞡㽕ᛣНDŽ໻䞣ⱘ⦄
   

എᅲ䏉䆕ᯢˈᇣ✸᷅ሎᇌ೼ᕜ໻⿟ᑺϞ‫އ‬ᅮⴔᏋ䘧ⱘ〇ᅮ
ᗻDŽⳂࠡˈ䆌໮✸᷅ሎᇌⱘ⹂ᅮ䞛⫼㒣偠㉏↨⊩ˈᕜ໮䖬 


䞛⫼ᆑ✸᷅ᡸᏋDŽབԩḍ᥂Ꮛ䘧ೈችⱘ‫݋‬ԧᴵӊˈড়⧚ⱘ 䞛ぎऎ 䞛ぎऎ


⹂ᅮ⏅ѩ⊓ぎᏋ䘧✸᷅ⱘሎᇌˈᇍѢᏋ䘧ᅝܼ੠Ꮉ԰䴶ℷ


ᐌ⫳ѻˈ‫݋‬᳝䞡㽕ⱘᛣНDŽ 䖤乎 䞛ぎऎ




䪕⊩ᰧᯢⷓ 1 Ꮉ԰䴶ԡѢ 1 䞛ऎϗሖб↉ˈ࣫䚼



 



ЎᰧᯢⷓϢ໻ᯢⷓѩ⬄䖍⬠ˈϰ䚼Ў 1 Ꮉ԰䴶䞛ぎ


ऎˈ㽓䚼Ў ) ᮁሖˈϞ䚼ᰃ 1ǃ1 䞛ぎऎDŽഄ ✸ 㒚ⷖች

㉝ⷖች ㉫ⷖች ⷖ䋼⊹ች ⷖ⸒ች ⊹ች ऩ৥೎ᅮ Ϟ㽚ೈችय़࡯ ঠ৥೎ᅮ
䴶ᷛ催Ў̚ P ˈѩϟᷛ催Ў̚ P DŽ䆹
೒  Ꮉ԰䴶䍄৥῵ൟ
Ꮉ԰䴶✸ሖᭈԧਜ৥᭰ᵘ䗴ˈ䍄৥ eˈϸ㗐ؒ㾦ϡ
ㄝˈफ䚼ᑇഛ eˈ࣫䚼ᑇഛ eDŽ䆹Ꮉ԰䴶ᑇഛ✸८ )LJ  )DFH WRZDUG WKH PRG

 P ˈⳈ᥹乊Ў㉫ⷖች੠㒚≭ችˈ८ᑺ㑺Ў  P˗Ⳉ


᥹乊Ў㉝ⷖች੠㒚ⷖችˈ㑺Ў  P˗Ӿ乊Ў⚁䋼义ችˈ $ ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺ✸ԧᑨ࡯ߚᏗ⡍ᕕ
㑺Ў  P˗Ⳉ᥹ᑩЎ㉝ⷖችˈ㑺Ў  PDŽ
೒  ੠೒  Ўϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺϟˈᏋ䘧ϸջ✸ԧঞ✸᷅
,, ⦄എᅲ⌟ߚᵤ ⱘൖⳈᑨ࡯ߚᏗ೒ˈৃҹᕜⳈ㾖ⱘⳟࠄ೼ϡৠ✸᷅ᴵӊ
⬅䪏ᄨ㾚乥೒‫˖ⶹৃڣ‬乊ᵓফ䞛ࡼᕅડϡϹ䞡ˈ೼乊 ϟˈ✸ԧ੠✸᷅ⱘফ࡯ᚙ‫މ‬DŽ

෎䞥乍Ⳃ˖ ೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥乍Ⳃ˄˅

978-1-4244-9439-2/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE


4272
᷅ᯊ✸᷅ᡓফⱘᑨ࡯᳔Ԣˈ✸᷅Џ㽕䍋ⱘϡᰃᡓ䕑ԧⱘ԰
⫼ˈ㗠ᰃ䍋ࠄ䱨⾏䞛ぎⱘ԰⫼ˈᏋ䘧Ϣ✸᷅໘Ѣ䞛ぎᔶ៤
ⱘᑨ࡯䰡Ԣऎ‫ˈݙ‬䞛⫼䖭ḋⱘ✸᷅ˈ‫ޣ‬ᇥњ✸⚁ᤳ༅DŽ
P ✸᷅ᯊˈ✸᷅Ϟⱘᑨ࡯䲚Ё⿟ᑺ᳔໻ˈ✸᷅ᰃЏ㽕ᡓ䕑
ԧˈ✸᷅ᆍᯧ⸈ᤳˈᏋ䘧ᬃᡸ䕗ೄ䲒DŽ  P ✸᷅ᯊˈᏋ
䘧ೈችঞ✸᷅ফ࡯ഛࣔˈ✸᷅‫ݙ‬᳝ϔᅮᆑᑺⱘᔍᗻḌऎˈ
䍋ࠄњᡓ䕑Ϟ㽚ችሖⱘ԰⫼ˈ೼ᅗⱘᬃᩥϟˈᏋ䘧ᰃᆍᯧ
㓈ᡸⱘ>@DŽ
% ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺᏋ䘧ԡ⿏ߚᏗ⡍ᕕ
೒ a೒  ᰃϡৠ✸ⷓᆑᑺᇍᏋ䘧乊ᵓ੠ϸᐂⱘൖⳈ
ԡ⿏ߚᏗ᳆㒓DŽϝϾ೒ԡ⿏᳆㒓ᭈԧ䛑䱣ⴔ✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘ๲
೒  ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺᏋ䘧ϸջ✸ԧൖⳈᑨ࡯ߚᏗ ໻ˈᏋ䘧乊ᵓ੠ϸᐂⱘԡ⿏ব࣪䞣䗤⏤‫ޣ‬ᇣDŽ⬅೒  ৃ
ⶹˈᡸᏋ✸᷅Ў  P ᯊˈ乊ᵓথ⫳њ䕗໻ⱘԡ⿏˄᳔໻ԡ
)LJ  'LIIHUHQW FRDO SLOODU ZLGWK
ZLGWKVV FRDO URDGZD\ RQ ERWK VLGHV RI WKH
⿏䞣䖒  PP˅ ˈ䇈ᯢ䆹㣗ೈ‫✸ⱘݙ‬ሖথ⫳њᔎᑺ⸈ണˈ
YHUWLFDO VWUHVV GLVWULEXWLRQ
ᡓ䕑㛑࡯ϟ䰡DŽԚ䱣ⴔ✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘ๲໻ˈ乊ᵓⱘൖⳈԡ⿏
䞣䗤⏤‫ޣ‬ᇣˈᔧ✸᷅䖒ࠄ  P ᯊˈ乊ᵓ᳔໻ԡ⿏䞣 Ў
 PP ˈԡ⿏᳆㒓Ⳍᇍ↨䕗〇ᅮDŽ⬅ѢফЈ䖥䞛ぎऎⱘ
ᕅડˈᭈԧԡ⿏᳆㒓ਜ䴲ᇍ⿄ᔶᗕߚᏗˈ乊ᵓ೼䴴䖥Ј䖥
䞛ぎऎջ  P ໘ԡ⿏䖒ࠄ᳔໻DŽ
⬅೒  ৃⶹˈǃǃǃ P ⱘ✸᷅ˈ∈ᑇԡ⿏೼Ꮛ
䘧ಲ䞛ջᐂ a P 㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬থ⫳њ䕗໻ⱘԡ⿏ˈᭈԧⱘԡ
⿏᳆㒓≵᳝  P ੠  P ⱘ✸᷅ⱘԡ⿏᳆㒓ᑇ〇ˈ䇈ᯢ
 Pa P 㣗ೈ‫✸ⱘݙ‬᷅ˈᡓ䕑㛑࡯䕗催ˈ〇ᅮᗻ䕗དˈ
✸᷅ᭈԧ໘Ѣᬊᬯ⢊ᗕDŽ
⬅೒  ৃⶹˈ೼✸᷅ջᐂˈ⬅Ѣ䴴䖥䞛ぎऎˈ݊ᭈԧ
ԡ⿏ব࣪䞣↨೼ಲ䞛ջᐂ˄೒ ˅㽕໻ˈ䇈ᯢ 1 䖤乎
೒  ϡৠᆑᑺ✸᷅ൖⳈᑨ࡯ߚᏗ
䴴䖥䞛ぎऎᐂফ䞛ぎऎⱘᕅડ䖬ᰃᕜ໻ⱘˈԡ⿏ব࣪䕗ᯢ
ᰒDŽԡ⿏෎ᴀਜঠዄ᳆㒓ˈ೼ ̚ P ໘䖒ࠄዄؐˈজ
)LJ  7KH YHUWLFDO VWUHVV GLVWULEXWLRQ RQ GLIIHUHQW ZLGWK
ZLGWKVV RI FRDO SLOODU
䗤ℹ‫ޣ‬ᇣˈ೼  P ໘জ䖒ࠄњϔϾዄؐˈৢᴹ䗤ℹ䍟Ѣ
〇ᅮDŽ䇈ᯢ✸᷅䙷Ͼഄᮍফ䞛ぎऎᕅડ䕗໻ˈᑨ࡯↨䕗䲚
Ң೒Ёৃҹⳟߎ˖䱣ⴔ✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘ๲໻ˈಲ䞛Ꮛ䘧䎱
Ёˈԡ⿏ব࣪↨䕗ᯢᰒDŽ
⾏䞛ぎऎ䍞ᴹ䍞䖰ˈᏋ䘧ফ䞛ぎऎᕅડ⿟ᑺ‫ޣ‬ᔅDŽᏋ䘧Ꮊ
䗮䖛῵ᢳৃҹⳟߎˈབᵰ⬭䆒じ✸᷅ˈ✸᷅ⱘሎᇌᑨ
ᐂ✸ຕফ࡯ᚙ‫މ‬ϡফ✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘᕅડˈ✸ຕ  P 㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬
Ў ̚ P˗བ䳔⬭䆒ᆑ✸᷅ˈ✸᷅ⱘড়⧚ሎᇌᑨЎ ̚
ೈች⸈⹢ˈᡓ䕑㛑࡯ԢˈЎᑨ࡯䰡Ԣऎˈ P ̚ P Ў
 PDŽ
ᑨ࡯छ催ऎˈ P ໘䖒ࠄᑨ࡯ዄؐˈЎ  03Dˈ䎱⾏✸
ຕ  P ৢЎॳችᑨ࡯ऎDŽ䱣ⴔ✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘ๲ࡴˈ✸᷅ⱘ
ᭈԧᑨ࡯∈ᑇ䗤⏤䰡Ԣˈ✸᷅೼䴴䖥Ꮛ䘧ջ  P ໘ᑨ࡯䖒
ࠄ᳔໻ؐˈ P ✸᷅ᯊЎ  03Dˈ P ǃ P ᯊ᳔໻ᑨ
࡯Ў  03D ˈ P ✸᷅ᯊᑨ࡯᳆㒓Ў‫݌‬ൟⱘ✸᷅⸈ണᔶ
ᓣˈ✸᷅໘Ѣ䞛ぎऎᔶ៤ⱘᑨ࡯छ催ऎⱘ㣗ೈ‫✸ˈݙ‬᷅Ё
≵᳝ᔍᗻऎDŽ✸᷅Ў  P ǃ P ᯊ✸᷅Ёⱘᔍᗻऎᯢ
ᰒˈ䱣ⴔሎᇌⱘ๲ࡴˈᔍᗻऎⱘᆑᑺг䱣П๲ࡴDŽ䴴䖥Ꮛ
䘧ջⱘ✸᷅ᑨ࡯䲚Ё⿟ᑺ໻Ѣ䞛ぎऎջⱘˈ䖭ᰃ⬅Ѣ䆹✸
᷅໘ѢϞ䚼 1 Ꮉ԰䴶Ϣ 1 Ꮉ԰䴶П䯈ऎ↉✸᷅ᔶ
៤ⱘᑨ࡯छ催ऎⱘᕅડ㣗ೈП‫ݙ‬DŽ⬅೒  ৃⶹˈ䱣✸᷅ᆑ
ᑺⱘ๲ࡴˈ✸᷅ᡓ䕑㛑࡯䗤⏤ᦤ催ˈᏋᐂᅲԧ✸‫ⱘݙ‬ᑨ࡯
᳝䗤⏤৥✸᷅䕀⿏ⱘ䍟࢓ >@DŽᔧ✸᷅ᆑᑺ䖒ࠄϔᅮؐᯊ
೒  ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺᏋ䘧乊ᵓൖⳈԡ⿏᳆㒓
བ  P ˈ✸᷅‫ݙ‬੠Ꮛᐂᅲԧ✸‫ⱘݙ‬ᑨ࡯ዄؐ໻ԧⳌㄝˈ
䖭ᯊ✸᷅੠Ꮛᐂᅲԧ✸ৠᯊᡓফⴔ䕗໻ⱘᑨ࡯ዄؐ˗✸᷅ )LJ  'LIIHUHQW FRDO SLOODU ZLGWK
ZLGWKVV RI URRI YHUWLFDO GLVSODFHPHQW FXUYH

ᆑᑺ䖯ϔℹ๲໻ৢ བ  P ˈ✸᷅‫ⱘݙ‬ᑨ࡯ዄؐ໻໻䍙䖛
Ꮛᐂᅲԧ✸‫ⱘݙ‬ᑨ࡯ዄؐˈ✸᷅䍋Џ㽕ᡓ䕑԰⫼DŽ P ✸

4273
[ ৃ⫼ᓣ˄˅䅵ㅫ˖
ª & º
« NJ+  WDQ M »
P$
[ OQ «  »
 WDQ M  « &  3 »
« WDQ M  $ »
¬  ¼ ˄˅
ᓣЁ˖ P ϔϞऎ↉ᑇᏋ催ᑺˈP˗
P
$
$ ϔջय़㋏᭄ˈ   P ˈ P Ў⊞ᵒ↨˗
M  ϔ✸ԧ‫ݙ‬ᨽ᪺㾦˄e˅˗
೒  ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺ✸᷅ಲ䞛ջᐂ∈ᑇԡ⿏᳆㒓
)LJ  'LIIHUHQW FRDO SLOODU ZLGWK
ZLGWKVV FRDO H[WUDFLRQ VLGH IRU KRUL]RQWDO
& ϔ✸ԧ咣㘮࡯ˈ03D˗
GLVSODFHPHQW FXUYH N ϔᑨ࡯䲚Ё㋏᭄˗
+ ϔᏋ䘧ඟ⏅˗
J ϔችሖ䞡࡯ᆚᑺˈ01P˗
3 ϔϞऎ↉ᑇᏋᬃᶊᇍϟᐂⱘᬃᡸ䰏࡯03DDŽ

೒  ϡৠ✸᷅ᆑᑺ✸᷅ջᐂ∈ᑇԡ⿏᳆㒓
[ [ [
)LJ  'LIIHUHQW ZLGWKV IRU KRUL]RQWDO GLVSODFHPHQW FXUYH RI FRDO SLOODU
  

,9 ড়⧚✸᷅ᆑᑺⱘ⧚䆎䅵ㅫ ೒  ড়⧚✸᷅䅵ㅫㅔ೒


)LJ  5HDVRQDEOH SLOODU FDOFXODWLRQ GLDJUDP
$ ᇣ✸᷅ড়⧚ሎᇌ⹂ᅮᮍ⊩
໮Ͼⷓऎⱘᅲ䏉㒣偠㸼ᯢˈᇣ✸᷅⊓ぎᥬᏋⱘবᔶ੠ ḍ᥂ᰧᯢⷓ1Ꮉ԰䴶ഄ䋼䌘᭭ঞ✸ችḋᅲ偠㒧
⸈ണⱘ⡍⚍Ў˖ᥬ䖯ᳳ䯈Ꮛ䘧ೈችবᔶ䞣䕗ᇣˈ㗠ফࠄᴀ
ᵰˈ⹂ᅮ P  P ˈ $  ˈ M   e ˈ &  
Ꮉ԰䴶䞛ࡼᕅડৢˈᏋ䘧ೈችবᔶᯢᰒࡴ໻˗ⳌᇍѢ乊ᑩ
03Dˈ N ˈ +  P ˗
J  01Pˈ 3  03D ˈ
ᵓ⿏䖥䞣ˈೈችবᔶҹϸᐂЎЏˈবᔶ⡍ᕕЏ㽕৥Ꮛ‫ݙ‬᣸
ܹ˗೼乊ᑩᵓ⿏䖥䞣Ёˈᥬ䖯ᳳ䯈ҹ乊ᵓϟ≝ЎЏˈ㗠೼ [  P ˈ [   P ˈ [  P 䅵 ㅫ ᕫ ߎ
ফ䞛ࡼᕅડᯊˈᏋ䘧ᑩ哧ᯢᰒ໻Ѣ乊ᵓϟ≝>@DŽ
% [   [   [  PDŽ
ḍ᥂Ϟ䗄ᇣ✸᷅䆒䅵ॳ߭ˈ䞛⫼✸Ꮛϸᐂ✸ԧᑨ࡯੠
ᵕ䰤ᑇ㸵⧚䆎ˈৃ䅵ㅫড়⧚ⱘ᳔ᇣᡸᏋ✸᷅ᆑᑺ%>@
% ᆑ✸᷅ড়⧚ሎᇌ⹂ᅮᮍ⊩
% [  [  [ ˄˅ ᡸᏋ✸᷅ফࠄ䞛ࡼᕅડৢֱᣕ〇ᅮⱘ෎ᴀᴵӊᰃ˖✸
[
ᓣЁ˖  ϔϞऎ↉Ꮉ԰䴶ᓔ䞛೼✸᷅Ёѻ⫳ⱘลᗻ
᷅ϸջѻ⫳ลᗻবᔶৢˈ೼✸᷅Ё༂ҡ໘Ѣᔍᗻᑨ࡯⢊
ᗕˈे೼✸᷅Ё༂ֱᣕϔᅮᆑᑺⱘᔍᗻḌˈᔍᗻḌऎⱘᆑ
ऎᆑᑺˈP˗
ᑺᑨϡᇣѢ✸᷅催ᑺ ✸ሖᓔ䞛८ᑺ 0 ⱘ  ‫ˈס‬ᬙ✸᷅
[  ϔ䫮ᴚ䫮ܹ✸᷅ⱘ⏅ᑺˈP˗
ֱᣕ〇ᅮ⢊ᗕⱘᆑᑺ>@˖
[ ϔᅝܼ㋏᭄ˈ % [  0  5 
[  a  [  [  P DŽ ᓣЁ˖
[  ˉಲ䞛ぎ䯈ջลᗻবᔶऎᆑᑺˈP˗
0 ˉ✸ሖᓔ䞛८ᑺˈP˗

4274
5 ˉᏋ䘧ջลᗻবᔶऎᆑᑺˈPDŽ じ✸᷅ሎᇌЎ  Pˈᆑ✸᷅ሎᇌЎ  PDŽ߽⫼᳝䰤‫ܗ‬
䖤⫼ችԧⱘᵕ䰤ᑇ㸵⧚䆎ˈৃᕫࠄಲ䞛ぎ䯈ջลᗻऎ 䕃ӊ )/$&' ῵ᢳњ  Pǃ Pǃ Pǃ Pǃ Pǃ P
[ ˖ ᆑᑺᯊ✸᷅ᑨ࡯੠ԡ⿏ߚᏗ㾘ᕟˈ⹂ᅮњじ✸᷅ⱘሎᇌЎ
ᆑᑺ ̚Pˈᆑ✸᷅ሎᇌЎ ̚ P ᯊ✸᷅ফ࡯ᴵӊ䕗དDŽ
0 .J+  & FRW M  Ꮉ⿟ᅲ䏉㸼ᯢˈ䆹ᮍ⊩⹂ᅮⱘ✸᷅ሎᇌ⾥ᄺǃৃ
[ OQ
[I [ 3  & FRW M 
䴴ˈЎᰧᯢⷓᡸᏋ✸᷅খ᭄ⱘড়⧚⹂ᅮᦤկњ⾥ᄺձ᥂ˈ
᳝߽Ѣᬍ୘Ꮛ䘧㓈ᡸ⢊ᗕ੠ᦤ催✸⚁䌘⑤䞛ߎ⥛ˈᑊЎ㉏
ᓣЁ˖ . ˉᑨ࡯๲催㋏᭄˗
Ԑᴵӊϟⱘ⊓ぎᥬᏋᇣ✸᷅੠ᆑ✸᷅ড়⧚ሎᇌⱘ⹂ᅮᦤկ
3 ˉᬃᶊᇍ✸ᐂⱘ䰏࡯˗ њ᳝Ⲟ‫׳‬䡈DŽ
0 ˉ✸ሖᓔ䞛८ᑺ˗ 㟈䇶
& ˉ✸ԧⱘ㉬㘮࡯˗
ᴀ䆎᭛㦋ᕫ೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥乍Ⳃ˄˅ⱘ䌘
M ˉ✸ԧⱘ‫ݙ‬ᨽ᪺㾦˗ ࡽˈ៥ⱘᇐᏜᴢ㚰㗕Ꮬؒ⊼њ໻䞣ⱘᖗ㸔ˈϹḐᡞ݇ˈᕾ
I ˉ✸ሖϢ乊ᑩᵓ᥹㾺䴶ⱘᨽ᪺㋏᭄˗ ᕾ୘䇅ˈ೼ℸ៥㸼⼎㹋ᖗᛳ䇶DŽৠᯊ៥䖬㽕ᛳ䇶೼៥‫ݭ‬䆎
  VLQM ᭛ᳳ䯈㒭៥ᵕ໻ᐂࡽ੠ᬃᣕⱘ䰜㪹म຿੠߬᮹៤ᘏᎹDŽ
[ ˉϝ䕈ᑨ࡯㋏᭄ˈ [   VLQM DŽ
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ /L[LQ :X-LQ]KXDQJ :DQJ3LOODU GHVLJQ DQG PRQLWRULQJ IRXQGDWLRQ
ৠḋ䖤⫼ችԧⱘᵕ䰤ᑇ㸵⧚䆎ˈৃᕫࠄᏋ䘧ջᓔᥬৢ &KLQD PLQLQJ XQLYHUVLW\ SUHVV -DQXDU\ 
>@ 0LQJJDR4LDQ 6KL3LQJ)LYH PLQH SUHVVXUH ZLWK JURXQG FRQWURO 
ᔶ៤ⱘลᗻऎᆑᑺ>@˖
>@ /L[LQ :X -LQ]KXDQJ :DQJ&DOFXODWLRQ IRUPXOD RI FRDO SLOODU ZLGWK DQG
& LWV LQIOXHQFLQJ IDFWRUV DQDO\VLV   
NJ+ 
PE WDQ M  >@ *XDQJVKHQJ -LDQJ/LMXQ .DQJ)XOO\PHFKDQL]HG VXEOHYHO FDYLQJ PLQ
5 OQ LQJ FRDO URDGZD\ PLQLQJ PXVW SURWHFW DOOH\ >VWDELOLW\@  MRXUQDO RI FRDO
 WDQ I  & 3 MRXUQDO
 [ >@ *XR[X =KDR +HSLQJ ;LH:HLPLQ 0D*HQHURXV SLOODU VWDELOLW\ VWXG\
WDQ M  E  >-@MRXUQDO RI OLDRQLQJ HQJLQHHULQJ WHFKQRORJ\ XQLYHUVLW\ MRXUQDO
    a 
ᓣЁ˖ N üᑨ࡯๲催㋏᭄ ˗ >@ -LQ\DQ )HQJ -LQ$Q :DQJ :HQ%LQJ :HL&RDO SLOODU ZLGWK RI IXOO\
S [ üᬃᶊᇍ✸ᐂⱘ䰏࡯ˈ03D˗ PHFKDQL]HG VXEOHYHO FDYLQJ URDGZD\ UHOLDELOLW\ UHVHDUFK RQ WKH HIIHFWV
RI OHDYH >-@MRXUQDO RI PLQH SUHVVXUH DQG HQG SXOO PDQDJHPHQW 
P üᏋ䘧催ᑺˈP˗    a 

&  ü✸ԧⱘ㉬㘮࡯ˈ03D˗
+ ü䞛⏅ˈP˗
M  ü✸ሖⱘ‫ݙ‬ᨽ᪺㾦ˈe˗
E üᵕ䰤ᑇ㸵ऎϢḌऎ⬠䴶໘ⱘջय़㋏᭄DŽ

ḍ᥂ᰧᯢⷓ 1 Ꮉ԰䴶ഄ䋼䌘᭭ঞ✸ችḋᅲ偠㒧


ᵰˈ⹂ᅮ . ˗ 3  ˈ 0  P ˈ &  03D ˈ
M eˈ I ˈ [ ˈ N ˈ S [ ˈ P 
M
Pˈ   03Dˈ +  Pˈ  eˈ E ˈ䅵
&

ㅫ ᕫ ߎ
[  P ˈ 5  P ˈ ᠔ ҹ ˈ
% [    0  5 h  PDŽ

9 Џ㽕㒧䆎
 ḍ᥂⦄എᅲ⌟ঞ᭄ؐ῵ᢳⱘⷨお៤ᵰˈ䩜ᇍ 1
Ꮉ԰䴶ⱘᅲ䰙ഄ䋼ᴵӊˈ߽⫼⧚䆎ߚᵤᮍ⊩䅵ㅫߎড়⧚ⱘ

4275

You might also like