Ngayon naman pag usapan naman po natin yung mga Prerequisites for developing a facility layout o

yung mga conditions and requirements sa pagbuo ng Facility layout.

So sa isa pong organization mahalaga na magfocus sila sa pagbuo nito since nakakaapekto siya kung
gaano kaproductive and functional ang isang business. And also an organization should conduct proper
planning at ng analysis ng kanilang mga activities before developing its facility layout.

So may apat po tayo na requisites:

1. Developing process charts

2. Making Process Flow Diagram
3. Developing machine data cards
4. Visualizing the layout

Let’s first talk about Developing Process Charts

A process chart is the graphical representation of production activities performed by the organization.

So through this, process charts, we are able to examine thoroughly and illustrate yung overall activities
and production. Sa pag gawa kase ng facility layout iba iba yan kada industry depende sa kind ng
production nila. Kaya kailangan muna ma identify at malinaw kung mga details ng activities nila to
provide an optimum layout kung ano yung mag ffit sa isang organization.

So para mas ma detail pa yung mga activities sa organization, the process charts are further classified
into two categories, namely

1. Operation process chart

2. Flow process chart

In operation process chart – it provides a over all view ng whole operation system sa pagbuo ng product
like yung main activities such as yung operation tsaka mga inspection sa production. Everything that
happens in the operation process is detailed here.

Then sa flow process chart naman ay para lang din syang operation process chart. So dito pinapakita
yung flow ng product through recording of all the activities with appropriate symbols. So here may
ginagamit na mga symbols para sa iba’t ibang activities.

2nd is Making Process Flow Diagram

A process flow diagram represents the movement of materials on a floor layout.

Parang eto na rin yung nabanggit ko na flow process chart. It visualizes movement of resources through
series of symbols. And sa pag gamit ng gantong diagram, nakakatulong siya para maavoid and ma
reduce yung mga ndi necessary movement ng materails and also nakakatulong din sya when rearranging
the facility operations.

Then next is Developing Machine Data Cards

So naka focus na to sa mga patungkol sa equipment wherein through this ay malalaman naten yung
power and capacity ng machine. So nakakatulong sya para maarrange yung mga equipment depende sa
kung anong use niya at kung sinong mga individual ang gumagamit nun.
And lastly ay Visualize the layout.

It represents the most common technique that is deployed for layout planning. This involves creating
and duplication ng mga machines and equipment kung saan necessary. So dito ginagamit yung mga
scaled down model or nag kakaron na ng mga two 0r three-dimensional templates para mas mavisualize
kung yun bang na develop na layout is magiging effective or may mga alterations pa na need.

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Now let’s talk about the process of facility layout design. In designing a facility layout, It requires a
systematic approach. And merong four steps sap ag dedesign neto and

Ang una ay information gathering

Of course, we need information first. Mahirap naman gumawa kung wala tayong ka alam alam. So dapat
alamin muna neten yung mga tungkol sa organization.

 It should be identified and know the primary function of the business.

 Ano bang klase ng industry belong at ano yung mga activities and goal
 Ask what will be produced
 How much will be produced
 what components will be made or purchased
 We should also consider yung availabity and of course sa finance.

Then next is Production and Materiel Flow analysis

In here, a more focused examination about the organization’s production and activities are identified.
Dito din na nalalman yung mga specific processes, products, materials tsaka yung system boundaries.

 Ilan ba yung machine.

 Ano ba yung flow requirement
 The activity relatioships ahould also be determined
 And yung layout ng workstation

Lahat ng to ay pumapasok dito sa production and materials flow analysis where this help to optimize
processes para na rin makatipid and for efficiency. So this process helps to make most out of the
operation as it aids in space utilization and reduced congestion and delays sa organization.

Next is support services

It is extremely important for any organization to have good support services to succeed in their business
for facility layout man yan o ibang bagay. May sinabasabi nga na core processes cannot run on their own
without support

So dito you have to take note of the

 the needs for personal and facility services as well as yung office needs
 You should develop total space requirements and select material handling equipment
 And also identify the area and develop the plot plan and building shape

Then lastly is Implementation and Evaluation

So after lahat ng process, eto naman yung time to evaluate yung facility layout design kung effective ba
sya. Kung duon ba sa nadevelop mong design ay smooth at steady young flow ng production.

So implementing the facility layout design should make the equipment and the workers to be more
productive.

So in this process you should

 Construct a master plan

 Seek the input required for the facility layout and also Seek for approvals
 Then Install, Start up, Follow up and improve more

SO that’s the process of facility layout design.

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TECHNIQUE (GAME)

So after knowing the process of facility layout design we should also take note of the Techniques for
Designing a Facility Layout.

A facility layout can be designed using various techniques. But now, Let us just discuss two main
techniques of designing a facility layout.

1. Block Diagramming
2. Richard Muther’s Systematic Layout planning

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Block diagramming is a technique of designing a process layout and a way to visualize the amount of
movement that occurs between departments.

To prepare a block diagram the first step is to analyze the unit load summary that provides information
about the average number of unit loads moved between different departments of an organization.

Yung unit load ay yung quantity kung saan yung material ay dinadala from one department to another.

So dito gagawa ka ng chart na nagpapakita nung unit load summary. Example is yang chart sa gilid
wherein yung y axis ay yung from department at ang x axis ay ang to department. So dito Madali
makikita yung mga unit load na dinadala sa iba’t ibang department.

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Then next naman is to Calculate the composite movements (back-and-forth movement) of the unit
between the departments and rank them from the highest movement load to the lowest movement.

So here we’re going to add the unit loads form one department to another and yung calculation na yun
ay dapat back and forth so for example is yung from department 1 to department 3 ay may 50 loads
then form department 3 to department 1 naman ay 60 loads so 50 plus 60 ay may total na 110 loads
from dept 1 to 3, back and forth. Then after mo makuha lahat ng movements you’re going to rank it
mula sa may mataas na movement or load hanggang sa inaka mababa.
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Then the third step of block diagramming is Place the trial layouts, which are designed using the ranking
between departments, on a grid. And yung grid represents the relative distance between departments.
An from that you can know develop sa block layout to a more detailed facility layout.

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Richard Muther’s Systematic Layout Planning

So in this technique, A grid displays the ratings of the relative importance of the distance between
different departments of an organization. So dito pinapakita kung gaano ba dapat kalayo o kalapit ang
mga department sa isat isa

This is the most widely used layout planning approach and the most appropriate for designing a new
plant.

This grid also called as the closeness rating chart since nga it identifies yung layo at lapit ng mga
deparment depende sa relationship ng mga activities na ginagawa kada department

Closeness ratings are given to departments in the form of codes.

So may letters na ginagamit gaya nung nasa picture para makita yung relationship of each department
or yung closeness nila.

A – absolutely necessary for departments to be next to each other

E – especially important

I - important

O - ordinary

U - unimportant

X – undesirable to locate departments near each other.

Closeness ratings are provided to the departments depende sa iba’t ibang factors like

Kung pareho ba sila ng ginagamit na equipment and facilities

Do they share the same workers and records

Yung workflow and communication between departments.

Kung safe ba na mag katabi yung specific department.